Llewellyn Leonard (Ph.D.) is Professor at the Department of Environmental Science, School of Ecological and Human Sustainability, University of South Africa (UNISA). He has a PhD from Kings College, University of London and is a human geographer and environmental sociologist. His research interest include environmental justice, governance, democracy and human rights, civil-society-state-industry relations, urban risks, sustainable development; risk society and political economy/ecology.Regis Musavengane (Ph.D.) is a political ecologist and tourism & conservation geographer. A Faculty member at the Midlands State University, Zimbabwe, Department of Tourism and Hospitality. Research Fellow at the School of Ecological and Human Sustainability, Department of Environmental Sciences, UNISA. Holds a PhD in Geography and Environmental Studies from University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. His research interests include collaborative management of natural resources, community-based tourism, land reform for community development, and inclusive tourism systems for both urban and rural spaces. Pius Siakwah (Ph.D.) is a development and resources geographer and a Research Fellow at the Institute of African Studies (IAS), University of Ghana. Holds a PhD in Geography from Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ireland. He has keen interest in political economy, natural resources, development geographies, governance, livelihoods, network theories, and tourism and development.

"Urban tourism in the developing world is an underappreciated yet vital topic. Increased urbanisation, often poor public infrastructure, and increased threats, not least of which are global environmental change and the climate crisis, highlight the need for greater research on the interrelationships between urban tourism, risk and resilience at various scales. This edited volume on Sub-Saharan Africa is extremely timely and welcome and provides a rich source of insights and experiences that will prove extremely valuable for those concerned with tourism and urbanisation both now and in the future. This volume is strongly recommended." - Professor Michael Hall, Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"Sustainability debates concerning tourism in sub-Saharan Africa traditionally are framed in the context of the continent’s rural and protected areas. This volume breaks new ground in African tourism scholarship by re-focussing sustainability debates upon Africa’s growing cities, acknowledging them as leading tourism destinations, and interrogating the linkages between urban risks, tourism and urban sustainability. Leonard, Musavengane and Siakwah have assembled a rich original collection of theoretical and empirical material which provides a new benchmark for researchers on sustainability and tourism in the global urban South in general and sub-Saharan Africa more specifically." - Professor Christian M. Rogerson, Research Professor, School of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa"This book is a highly recommended source for researchers who are interested in urban tourism development in sub-Saharan Africa. The book highlights the challenges and risks involved, but also showcases the potential benefits of tourism on natural, cultural, political, and historical resources of the continent’s urban areas by exploring four main themes: (1) urban tourism and environmental pollution risks, (2) peace tourism, battlefields and war risks, (3) tourism, climate change and flood risks, and (4) inclusive urban tourism and enclaves. This is a must have reference book for academics and practitioners who are interested in urban tourism development in sub-Saharan Africa." - Professor Dogan Gursoy, Taco Bell Distinguished Professor, School of Hospitality Business Management, Carson College of Business, Washington State University "Africa will be the epicentre of tourism in the future as it will be one of the few places offering authentic experiences. This book is a welcome addition to the literature about tourism in Africa supporting the continent to develop travel and link urban tourism, risks, and sustainable development. This book is highly recommended as it interrogates these relations in the sub-Saharan African urban spaces. It does this by drawing on themes such as governance, environmental justice, power, ownership, xenophobia, collaboration, empowerment, climate change, human settlements and policies that influence tourism and tourism decision-making at various local, regional and national levels. Through its rich theoretical and empirical contributions by African scholars the book will be of value to academics, decision makers, city planners, tourism managers and students alike to reflect on how sustainable urban tourism can be achieved in African urban spaces." - Professor Dimitrios Buhalis, Distinguished Professor, International Centre for Tourism and Hospitality Research, Bournemouth University Business School, United Kingdom

