Sarah A. Laird is the Director of People and Plants International and its Policy and Trade Programme, co-author of The Commercial Use of Biodiversity (2002) and editor of Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge (2002). Rebecca McLain is Co-Director of the Institute for Culture and Ecology, in the US. Rachel P. Wynberg is a senior researcher, based at the Environmental Evaluation Unit, University of Cape Town.

"I can think of no other group of resources that is so important, yet so poorly regulated, than wild products... This timely book does a terrific job of providing a context for improving policies related to the harvest and trade of wild resources. What are the major issues, what works, what clearly doesn't work, and what are the best alternatives? There is a lot to absorb - and hopefully apply - here. The editors are to be congratulated for assembling such a thoughtful and informative collection of papers." - Charles M. Peters, Ph.D., Kate E. Tode Curator of Botany, The New York Botanical Garden "It is high time to move from anecdotes and eclectic studies on NTFPs to democratic and sustainable plans that foster diverse livelihoods and new relationships to nature. In an exciting work of truly global scope -- drawing on experiences from Mexico to India -- Laird, McLain, and Wynberg have done just that, assembling readable and cutting-edge proposals, which link grounded cases with general principles to fundamentally rethink the rules that govern forests around the world. Researchers in human ecology, forestry, geography, rural sociology, and anthropology will find compelling findings and methods, while resource managers will find real world experiences and practical and implementable principles." - Paul Robbins, Professor and Head, School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, USA "Before they became products with international markets, celebrity promoters, and an acronym, wild harvested species formed the basis of subsistence livelihoods for communities all over the world. For centuries, these resources were overlooked or ignored by the central governments of most of the countries in which they occur. And then, suddenly, in response to a variety of economic, political, and conservation pressures, it became clear to policymakers that it was time to finally 'do something' about wild products. Over the past few decades, these attempts at governance have produced a bewildering array of laws, tax structures, permit schemes, and policy frameworks that are, at best, confusing and marginally effective. I can think of no other group of resources that is so important, yet so poorly regulated. This timely book does a terrific job of providing a context for improving policies related to the harvest and trade of wild resources. What are the major issues, what works, what clearly doesn't work, and what are the best alternatives? There is a lot to absorb - and hopefully apply - here. The editors are to be congratulated for assembling such a thoughtful and informative collection of papers." - Charles M. Peters, Ph.D., Kate E. Tode Curator of Botany, The New York Botanical Garden 'The book presents a balanced and considered tour of the key governance issues connected with NTFPs… it will make a useful addition to the bookshelves of researchers, decision-makers, and practitioners with a general interest in forest governance, biodiversity conservation, land and resource tenure, community forestry, and enterprise development.' - Bianca Ambrose-Oji, Mountain Research and Development"In sum, Wild Product Governance is a highly recommendable volume for ‘picking’ data from diverse case-studies, policy recommendations, and bibliographic annotations." Melissa Ceuterick, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Belgium, in Economic Botany

