Michaela Brockmann is a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Westminster, UK.Linda Clarke is Professor of European Industrial Relations at the University of Westminster, UK.Christopher Winch is Professor of Educational Philosophy and Policy at King's College, London, UK.

'Policy makers and scholars across the globe who are interested in the question of skill formation whether in practical aspects such as establishing parity in qualifications in particular occupations from across country borders or in philosophical aspects such as the role liberal education should play in the vocational curriculum, would find this book to be of great interest. The authors take a grounded theory approach that adds realism and authenticity to what they have to say. The draw on illustrations from nursing and truck driving to show the pitfalls inherent in thinking that skill is easily transferable across borders.' Theodore Lewis, University of Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago'This book courageously confronts the issues with which the whole of Europe is struggling: qualifications and the labour market! Its challenge is to show how, despite strong path dependency, there can be as much diversity between as within countries in the understanding of knowledge, skills and competences. This is a very valuable contribution to present European debates on the "legibility" tools that are the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and the European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET).'Annie Bouder, Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur les Qualifications (Cereq), France'This is a timely book, providing, for the first time in English, detailed and critically informed accounts of the historical and conceptual basis of vocational education in Germany, France and the Netherlands. It will be a unique resource, not only for comparative studies, but also for policy makers seeking to build on the possibilities of the European Qualifications Framework.'Michael Young, Institute of Education, University of London, UK

• 1. Introduction: Cross-National Equivalence of Skills and Qualifications across Europe? 2. EU Initiatives in Cross-National Recognition of Skills and Qualifications 3. Savoir:The Organizing Principle of French VET 4. The Changing Relevance of the Beruf 5. The Meaning of Competence 6. Skill: A Concept Manufactured in England? 7. Trade? Job? Or Occupation?: The Development of Occupational Labour Markets for Bricklaying and Lorry Driving 8. Higher Education Qualifications: Convergence and Divergence in Software Engineering and Nursing 9. Establishing Equivalence through Zones of Mutual Trust 10. Interpretive Dictionary

Michaela Brockmann is a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Westminster, UK.Linda Clarke is Professor of European Industrial Relations at the University of Westminster, UK.Christopher Winch is Professor of Educational Philosophy and Policy at King's College, London, UK.

'Policy makers and scholars across the globe who are interested in the question of skill formation whether in practical aspects such as establishing parity in qualifications in particular occupations from across country borders or in philosophical aspects such as the role liberal education should play in the vocational curriculum, would find this book to be of great interest. The authors take a grounded theory approach that adds realism and authenticity to what they have to say. The draw on illustrations from nursing and truck driving to show the pitfalls inherent in thinking that skill is easily transferable across borders.' Theodore Lewis, University of Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago'This book courageously confronts the issues with which the whole of Europe is struggling: qualifications and the labour market! Its challenge is to show how, despite strong path dependency, there can be as much diversity between as within countries in the understanding of knowledge, skills and competences. This is a very valuable contribution to present European debates on the "legibility" tools that are the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and the European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET).'Annie Bouder, Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur les Qualifications (Cereq), France'This is a timely book, providing, for the first time in English, detailed and critically informed accounts of the historical and conceptual basis of vocational education in Germany, France and the Netherlands. It will be a unique resource, not only for comparative studies, but also for policy makers seeking to build on the possibilities of the European Qualifications Framework.'Michael Young, Institute of Education, University of London, UK

• 1. Introduction: Cross-National Equivalence of Skills and Qualifications across Europe? 2. EU Initiatives in Cross-National Recognition of Skills and Qualifications 3. Savoir:The Organizing Principle of French VET 4. The Changing Relevance of the Beruf 5. The Meaning of Competence 6. Skill: A Concept Manufactured in England? 7. Trade? Job? Or Occupation?: The Development of Occupational Labour Markets for Bricklaying and Lorry Driving 8. Higher Education Qualifications: Convergence and Divergence in Software Engineering and Nursing 9. Establishing Equivalence through Zones of Mutual Trust 10. Interpretive Dictionary

Michaela Brockmann is a Senior Research Fellow at the University of Westminster, UK.Linda Clarke is Professor of European Industrial Relations at the University of Westminster, UK.Christopher Winch is Professor of Educational Philosophy and Policy at King's College, London, UK.

'Policy makers and scholars across the globe who are interested in the question of skill formation whether in practical aspects such as establishing parity in qualifications in particular occupations from across country borders or in philosophical aspects such as the role liberal education should play in the vocational curriculum, would find this book to be of great interest. The authors take a grounded theory approach that adds realism and authenticity to what they have to say. The draw on illustrations from nursing and truck driving to show the pitfalls inherent in thinking that skill is easily transferable across borders.' Theodore Lewis, University of Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago'This book courageously confronts the issues with which the whole of Europe is struggling: qualifications and the labour market! Its challenge is to show how, despite strong path dependency, there can be as much diversity between as within countries in the understanding of knowledge, skills and competences. This is a very valuable contribution to present European debates on the "legibility" tools that are the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and the European Credit System for Vocational Education and Training (ECVET).'Annie Bouder, Centre d'Études et de Recherches sur les Qualifications (Cereq), France'This is a timely book, providing, for the first time in English, detailed and critically informed accounts of the historical and conceptual basis of vocational education in Germany, France and the Netherlands. It will be a unique resource, not only for comparative studies, but also for policy makers seeking to build on the possibilities of the European Qualifications Framework.'Michael Young, Institute of Education, University of London, UK

• 1. Introduction: Cross-National Equivalence of Skills and Qualifications across Europe? 2. EU Initiatives in Cross-National Recognition of Skills and Qualifications 3. Savoir:The Organizing Principle of French VET 4. The Changing Relevance of the Beruf 5. The Meaning of Competence 6. Skill: A Concept Manufactured in England? 7. Trade? Job? Or Occupation?: The Development of Occupational Labour Markets for Bricklaying and Lorry Driving 8. Higher Education Qualifications: Convergence and Divergence in Software Engineering and Nursing 9. Establishing Equivalence through Zones of Mutual Trust 10. Interpretive Dictionary