• Chapter 1: Urban Risk and Tourism in Africa: An overview, Llewellyn Leonard, Regis Musavengane and Pius Siakwah Theme 1: Urban tourism and environmental pollution risks Chapter 2: Examining 'toxic tourism' as a new form of alternative urban tourism and for environmental justice: The case of the South Durban Industrial Basin, South Africa, Llewellyn Leonard and Robin Nunkoo Chapter 3: Waste management and urban risk in Livingstone City, Zambia: The sustainability of the hospitality sector, Wilma Sichombo Nchito and Euphemia Mwale Chapter 4: The political economy of unplanned urban sprawl, waste and tourism development in Ghana, Pius Siakwah Chapter 5: Environmental risk management and township tourism development in Alexandra, Johannesburg, South Africa, Llewellyn Leonard and Ayanda Dladla Theme 2: Peace tourism, battlefields and war risks Chapter 6: Megasport Events and Urban Risks: FIFA 2010, the African Bid and Xenophobic Violence, Brij Maharaj Chapter 7: Elections risk and urban tourism in Sub-Saharan African cities: Exploring peace through tourism in Harare, Zimbabwe, Regis Musavengane Chapter 8: The role of responsible tourism in peace-building and social inclusion in war risk cities: Evidence from Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, Clément Longondjo Etambakonga and Dieudonné Trinto Mugangu Theme 3: Tourism, climate change and flood risks Chapter 9: Factors influencing tourism accommodations’ lack of preparedness for flooding in Lagos, Nigeria, Eromose Ebhuoma and Llewellyn Leonard Chapter 10: Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for tourism hotspots Mombasa and Cape Town, Francini van Staden Chapter 11: Risk of flood impacts on tourism in coastal cities of West Africa: a case study of Accra, Ghana, Raphael Ane Atanga and Tembi Tichaawa Chapter 12: The nexus of climate change and urban tourism in South Africa: Triaging challenges and optimising opportunities, Felix Donkor and Kevin Mearns Theme 4: Inclusive urban tourism and enclaves Chapter 13: Human Settlements and Tourism Development in Kenya: Prospects for Tackling Urban Risks in Informal Settlements, Prudence Khumalo Chapter 14: Conservation tourism challenges and opportunities on the Cape Flats, South Africa, Michael Dyssel Chapter 15: Resilience, Inclusiveness and Challenges of Cosmopolitan Cities’ Heritage Tourism: The Case of the Balancing Rocks in Epworth, Harare, Zibanai Zhou Chapter 16: Prospects and challenges of sustainable urban tourism in Windhoek: poverty, inequality and urban risks linkages, Erisher Woyo Chapter 17: Navigating urban tourism amidst environmental, political and social risks: Conclusion, Regis Musavengane, Llewellyn Leonard and Pius Siakwah

Llewellyn Leonard (Ph.D.) is Professor at the Department of Environmental Science, School of Ecological and Human Sustainability, University of South Africa (UNISA). He has a PhD from Kings College, University of London and is a human geographer and environmental sociologist. His research interest include environmental justice, governance, democracy and human rights, civil-society-state-industry relations, urban risks, sustainable development; risk society and political economy/ecology.Regis Musavengane (Ph.D.) is a political ecologist and tourism & conservation geographer. A Faculty member at the Midlands State University, Zimbabwe, Department of Tourism and Hospitality. Research Fellow at the School of Ecological and Human Sustainability, Department of Environmental Sciences, UNISA. Holds a PhD in Geography and Environmental Studies from University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. His research interests include collaborative management of natural resources, community-based tourism, land reform for community development, and inclusive tourism systems for both urban and rural spaces. Pius Siakwah (Ph.D.) is a development and resources geographer and a Research Fellow at the Institute of African Studies (IAS), University of Ghana. Holds a PhD in Geography from Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ireland. He has keen interest in political economy, natural resources, development geographies, governance, livelihoods, network theories, and tourism and development.

