Carolina Castaldi is Full Professor in Geography of Innovation at Utrecht University.Jörn Block is Full Professor at University of Trier and Erasmus University Rotterdam.Meindert J. Flikkema is Associate Professor at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

• PrefaceCarolina Castaldi, Joern Block and Meindert FlikkemaPart I: Bridging perspectives on trademarks and firms1. Why and when do firms trademark? Bridging perspectives from industrial organisation, innovation and entrepreneurshipCarolina Castaldi, Joern Block and Meindert J Flikkema2. Which firms use trademarks? Firm-level evidence from Germany on the role of distance, product quality and innovationDirk Crass3. Are trademark counts a valid indicator of innovation? Results of an in-depth study of new Benelux trademarks filed by SMEs Meindert Flikkema, Ard-Pieter De Man and Carolina Castaldi4. Innovation activities and business cycles: are trademarks a leading indicator?Charles A. W. deGrazia, Amanda Myers and Andrew A. ToolePart II: Trademarks as Assets5. On the price elasticity of demand for trademarksGaétan de Rassenfosse6. From a distinctive sign to an exchangeable asset: exploring the U.S. market for trademark licensingEdoardo Ferrucci, Maria Isabella Leone, Manuel Romagnoli and Andrea Toros7. Firm market valuation and intellectual property assetsMafini Dosso and Antonio VezzaniPart III: Trademarks and IP strategies of Innovative Firms8. Concordance and complementarity in IP instrumentsMarco Grazzi, Chiara Piccardo and Cecilia Vergari9. Are two better than one? Modelling the complementarity between patents and trademarks across industriesPatrick Llerena and Valentine Millot10. The valuation of patent-trademark pairing as IP strategy: evidence from the USPTOGrid Thoma11. Why do innovators not apply for trademarks? The role of information asymmetries and collaborative innovationSuma Athreye and Claudio FassioPart IV: Trademarks and Entrepreneurship12. Trademarks and their association with Kirznerian entrepreneursSerhiy Lyalkov, Mónica Carmona, Emilio Congregado, Ana Millán and José María Millán13. Overlap in external technology search locations and the breadth of IPR assets: lessons from the Security Software IndustrySzabolcs Szilárd Sebrek14. Trademark or patent? The effects of market concentration, customer type and venture capital financing on start-ups’ initial IP applicationsGeertjan De Vries, Enrico Pennings, Joern H. Block and Christian Fisch

Carolina Castaldi is Full Professor in Geography of Innovation at Utrecht University.Jörn Block is Full Professor at University of Trier and Erasmus University Rotterdam.Meindert J. Flikkema is Associate Professor at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

• PrefaceCarolina Castaldi, Joern Block and Meindert FlikkemaPart I: Bridging perspectives on trademarks and firms1. Why and when do firms trademark? Bridging perspectives from industrial organisation, innovation and entrepreneurshipCarolina Castaldi, Joern Block and Meindert J Flikkema2. Which firms use trademarks? Firm-level evidence from Germany on the role of distance, product quality and innovationDirk Crass3. Are trademark counts a valid indicator of innovation? Results of an in-depth study of new Benelux trademarks filed by SMEs Meindert Flikkema, Ard-Pieter De Man and Carolina Castaldi4. Innovation activities and business cycles: are trademarks a leading indicator?Charles A. W. deGrazia, Amanda Myers and Andrew A. ToolePart II: Trademarks as Assets5. On the price elasticity of demand for trademarksGaétan de Rassenfosse6. From a distinctive sign to an exchangeable asset: exploring the U.S. market for trademark licensingEdoardo Ferrucci, Maria Isabella Leone, Manuel Romagnoli and Andrea Toros7. Firm market valuation and intellectual property assetsMafini Dosso and Antonio VezzaniPart III: Trademarks and IP strategies of Innovative Firms8. Concordance and complementarity in IP instrumentsMarco Grazzi, Chiara Piccardo and Cecilia Vergari9. Are two better than one? Modelling the complementarity between patents and trademarks across industriesPatrick Llerena and Valentine Millot10. The valuation of patent-trademark pairing as IP strategy: evidence from the USPTOGrid Thoma11. Why do innovators not apply for trademarks? The role of information asymmetries and collaborative innovationSuma Athreye and Claudio FassioPart IV: Trademarks and Entrepreneurship12. Trademarks and their association with Kirznerian entrepreneursSerhiy Lyalkov, Mónica Carmona, Emilio Congregado, Ana Millán and José María Millán13. Overlap in external technology search locations and the breadth of IPR assets: lessons from the Security Software IndustrySzabolcs Szilárd Sebrek14. Trademark or patent? The effects of market concentration, customer type and venture capital financing on start-ups’ initial IP applicationsGeertjan De Vries, Enrico Pennings, Joern H. Block and Christian Fisch

Carolina Castaldi is Full Professor in Geography of Innovation at Utrecht University.Jörn Block is Full Professor at University of Trier and Erasmus University Rotterdam.Meindert J. Flikkema is Associate Professor at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

• PrefaceCarolina Castaldi, Joern Block and Meindert FlikkemaPart I: Bridging perspectives on trademarks and firms1. Why and when do firms trademark? Bridging perspectives from industrial organisation, innovation and entrepreneurshipCarolina Castaldi, Joern Block and Meindert J Flikkema2. Which firms use trademarks? Firm-level evidence from Germany on the role of distance, product quality and innovationDirk Crass3. Are trademark counts a valid indicator of innovation? Results of an in-depth study of new Benelux trademarks filed by SMEs Meindert Flikkema, Ard-Pieter De Man and Carolina Castaldi4. Innovation activities and business cycles: are trademarks a leading indicator?Charles A. W. deGrazia, Amanda Myers and Andrew A. ToolePart II: Trademarks as Assets5. On the price elasticity of demand for trademarksGaétan de Rassenfosse6. From a distinctive sign to an exchangeable asset: exploring the U.S. market for trademark licensingEdoardo Ferrucci, Maria Isabella Leone, Manuel Romagnoli and Andrea Toros7. Firm market valuation and intellectual property assetsMafini Dosso and Antonio VezzaniPart III: Trademarks and IP strategies of Innovative Firms8. Concordance and complementarity in IP instrumentsMarco Grazzi, Chiara Piccardo and Cecilia Vergari9. Are two better than one? Modelling the complementarity between patents and trademarks across industriesPatrick Llerena and Valentine Millot10. The valuation of patent-trademark pairing as IP strategy: evidence from the USPTOGrid Thoma11. Why do innovators not apply for trademarks? The role of information asymmetries and collaborative innovationSuma Athreye and Claudio FassioPart IV: Trademarks and Entrepreneurship12. Trademarks and their association with Kirznerian entrepreneursSerhiy Lyalkov, Mónica Carmona, Emilio Congregado, Ana Millán and José María Millán13. Overlap in external technology search locations and the breadth of IPR assets: lessons from the Security Software IndustrySzabolcs Szilárd Sebrek14. Trademark or patent? The effects of market concentration, customer type and venture capital financing on start-ups’ initial IP applicationsGeertjan De Vries, Enrico Pennings, Joern H. Block and Christian Fisch