• Introduction. 1. Changing Policy Trends in the Emergence of Bolivia's Brazil Nut Sector Peter Cronkleton And Pablo Pacheco, Center For International Forestry Research (CIFOR) - Case Study A: In Search Of Regulations to Promote the Sustainable Use of NTFPs In Brazil. 2. Bringing Together Customary and Statutory Systems: The Struggle to Develop a Legal and Policy Framework for NTFPs in Cameroon - Case Study B: Policies for Gnetum spp. Trade in Cameroon: Overcoming Constraints that Reduce Benefits and Discourage Sustainability - Case Study C: Regulatory Issues for Bush Mango (Irvingia Spp.) Trade in South-West Cameroon and South-East Nigeria. 3. NTFPs in India: Rhetoric and Reality. 4. Policy Gaps and Invisible Elbows: NTFPs in British Columbia. 5. NTFPs in Scotland: Changing Attitudes to Access Rights in a Reforesting Land. 6. From Barter Trade to Brad Pitt's Bed: NTFPs and Ancestral Domains in The Philippines. 7. From Indigenous Customary Practices to Policy Interventions: The Ecolocal and Socio-Cultural Underpinnings of the Non-Timber Forest Trade on Palawan Island, The Philippines - Case Study D: Overregulation and Complex Bureaucratic Procedure: A Disincentive for Compliance? The Case of a Valuable Carving Wood in Bushbuckridge, South Africa. 8. Overcoming Barriers in Collectively Managed NTFPs in Mexico. 9. Fiji: Commerce, Carving and Customary Tenure. 10. One Eye on the Forest, One Eye on the Market: Multi-Tiered Regulation of Matsutake Harvesting, Conservation and Trade in North-Western Yunnan Province. 11. Managing Floral Greens in a Globalized Economy: Resource Tenure, Labour Relations and Immigration Policy in the Pacific Northwest, USA. 12. NTFP Policy, Access to Markets and Labour Issues in Finland: Impacts of Regionalization and Globalization on the Wild Berry Industry. 13. Navigating a Way Through Through Regulatory Frameworks for Hoodia Use, Conservation, Trade and Benefit Sharing. 14. Laws and Policies Impacting The Trade Of NTFPs. 15. The State of NTFP Policy and Law. 16. Recommendations. Appendix: The NTFP Law And Policy Literature: Lay Of the Land and Areas For Further Research.

Sarah A. Laird is the Director of People and Plants International and its Policy and Trade Programme, co-author of The Commercial Use of Biodiversity (2002) and editor of Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge (2002). Rebecca McLain is Co-Director of the Institute for Culture and Ecology, in the US. Rachel P. Wynberg is a senior researcher, based at the Environmental Evaluation Unit, University of Cape Town.

"I can think of no other group of resources that is so important, yet so poorly regulated, than wild products... This timely book does a terrific job of providing a context for improving policies related to the harvest and trade of wild resources. What are the major issues, what works, what clearly doesn't work, and what are the best alternatives? There is a lot to absorb - and hopefully apply - here. The editors are to be congratulated for assembling such a thoughtful and informative collection of papers." - Charles M. Peters, Ph.D., Kate E. Tode Curator of Botany, The New York Botanical Garden "It is high time to move from anecdotes and eclectic studies on NTFPs to democratic and sustainable plans that foster diverse livelihoods and new relationships to nature. In an exciting work of truly global scope -- drawing on experiences from Mexico to India -- Laird, McLain, and Wynberg have done just that, assembling readable and cutting-edge proposals, which link grounded cases with general principles to fundamentally rethink the rules that govern forests around the world. Researchers in human ecology, forestry, geography, rural sociology, and anthropology will find compelling findings and methods, while resource managers will find real world experiences and practical and implementable principles." - Paul Robbins, Professor and Head, School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, USA "Before they became products with international markets, celebrity promoters, and an acronym, wild harvested species formed the basis of subsistence livelihoods for communities all over the world. For centuries, these resources were overlooked or ignored by the central governments of most of the countries in which they occur. And then, suddenly, in response to a variety of economic, political, and conservation pressures, it became clear to policymakers that it was time to finally 'do something' about wild products. Over the past few decades, these attempts at governance have produced a bewildering array of laws, tax structures, permit schemes, and policy frameworks that are, at best, confusing and marginally effective. I can think of no other group of resources that is so important, yet so poorly regulated. This timely book does a terrific job of providing a context for improving policies related to the harvest and trade of wild resources. What are the major issues, what works, what clearly doesn't work, and what are the best alternatives? There is a lot to absorb - and hopefully apply - here. The editors are to be congratulated for assembling such a thoughtful and informative collection of papers." - Charles M. Peters, Ph.D., Kate E. Tode Curator of Botany, The New York Botanical Garden 'The book presents a balanced and considered tour of the key governance issues connected with NTFPs… it will make a useful addition to the bookshelves of researchers, decision-makers, and practitioners with a general interest in forest governance, biodiversity conservation, land and resource tenure, community forestry, and enterprise development.' - Bianca Ambrose-Oji, Mountain Research and Development"In sum, Wild Product Governance is a highly recommendable volume for ‘picking’ data from diverse case-studies, policy recommendations, and bibliographic annotations." Melissa Ceuterick, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Belgium, in Economic Botany