"Urban tourism in the developing world is an underappreciated yet vital topic. Increased urbanisation, often poor public infrastructure, and increased threats, not least of which are global environmental change and the climate crisis, highlight the need for greater research on the interrelationships between urban tourism, risk and resilience at various scales. This edited volume on Sub-Saharan Africa is extremely timely and welcome and provides a rich source of insights and experiences that will prove extremely valuable for those concerned with tourism and urbanisation both now and in the future. This volume is strongly recommended." - Professor Michael Hall, Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"Sustainability debates concerning tourism in sub-Saharan Africa traditionally are framed in the context of the continent’s rural and protected areas. This volume breaks new ground in African tourism scholarship by re-focussing sustainability debates upon Africa’s growing cities, acknowledging them as leading tourism destinations, and interrogating the linkages between urban risks, tourism and urban sustainability. Leonard, Musavengane and Siakwah have assembled a rich original collection of theoretical and empirical material which provides a new benchmark for researchers on sustainability and tourism in the global urban South in general and sub-Saharan Africa more specifically." - Professor Christian M. Rogerson, Research Professor, School of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa"This book is a highly recommended source for researchers who are interested in urban tourism development in sub-Saharan Africa. The book highlights the challenges and risks involved, but also showcases the potential benefits of tourism on natural, cultural, political, and historical resources of the continent’s urban areas by exploring four main themes: (1) urban tourism and environmental pollution risks, (2) peace tourism, battlefields and war risks, (3) tourism, climate change and flood risks, and (4) inclusive urban tourism and enclaves. This is a must have reference book for academics and practitioners who are interested in urban tourism development in sub-Saharan Africa." - Professor Dogan Gursoy, Taco Bell Distinguished Professor, School of Hospitality Business Management, Carson College of Business, Washington State University "Africa will be the epicentre of tourism in the future as it will be one of the few places offering authentic experiences. This book is a welcome addition to the literature about tourism in Africa supporting the continent to develop travel and link urban tourism, risks, and sustainable development. This book is highly recommended as it interrogates these relations in the sub-Saharan African urban spaces. It does this by drawing on themes such as governance, environmental justice, power, ownership, xenophobia, collaboration, empowerment, climate change, human settlements and policies that influence tourism and tourism decision-making at various local, regional and national levels. Through its rich theoretical and empirical contributions by African scholars the book will be of value to academics, decision makers, city planners, tourism managers and students alike to reflect on how sustainable urban tourism can be achieved in African urban spaces." - Professor Dimitrios Buhalis, Distinguished Professor, International Centre for Tourism and Hospitality Research, Bournemouth University Business School, United Kingdom

• Chapter 1: Urban Risk and Tourism in Africa: An overview, Llewellyn Leonard, Regis Musavengane and Pius Siakwah Theme 1: Urban tourism and environmental pollution risks Chapter 2: Examining 'toxic tourism' as a new form of alternative urban tourism and for environmental justice: The case of the South Durban Industrial Basin, South Africa, Llewellyn Leonard and Robin Nunkoo Chapter 3: Waste management and urban risk in Livingstone City, Zambia: The sustainability of the hospitality sector, Wilma Sichombo Nchito and Euphemia Mwale Chapter 4: The political economy of unplanned urban sprawl, waste and tourism development in Ghana, Pius Siakwah Chapter 5: Environmental risk management and township tourism development in Alexandra, Johannesburg, South Africa, Llewellyn Leonard and Ayanda Dladla Theme 2: Peace tourism, battlefields and war risks Chapter 6: Megasport Events and Urban Risks: FIFA 2010, the African Bid and Xenophobic Violence, Brij Maharaj Chapter 7: Elections risk and urban tourism in Sub-Saharan African cities: Exploring peace through tourism in Harare, Zimbabwe, Regis Musavengane Chapter 8: The role of responsible tourism in peace-building