Tomoki Kunieda, is an Assistant Professor at Taisho University, Japan. His research focus is on the history of mass communication, journalism and government public relations. He is a member of the JSCCS board of directors and chairperson of the Society’s Global Public Relations Theory Research Group. He has a doctorate in journalism from Sophia University.Koichi Yamamura, PhD, is a visiting senior researcher at Waseda University, Japan. He is also a management and communication consultant with extensive experience in corporate communication, crisis management, corporate control, and technology communication. He has published case studies on hostile takeover defence and post crisis CSR activities. He has also co-authored an article and a book chapter on the historic evolution of PR in Japan.Junichiro Miyabe is a Research Scholar at Research Faculty of Media and Communication, Hokkaido University, Japan. He has over 30-years of research experience at Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. He joined Hokkaido University in 2000 as a visiting professor and became a professor of international public relations in 2009 until 2015. He has published papers, among others, on human resource management and organizational structure of PR department.

• Introduction: Culture of lifetime employment and the history of Japanese PR Chapter 1: History in Brief Chapter 2: The Democratization of Japan and the Introduction of American PR Chapter 3: Public Relations by a Local Government: 150 years of Tokyo’s PR Chapter 4: History of Internal Communications in Japanese Companies Chapter 5: (Under-) Development of PR Industry and Profession Chapter 6: A Tale of Two Professionalisms: Human resource management (HRM) and PR function of Japanese companies Chapter 7: Impacts of Crises on Public Relations 2007–2017: The "Lehman Shock" and the Great East Japan Earthquake Chapter 8: Current situation of corporate public relations in Japan: An attempt to assess comprehensive public relations activities from eight aspects Concluding Remarks: How general are we? Appendix 1: Glossary of Key Terms Appendix 2: Chronology of PR in Japan 1861-2017 Appendix 3: Note on Japanese Employment Practices

Tomoki Kunieda, is an Assistant Professor at Taisho University, Japan. His research focus is on the history of mass communication, journalism and government public relations. He is a member of the JSCCS board of directors and chairperson of the Society’s Global Public Relations Theory Research Group. He has a doctorate in journalism from Sophia University.Koichi Yamamura, PhD, is a visiting senior researcher at Waseda University, Japan. He is also a management and communication consultant with extensive experience in corporate communication, crisis management, corporate control, and technology communication. He has published case studies on hostile takeover defence and post crisis CSR activities. He has also co-authored an article and a book chapter on the historic evolution of PR in Japan.Junichiro Miyabe is a Research Scholar at Research Faculty of Media and Communication, Hokkaido University, Japan. He has over 30-years of research experience at Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. He joined Hokkaido University in 2000 as a visiting professor and became a professor of international public relations in 2009 until 2015. He has published papers, among others, on human resource management and organizational structure of PR department.

• Introduction: Culture of lifetime employment and the history of Japanese PR Chapter 1: History in Brief Chapter 2: The Democratization of Japan and the Introduction of American PR Chapter 3: Public Relations by a Local Government: 150 years of Tokyo’s PR Chapter 4: History of Internal Communications in Japanese Companies Chapter 5: (Under-) Development of PR Industry and Profession Chapter 6: A Tale of Two Professionalisms: Human resource management (HRM) and PR function of Japanese companies Chapter 7: Impacts of Crises on Public Relations 2007–2017: The "Lehman Shock" and the Great East Japan Earthquake Chapter 8: Current situation of corporate public relations in Japan: An attempt to assess comprehensive public relations activities from eight aspects Concluding Remarks: How general are we? Appendix 1: Glossary of Key Terms Appendix 2: Chronology of PR in Japan 1861-2017 Appendix 3: Note on Japanese Employment Practices

Tomoki Kunieda, is an Assistant Professor at Taisho University, Japan. His research focus is on the history of mass communication, journalism and government public relations. He is a member of the JSCCS board of directors and chairperson of the Society’s Global Public Relations Theory Research Group. He has a doctorate in journalism from Sophia University.Koichi Yamamura, PhD, is a visiting senior researcher at Waseda University, Japan. He is also a management and communication consultant with extensive experience in corporate communication, crisis management, corporate control, and technology communication. He has published case studies on hostile takeover defence and post crisis CSR activities. He has also co-authored an article and a book chapter on the historic evolution of PR in Japan.Junichiro Miyabe is a Research Scholar at Research Faculty of Media and Communication, Hokkaido University, Japan. He has over 30-years of research experience at Nomura Research Institute, Ltd. He joined Hokkaido University in 2000 as a visiting professor and became a professor of international public relations in 2009 until 2015. He has published papers, among others, on human resource management and organizational structure of PR department.

• Introduction: Culture of lifetime employment and the history of Japanese PR Chapter 1: History in Brief Chapter 2: The Democratization of Japan and the Introduction of American PR Chapter 3: Public Relations by a Local Government: 150 years of Tokyo’s PR Chapter 4: History of Internal Communications in Japanese Companies Chapter 5: (Under-) Development of PR Industry and Profession Chapter 6: A Tale of Two Professionalisms: Human resource management (HRM) and PR function of Japanese companies Chapter 7: Impacts of Crises on Public Relations 2007–2017: The "Lehman Shock" and the Great East Japan Earthquake Chapter 8: Current situation of corporate public relations in Japan: An attempt to assess comprehensive public relations activities from eight aspects Concluding Remarks: How general are we? Appendix 1: Glossary of Key Terms Appendix 2: Chronology of PR in Japan 1861-2017 Appendix 3: Note on Japanese Employment Practices