YONGJUN TAN is currently Associate Professor of Applied Electrochemistry and Corrosion Technology at Deakin University, Australia. Dr. Tan invented the wire beam electrode method and developed a localized corrosion probe. He has contributed to the development of the electrochemical noise analysis technique and the understanding of noise signatures. Dr. Tan has authored or coauthored more than 100 scientific and technical publications in the fields of electrochemistry and corrosion science.

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• Preface ix1. Homogeneous Electrode Models and Uniform Corrosion Measurements 1 1.1  Homogeneous electrodes and traditional electrochemical methods 31.2   Mixed electrodes and uniform corrosion models 71.3   The mixed potential theory and electrochemical corrosion measurement 101.4   Electrochemical impedance investigation of electrode-solution interface 191.5   Electrochemical noise monitoring of rapid electrode processes 261.6   Issues and difficulties in traditional electrochemical methods 31 References 322. Probing Electrode Inhomogeneity, Electrochemical Heterogeneity and Localized Corrosion 37 2.1 Probing electrode inhomogeneity 392.2 Probing electrochemical heterogeneity and localized corrosion 442.3 Overview of various techniques for probing localized corrosion 48 References 613. Visualizing Localized Corrosion Using Electrochemically Integrated Multielectrode Arrays 67 3.1 An electrochemically integrated multielectrode array: The wire beam electrode 703.2 Visualizing the progression of localized corrosion in an Evans water drop 763.3 Visualizing localized corrosion in environments with ion concentration gradients 843.4 Visualizing localized corrosion by the WBE in conjunction with scanning probes 91 References 994. Measuring Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters from Localized Corrosion Processes 101 4.1 Methods of probing localized corrosion thermodynamics and kinetics 1034.2 Measuring localized corrosion using the overpotential-galvanic current method 1094.3 Measuring localized corrosion using the galvanic current method 1204.4 Measuring localized corrosion using the Rn-WBE method 125 References 1315. Characterizing Inhomogeneity and Localised Corrosion on Coated Electrode Surfaces 135 5.1 Characterising inhomogeneities in organic coatings and inhibitor films 1375.2 Characterising inhomogeneity in organic coatings using the WBE method 1415.3 The effects of coating inhomogeneity on electrochemical measurement 1455.4 Visualisng underfilm corrosion and the effects of cathodic protection 1485.5 Studying corrosion protection by coatings and cathodic protection 155 References 1576. Designing Experiments for Studying Localized Corrosion and Its Inhibition in Inhomogeneous Media 161 6.1 Basic issues in localized corrosion and inhibitor test design 1626.2 Fundamental considerations in selecting corrosion measurement techniques 1656.3 Designing corrosion tests in highly-resistive and inhomogeneous media 1686.4 Case studies: Designing crevice corrosion tests by means of the WBE 1816.5 Case study: Designing experiments for localized corrosion inhibitor discovery 186 References 1907. Sensing Localized Electrodeposition and Electrodissolution1957.1 Experimental methods for sensing localized electrodeposition and dissolution 1977.2 Sensing localized electrodeposition using the WBE 2007.3 Sensing localized electrodissolution using the WBE 2047.4 Sensing nonuniform electrochemical deposition of organic coatings 211References 2168. Versatile Heterogeneous Electrode Processes 219 8.1 Scanning and modeling various heterogeneous electrode processes 2228.2 Electrochemical noise generation from electrochemical heterogeneity 2258.3 Harvesting electrical power from electrochemical using the WBE 2318.4 Further research issues on electrochemical heterogeneity 237 References 238 Index 243

YONGJUN TAN is currently Associate Professor of Applied Electrochemistry and Corrosion Technology at Deakin University, Australia. Dr. Tan invented the wire beam electrode method and developed a localized corrosion probe. He has contributed to the development of the electrochemical noise analysis technique and the understanding of noise signatures. Dr. Tan has authored or coauthored more than 100 scientific and technical publications in the fields of electrochemistry and corrosion science.