and social inclusion in war risk cities: Evidence from Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, Clément Longondjo Etambakonga and Dieudonné Trinto Mugangu Theme 3: Tourism, climate change and flood risks Chapter 9: Factors influencing tourism accommodations’ lack of preparedness for flooding in Lagos, Nigeria, Eromose Ebhuoma and Llewellyn Leonard Chapter 10: Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for tourism hotspots Mombasa and Cape Town, Francini van Staden Chapter 11: Risk of flood impacts on tourism in coastal cities of West Africa: a case study of Accra, Ghana, Raphael Ane Atanga and Tembi Tichaawa Chapter 12: The nexus of climate change and urban tourism in South Africa: Triaging challenges and optimising opportunities, Felix Donkor and Kevin Mearns Theme 4: Inclusive urban tourism and enclaves Chapter 13: Human Settlements and Tourism Development in Kenya: Prospects for Tackling Urban Risks in Informal Settlements, Prudence Khumalo Chapter 14: Conservation tourism challenges and opportunities on the Cape Flats, South Africa, Michael Dyssel Chapter 15: Resilience, Inclusiveness and Challenges of Cosmopolitan Cities’ Heritage Tourism: The Case of the Balancing Rocks in Epworth, Harare, Zibanai Zhou Chapter 16: Prospects and challenges of sustainable urban tourism in Windhoek: poverty, inequality and urban risks linkages, Erisher Woyo Chapter 17: Navigating urban tourism amidst environmental, political and social risks: Conclusion, Regis Musavengane, Llewellyn Leonard and Pius Siakwah

Llewellyn Leonard (Ph.D.) is Professor at the Department of Environmental Science, School of Ecological and Human Sustainability, University of South Africa (UNISA). He has a PhD from Kings College, University of London and is a human geographer and environmental sociologist. His research interest include environmental justice, governance, democracy and human rights, civil-society-state-industry relations, urban risks, sustainable development; risk society and political economy/ecology.Regis Musavengane (Ph.D.) is a political ecologist and tourism & conservation geographer. A Faculty member at the Midlands State University, Zimbabwe, Department of Tourism and Hospitality. Research Fellow at the School of Ecological and Human Sustainability, Department of Environmental Sciences, UNISA. Holds a PhD in Geography and Environmental Studies from University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. His research interests include collaborative management of natural resources, community-based tourism, land reform for community development, and inclusive tourism systems for both urban and rural spaces. Pius Siakwah (Ph.D.) is a development and resources geographer and a Research Fellow at the Institute of African Studies (IAS), University of Ghana. Holds a PhD in Geography from Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Ireland. He has keen interest in political economy, natural resources, development geographies, governance, livelihoods, network theories, and tourism and development.

"Urban tourism in the developing world is an underappreciated yet vital topic. Increased urbanisation, often poor public infrastructure, and increased threats, not least of which are global environmental change and the climate crisis, highlight the need for greater research on the interrelationships between urban tourism, risk and resilience at various scales. This edited volume on Sub-Saharan Africa is extremely timely and welcome and provides a rich source of insights and experiences that will prove extremely valuable for those concerned with tourism and urbanisation both now and in the future. This volume is strongly recommended." - Professor Michael Hall, Department of Management, Marketing and Entrepreneurship, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand"Sustainability debates concerning tourism in sub-Saharan Africa traditionally are framed in the context of the continent’s rural and protected areas. This volume breaks new ground in African tourism scholarship by re-focussing sustainability debates upon Africa’s growing cities, acknowledging them as leading tourism destinations, and interrogating the linkages between urban risks, tourism and urban sustainability. Leonard, Musavengane and Siakwah have assembled a rich original collection of theoretical and empirical material which provides a new benchmark for researchers on sustainability and tourism in the global urban South in general and sub-Saharan Africa more specifically." - Professor Christian M. Rogerson, Research Professor, School of Tourism & Hospitality, University of Johannesburg, South Africa"This book is