• Introduction. 1. Changing Policy Trends in the Emergence of Bolivia's Brazil Nut Sector Peter Cronkleton And Pablo Pacheco, Center For International Forestry Research (CIFOR) - Case Study A: In Search Of Regulations to Promote the Sustainable Use of NTFPs In Brazil. 2. Bringing Together Customary and Statutory Systems: The Struggle to Develop a Legal and Policy Framework for NTFPs in Cameroon - Case Study B: Policies for Gnetum spp. Trade in Cameroon: Overcoming Constraints that Reduce Benefits and Discourage Sustainability - Case Study C: Regulatory Issues for Bush Mango (Irvingia Spp.) Trade in South-West Cameroon and South-East Nigeria. 3. NTFPs in India: Rhetoric and Reality. 4. Policy Gaps and Invisible Elbows: NTFPs in British Columbia. 5. NTFPs in Scotland: Changing Attitudes to Access Rights in a Reforesting Land. 6. From Barter Trade to Brad Pitt's Bed: NTFPs and Ancestral Domains in The Philippines. 7. From Indigenous Customary Practices to Policy Interventions: The Ecolocal and Socio-Cultural Underpinnings of the Non-Timber Forest Trade on Palawan Island, The Philippines - Case Study D: Overregulation and Complex Bureaucratic Procedure: A Disincentive for Compliance? The Case of a Valuable Carving Wood in Bushbuckridge, South Africa. 8. Overcoming Barriers in Collectively Managed NTFPs in Mexico. 9. Fiji: Commerce, Carving and Customary Tenure. 10. One Eye on the Forest, One Eye on the Market: Multi-Tiered Regulation of Matsutake Harvesting, Conservation and Trade in North-Western Yunnan Province. 11. Managing Floral Greens in a Globalized Economy: Resource Tenure, Labour Relations and Immigration Policy in the Pacific Northwest, USA. 12. NTFP Policy, Access to Markets and Labour Issues in Finland: Impacts of Regionalization and Globalization on the Wild Berry Industry. 13. Navigating a Way Through Through Regulatory Frameworks for Hoodia Use, Conservation, Trade and Benefit Sharing. 14. Laws and Policies Impacting The Trade Of NTFPs. 15. The State of NTFP Policy and Law. 16. Recommendations. Appendix: The NTFP Law And Policy Literature: Lay Of the Land and Areas For Further Research.

Sarah A. Laird is the Director of People and Plants International and its Policy and Trade Programme, co-author of The Commercial Use of Biodiversity (2002) and editor of Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge (2002). Rebecca McLain is Co-Director of the Institute for Culture and Ecology, in the US. Rachel P. Wynberg is a senior researcher, based at the Environmental Evaluation Unit, University of Cape Town.

