Meenakshi Gigi Durham is Associate Professor of Journalism and Mass Communication at the University of Iowa. She has published widely on feminist media studies and related critical approaches. Douglas M. Kellner is George Kneller Chair in the Philosophy of Education at UCLA and is the author of many books on social theory, politics, history, and culture.

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• Preface to the Second Edition ixAbout the Editors xiAdventures in Media and Cultural Studies: Introducing the KeyWorks 1Douglas M. Kellner and Meenakshi Gigi DurhamPart I: Culture, Ideology, and HegemonyIntroduction to Part I 271 The Ruling Class and the Ruling Ideas 31Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels2 (i) History of the Subaltern Classes; (ii) The Concept of “Ideology”; (iii) Cultural Themes: Ideological Material 34Antonio Gramsci3 The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction 37Walter Benjamin4 The Culture Industry: Enlightenment as Mass Deception 53Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno5 The Public Sphere: An Encyclopedia Article 75Jurgen Habermas6 Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes Towards an Investigation) 80Louis AlthusserPart II: Social Life and Cultural Studies Introduction to Part II 897 (i) Operation Margarine; (ii) Myth Today 95Roland Barthes8 The Medium is the Message 100Marshall McLuhan9 The Commodity as Spectacle 107Guy Debord10 Introduction: Instructions on How to Become a General in the Disneyland Club 110Ariel Dorfman and Armand Mattelart11 Base and Superstructure in Marxist Cultural Theory 115Raymond Williams12 (i) From Culture to Hegemony; (ii) Subculture: The Unnatural Break 124Dick Hebdige13 Encoding/Decoding 137Stuart Hall14 On the Politics of Empirical Audience Research 145Ien AngPart III: Political EconomyIntroduction to Part III 16315 Contribution to a Political Economy of Mass-Communication 166Nicholas Garnham16 On the Audience Commodity and its Work 185Dallas W. Smythe17 A Propaganda Model 204Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky18 Not Yet the Post-Imperialist Era 231Herbert I. Schiller19 Gendering the Commodity Audience: Critical Media Research, Feminism, and Political Economy 242Eileen R. Meehan20 (i) Introduction; (ii) The Aristocracy of Culture 249Pierre Bourdieu21 On Television 253Pierre BourdieuPart IV: The Politics of RepresentationIntroduction to Part IV 26322 Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema 267Laura Mulvey23 Stereotyping 275Richard Dyer24 The Readers and their Romances 283Janice Radway25 Eating the Other: Desire and Resistance 308bell hooks26 Booty Call: Sex, Violence, and Images of Black Masculinity 318Patricia Hill-Collins27 British Cultural Studies and the Pitfalls of Identity 337Paul Gilroy28 Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses 347Chandra Talpade Mohanty29 Hybrid Cultures, Oblique Powers 365Nestor Garcıa CancliniPart V: The Postmodern Turn, New Media and Social NetworkingIntroduction to Part V 38330 The Precession of Simulacra 388Jean Baudrillard31 Postmodernism, or the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism 407Fredric Jameson32 Feminism, Postmodernism and the “Real Me” 433Angela McRobbie33 Postmodern Virtualities 442Mark Poster34 Quentin Tarantino’s Star Wars?: Digital Cinema, Media Convergence, and Participatory Culture 452Henry Jenkins35 Alternative and Activist New Media: A Genre Framework 471Leah A. Lievrouw36 Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship 491d. m. boyd and N. B. EllisonPart VI: Globalization and Social MovementsIntroduction to Part VI 50737 Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy 511Arjun Appadurai38 The Global and the Local in International Communications 524Annabelle Sreberny39 The Homeland/Aztlan 539Gloria Anzaldua40 The Processes: From Nationalisms to Transnationalisms 545Jesus Martın-Barbero41 Globalization as Hybridization 567Jan Nederveen Pieterse42 (Re)Asserting National Television and National Identity Against the Global, Regional, and Local Levels of World Television 582Joseph Straubhaar43 Oppositional Politics and the Internet: A Critical/Reconstructive Approach 597Richard Kahn and Douglas M. KellnerAcknowledgments 615Index 619