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• Preface ix1. Homogeneous Electrode Models and Uniform Corrosion Measurements 1 1.1  Homogeneous electrodes and traditional electrochemical methods 31.2   Mixed electrodes and uniform corrosion models 71.3   The mixed potential theory and electrochemical corrosion measurement 101.4   Electrochemical impedance investigation of electrode-solution interface 191.5   Electrochemical noise monitoring of rapid electrode processes 261.6   Issues and difficulties in traditional electrochemical methods 31 References 322. Probing Electrode Inhomogeneity, Electrochemical Heterogeneity and Localized Corrosion 37 2.1 Probing electrode inhomogeneity 392.2 Probing electrochemical heterogeneity and localized corrosion 442.3 Overview of various techniques for probing localized corrosion 48 References 613. Visualizing Localized Corrosion Using Electrochemically Integrated Multielectrode Arrays 67 3.1 An electrochemically integrated multielectrode array: The wire beam electrode 703.2 Visualizing the progression of localized corrosion in an Evans water drop 763.3 Visualizing localized corrosion in environments with ion concentration gradients 843.4 Visualizing localized corrosion by the WBE in conjunction with scanning probes 91 References 994. Measuring Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters from Localized Corrosion Processes 101 4.1 Methods of probing localized corrosion thermodynamics and kinetics 1034.2 Measuring localized corrosion using the overpotential-galvanic current method 1094.3 Measuring localized corrosion using the galvanic current method 1204.4 Measuring localized corrosion using the Rn-WBE method 125 References 1315. Characterizing Inhomogeneity and Localised Corrosion on Coated Electrode Surfaces 135 5.1 Characterising inhomogeneities in organic coatings and inhibitor films 1375.2 Characterising inhomogeneity in organic coatings using the WBE method 1415.3 The effects of coating inhomogeneity on electrochemical measurement 1455.4 Visualisng underfilm corrosion and the effects of cathodic protection 1485.5 Studying corrosion protection by coatings and cathodic protection 155 References 1576. Designing Experiments for Studying Localized Corrosion and Its Inhibition in Inhomogeneous Media 161 6.1 Basic issues in localized corrosion and inhibitor test design 1626.2 Fundamental considerations in selecting corrosion measurement techniques 1656.3 Designing corrosion tests in highly-resistive and inhomogeneous media 1686.4 Case studies: Designing crevice corrosion tests by means of the WBE 1816.5 Case study: Designing experiments for localized corrosion inhibitor discovery 186 References 1907. Sensing Localized Electrodeposition and Electrodissolution1957.1 Experimental methods for sensing localized electrodeposition and dissolution 1977.2 Sensing localized electrodeposition using the WBE 2007.3 Sensing localized electrodissolution using the WBE 2047.4 Sensing nonuniform electrochemical deposition of organic coatings 211References 2168. Versatile Heterogeneous Electrode Processes 219 8.1 Scanning and modeling various heterogeneous electrode processes 2228.2 Electrochemical noise generation from electrochemical heterogeneity 2258.3 Harvesting electrical power from electrochemical using the WBE 2318.4 Further research issues on electrochemical heterogeneity 237 References 238 Index 243

YONGJUN TAN is currently Associate Professor of Applied Electrochemistry and Corrosion Technology at Deakin University, Australia. Dr. Tan invented the wire beam electrode method and developed a localized corrosion probe. He has contributed to the development of the electrochemical noise analysis technique and the understanding of noise signatures. Dr. Tan has authored or coauthored more than 100 scientific and technical publications in the fields of electrochemistry and corrosion science.

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• Preface ix1. Homogeneous Electrode Models and Uniform Corrosion Measurements 1 1.1  Homogeneous electrodes and traditional electrochemical methods 31.2   Mixed electrodes and uniform corrosion models 71.3   The mixed potential theory and electrochemical corrosion measurement 101.4   Electrochemical impedance investigation of electrode-solution interface 191.5   Electrochemical noise monitoring of rapid electrode processes 261.6   Issues and difficulties in traditional electrochemical methods 31 References 322. Probing Electrode Inhomogeneity, Electrochemical Heterogeneity and Localized Corrosion 37 2.1 Probing electrode inhomogeneity 392.2 Probing electrochemical heterogeneity and localized corrosion 442.3 Overview of various techniques for probing localized corrosion 48 References 613. Visualizing Localized Corrosion Using Electrochemically Integrated Multielectrode Arrays 67 3.1 An electrochemically integrated multielectrode array: The wire beam electrode 703.2 Visualizing the progression of localized corrosion in an Evans water drop 763.3 Visualizing localized corrosion in environments with ion concentration gradients 843.4 Visualizing localized corrosion by the WBE in conjunction with scanning probes 91 References 994. Measuring Thermodynamic and Kinetic Parameters from Localized Corrosion Processes 101 4.1 Methods of probing localized corrosion thermodynamics and kinetics 1034.2 Measuring localized corrosion using the overpotential-galvanic current method 1094.3 Measuring localized corrosion using the galvanic current method 1204.4 Measuring localized corrosion using the Rn-WBE method 125 References 1315. Characterizing Inhomogeneity and Localised Corrosion on Coated Electrode Surfaces 135 5.1 Characterising inhomogeneities in organic coatings and inhibitor films 1375.2 Characterising inhomogeneity in organic coatings using the WBE method 1415.3 The effects of coating inhomogeneity on electrochemical measurement 1455.4 Visualisng underfilm corrosion and the effects of cathodic protection 1485.5 Studying corrosion protection by coatings and cathodic protection 155 References 1576. Designing Experiments for Studying Localized Corrosion and Its Inhibition in Inhomogeneous Media 161 6.1 Basic issues in localized corrosion and inhibitor test design 1626.2 Fundamental considerations in selecting corrosion measurement techniques 1656.3 Designing corrosion tests in highly-resistive and inhomogeneous media 1686.4 Case studies: Designing crevice corrosion tests by means of the WBE 1816.5 Case study: Designing experiments for localized corrosion inhibitor discovery 186 References 1907. Sensing Localized Electrodeposition and Electrodissolution1957.1 Experimental methods for sensing localized electrodeposition and dissolution 1977.2 Sensing localized electrodeposition using the WBE 2007.3 Sensing localized electrodissolution using the WBE 2047.4 Sensing nonuniform electrochemical deposition of organic coatings 211References 2168. Versatile Heterogeneous Electrode Processes 219 8.1 Scanning and modeling various heterogeneous electrode processes 2228.2 Electrochemical noise generation from electrochemical heterogeneity 2258.3 Harvesting electrical power from electrochemical using the WBE 2318.4 Further research issues on electrochemical heterogeneity 237 References 238 Index 243