"I can think of no other group of resources that is so important, yet so poorly regulated, than wild products... This timely book does a terrific job of providing a context for improving policies related to the harvest and trade of wild resources. What are the major issues, what works, what clearly doesn't work, and what are the best alternatives? There is a lot to absorb - and hopefully apply - here. The editors are to be congratulated for assembling such a thoughtful and informative collection of papers." - Charles M. Peters, Ph.D., Kate E. Tode Curator of Botany, The New York Botanical Garden "It is high time to move from anecdotes and eclectic studies on NTFPs to democratic and sustainable plans that foster diverse livelihoods and new relationships to nature. In an exciting work of truly global scope -- drawing on experiences from Mexico to India -- Laird, McLain, and Wynberg have done just that, assembling readable and cutting-edge proposals, which link grounded cases with general principles to fundamentally rethink the rules that govern forests around the world. Researchers in human ecology, forestry, geography, rural sociology, and anthropology will find compelling findings and methods, while resource managers will find real world experiences and practical and implementable principles." - Paul Robbins, Professor and Head, School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, USA "Before they became products with international markets, celebrity promoters, and an acronym, wild harvested species formed the basis of subsistence livelihoods for communities all over the world. For centuries, these resources were overlooked or ignored by the central governments of most of the countries in which they occur. And then, suddenly, in response to a variety of economic, political, and conservation pressures, it became clear to policymakers that it was time to finally 'do something' about wild products. Over the past few decades, these attempts at governance have produced a bewildering array of laws, tax structures, permit schemes, and policy frameworks that are, at best, confusing and marginally effective. I can think of no other group of resources that is so important, yet so poorly regulated. This timely book does a terrific job of providing a context for improving policies related to the harvest and trade of wild resources. What are the major issues, what works, what clearly doesn't work, and what are the best alternatives? There is a lot to absorb - and hopefully apply - here. The editors are to be congratulated for assembling such a thoughtful and informative collection of papers." - Charles M. Peters, Ph.D., Kate E. Tode Curator of Botany, The New York Botanical Garden 'The book presents a balanced and considered tour of the key governance issues connected with NTFPs… it will make a useful addition to the bookshelves of researchers, decision-makers, and practitioners with a general interest in forest governance, biodiversity conservation, land and resource tenure, community forestry, and enterprise development.' - Bianca Ambrose-Oji, Mountain Research and Development"In sum, Wild Product Governance is a highly recommendable volume for ‘picking’ data from diverse case-studies, policy recommendations, and bibliographic annotations." Melissa Ceuterick, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Belgium, in Economic Botany

• Introduction. 1. Changing Policy Trends in the Emergence of Bolivia's Brazil Nut Sector Peter Cronkleton And Pablo Pacheco, Center For International Forestry Research (CIFOR) - Case Study A: In Search Of Regulations to Promote the Sustainable Use of NTFPs In Brazil. 2. Bringing Together Customary and Statutory Systems: The Struggle to Develop a Legal and Policy Framework for NTFPs in Cameroon - Case Study B: Policies for Gnetum spp. Trade in Cameroon: Overcoming Constraints that Reduce Benefits and Discourage Sustainability - Case Study C: Regulatory Issues for Bush Mango (Irvingia Spp.) Trade in South-West Cameroon and South-East Nigeria. 3. NTFPs in India: Rhetoric and Reality. 4. Policy Gaps and Invisible Elbows: NTFPs in British Columbia. 5. NTFPs in Scotland: Changing Attitudes to Access Rights in a Reforesting Land. 6. From Barter Trade to Brad Pitt's Bed: NTFPs and Ancestral Domains in The Philippines. 7. From Indigenous Customary Practices to Policy Interventions: The Ecolocal and Socio-Cultural Underpinnings of the Non-Timber Forest Trade on Palawan Island, The Philippines - Case Study D: Overregulation and Complex Bureaucratic Procedure: A Disincentive for Compliance? The Case of a Valuable Carving Wood in Bushbuckridge, South Africa. 8. Overcoming Barriers in Collectively Managed NTFPs in Mexico. 9. Fiji: Commerce, Carving and Customary Tenure. 10. One Eye on the Forest, One Eye on the Market: Multi-Tiered Regulation of Matsutake Harvesting, Conservation and Trade in North-Western Yunnan Province. 11. Managing Floral Greens in a Globalized Economy: Resource Tenure, Labour Relations and Immigration Policy in the Pacific Northwest, USA. 12. NTFP Policy, Access to Markets and Labour Issues in Finland: Impacts of Regionalization and Globalization on the Wild Berry Industry. 13. Navigating a Way Through Through Regulatory Frameworks for Hoodia Use, Conservation, Trade and Benefit Sharing. 14. Laws and Policies Impacting The Trade Of NTFPs. 15. The State of NTFP Policy and Law. 16. Recommendations. Appendix: The NTFP Law And Policy Literature: Lay Of the Land and Areas For Further Research.