a highly recommended source for researchers who are interested in urban tourism development in sub-Saharan Africa. The book highlights the challenges and risks involved, but also showcases the potential benefits of tourism on natural, cultural, political, and historical resources of the continent’s urban areas by exploring four main themes: (1) urban tourism and environmental pollution risks, (2) peace tourism, battlefields and war risks, (3) tourism, climate change and flood risks, and (4) inclusive urban tourism and enclaves. This is a must have reference book for academics and practitioners who are interested in urban tourism development in sub-Saharan Africa." - Professor Dogan Gursoy, Taco Bell Distinguished Professor, School of Hospitality Business Management, Carson College of Business, Washington State University "Africa will be the epicentre of tourism in the future as it will be one of the few places offering authentic experiences. This book is a welcome addition to the literature about tourism in Africa supporting the continent to develop travel and link urban tourism, risks, and sustainable development. This book is highly recommended as it interrogates these relations in the sub-Saharan African urban spaces. It does this by drawing on themes such as governance, environmental justice, power, ownership, xenophobia, collaboration, empowerment, climate change, human settlements and policies that influence tourism and tourism decision-making at various local, regional and national levels. Through its rich theoretical and empirical contributions by African scholars the book will be of value to academics, decision makers, city planners, tourism managers and students alike to reflect on how sustainable urban tourism can be achieved in African urban spaces." - Professor Dimitrios Buhalis, Distinguished Professor, International Centre for Tourism and Hospitality Research, Bournemouth University Business School, United Kingdom

• Chapter 1: Urban Risk and Tourism in Africa: An overview, Llewellyn Leonard, Regis Musavengane and Pius Siakwah Theme 1: Urban tourism and environmental pollution risks Chapter 2: Examining 'toxic tourism' as a new form of alternative urban tourism and for environmental justice: The case of the South Durban Industrial Basin, South Africa, Llewellyn Leonard and Robin Nunkoo Chapter 3: Waste management and urban risk in Livingstone City, Zambia: The sustainability of the hospitality sector, Wilma Sichombo Nchito and Euphemia Mwale Chapter 4: The political economy of unplanned urban sprawl, waste and tourism development in Ghana, Pius Siakwah Chapter 5: Environmental risk management and township tourism development in Alexandra, Johannesburg, South Africa, Llewellyn Leonard and Ayanda Dladla Theme 2: Peace tourism, battlefields and war risks Chapter 6: Megasport Events and Urban Risks: FIFA 2010, the African Bid and Xenophobic Violence, Brij Maharaj Chapter 7: Elections risk and urban tourism in Sub-Saharan African cities: Exploring peace through tourism in Harare, Zimbabwe, Regis Musavengane Chapter 8: The role of responsible tourism in peace-building and social inclusion in war risk cities: Evidence from Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo, Clément Longondjo Etambakonga and Dieudonné Trinto Mugangu Theme 3: Tourism, climate change and flood risks Chapter 9: Factors influencing tourism accommodations’ lack of preparedness for flooding in Lagos, Nigeria, Eromose Ebhuoma and Llewellyn Leonard Chapter 10: Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for tourism hotspots Mombasa and Cape Town, Francini van Staden Chapter 11: Risk of flood impacts on tourism in coastal cities of West Africa: a case study of Accra, Ghana, Raphael Ane Atanga and Tembi Tichaawa Chapter 12: The nexus of climate change and urban tourism in South Africa: Triaging challenges and optimising opportunities, Felix Donkor and Kevin Mearns Theme 4: Inclusive urban tourism and enclaves Chapter 13: Human Settlements and Tourism Development in Kenya: Prospects for Tackling Urban Risks in Informal Settlements, Prudence Khumalo Chapter 14: Conservation tourism challenges and opportunities on the Cape Flats, South Africa, Michael Dyssel Chapter 15: Resilience, Inclusiveness and Challenges of Cosmopolitan Cities’ Heritage Tourism: The Case of the Balancing Rocks in Epworth, Harare, Zibanai Zhou Chapter 16: Prospects and challenges of sustainable urban tourism in Windhoek: poverty, inequality and urban risks linkages, Erisher Woyo Chapter 17: Navigating urban tourism amidst environmental, political and social risks: Conclusion, Regis Musavengane, Llewellyn Leonard and Pius Siakwah