James G. Speight is a senior fuel consultant and Visiting Professor at the University of Trinidad and Tobago and Adjunct Professor of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah, USA. He is recognized internationally as an expert in the characterization, properties, and processing of conventional and synthetic fuels and has more than forty years of experience in the process industries. He is the author of numerous books and papers, the senior editor on the Journal of Sustainable Energy Engineering, and has won numerous awards and distinctions.Karuna Arjoon received her Master of Philosophy degree in 2009 from the University of Trinidad and Tobago where she has served in various academic positions for the past four years. Karuna has provided consultant services for many international companies and has affiliations with the National Association of Corrosion Engineers.

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• Preface xv1. Introduction to Bioremediation 11. Introduction 12. Principles of Bioremediation 73. Bioremediation and Biodegradation 104. Mechanism of Biodegradation 155. Bioremediation Methods 226. Test Methods for Biodegradation 307. References 312. Petroleum Composition and Properties 391. Introduction 392. Composition 463. Properties 624. References 763. Refinery Products and By-Products 791. Introduction 792. Refinery Products 813. Refinery Chemicals 1064. References 1134. Composition and Properties of Gaseous Products 1151. Introduction 1152. Gaseous Products 1183. Environmental Effects 1294. Analysis 1345. References 1435. Composition and Properties of Liquid Products 1471. Introduction 1472. Naphtha 1483. Fuel Oil 1624. Wastewaters 1775. References 1806. Composition and Properties of Solid Products 1831. Introduction 1832. Residua and Asphalt 1843. Coke 1994. Sludge 2085. References 2107. Sample Collection and Preparation 2131. Introduction 2132. Petroleum Chemicals 2153. Sample Collection and Preparation 2184. Measurement 2405. Accuracy 2426. Precision 2437. Method Validation 2458. Quality Control and Quality Assurance 2529. Method Detection Limit 25610. References 2568. Analytical Methods 2591. Introduction 2592. Chemical And Physical Properties 2623. Petroleum Group Analyses 2794. Other Analytical Methods 2895. References 2989. Biodegradation of Petroleum 3051. Introduction 3052. Biodegradation of Specific Constituents 3073. Petroleum Biodegradation 3194. Application to Spills 3335. References 33910. Biodegradation of Naphtha and Gasoline 3611. Introduction 3612. Identity and Origin 3613. Remediation 3634. BTEX and MTBE 3775. References 38211. Biodegradation of Kerosene and Diesel 3851. Introduction 3852. Identity and Origin of Kerosene and Diesel 3853. Bioremediation 3894. Jet Fuel 4025. References 40412. Biodegradation of Fuel Oil 4131. Introduction 4132. Identity and Origin of Fuel Oil 4163. Biodegradation 4214. References 42713. Biodegradation of Lubricating Oil 4311. Introduction 4312. Identity and Origin of Lubricating Oil 4343. Composition and Properties of Lubricating Oil 4364. Biodegradation of Lubricating Oils 4405. Bioremediation – The Challenge 4526. Conclusion 4537. References 45314. Biodegradation of Residua and Asphalt 4631. Introduction 4632. Identity and Origin of Residua and Asphalt 4673. Biodegradation of Residua and Asphalt 4694. References 47715. Bioremediation Methods 4831. Land Ecosystems 4862. Water Ecosystems 4983. References 50716. The Future of Bioremediation 5151. Introduction 5152. Status 5173. Advantages and Disadvantages 5244. Conclusion 5265. References 528Glossary 535Conversion Factors 555Index 559

James G. Speight is a senior fuel consultant and Visiting Professor at the University of Trinidad and Tobago and Adjunct Professor of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah, USA. He is recognized internationally as an expert in the characterization, properties, and processing of conventional and synthetic fuels and has more than forty years of experience in the process industries. He is the author of numerous books and papers, the senior editor on the Journal of Sustainable Energy Engineering, and has won numerous awards and distinctions.Karuna Arjoon received her Master of Philosophy degree in 2009 from the University of Trinidad and Tobago where she has served in various academic positions for the past four years. Karuna has provided consultant services for many international companies and has affiliations with the National Association of Corrosion Engineers.

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• Preface xv1. Introduction to Bioremediation 11. Introduction 12. Principles of Bioremediation 73. Bioremediation and Biodegradation 104. Mechanism of Biodegradation 155. Bioremediation Methods 226. Test Methods for Biodegradation 307. References 312. Petroleum Composition and Properties 391. Introduction 392. Composition 463. Properties 624. References 763. Refinery Products and By-Products 791. Introduction 792. Refinery Products 813. Refinery Chemicals 1064. References 1134. Composition and Properties of Gaseous Products 1151. Introduction 1152. Gaseous Products 1183. Environmental Effects 1294. Analysis 1345. References 1435. Composition and Properties of Liquid Products 1471. Introduction 1472. Naphtha 1483. Fuel Oil 1624. Wastewaters 1775. References 1806. Composition and Properties of Solid Products 1831. Introduction 1832. Residua and Asphalt 1843. Coke 1994. Sludge 2085. References 2107. Sample Collection and Preparation 2131. Introduction 2132. Petroleum Chemicals 2153. Sample Collection and Preparation 2184. Measurement 2405. Accuracy 2426. Precision 2437. Method Validation 2458. Quality Control and Quality Assurance 2529. Method Detection Limit 25610. References 2568. Analytical Methods 2591. Introduction 2592. Chemical And Physical Properties 2623. Petroleum Group Analyses 2794. Other Analytical Methods 2895. References 2989. Biodegradation of Petroleum 3051. Introduction 3052. Biodegradation of Specific Constituents 3073. Petroleum Biodegradation 3194. Application to Spills 3335. References 33910. Biodegradation of Naphtha and Gasoline 3611. Introduction 3612. Identity and Origin 3613. Remediation 3634. BTEX and MTBE 3775. References 38211. Biodegradation of Kerosene and Diesel 3851. Introduction 3852. Identity and Origin of Kerosene and Diesel 3853. Bioremediation 3894. Jet Fuel 4025. References 40412. Biodegradation of Fuel Oil 4131. Introduction 4132. Identity and Origin of Fuel Oil 4163. Biodegradation 4214. References 42713. Biodegradation of Lubricating Oil 4311. Introduction 4312. Identity and Origin of Lubricating Oil 4343. Composition and Properties of Lubricating Oil 4364. Biodegradation of Lubricating Oils 4405. Bioremediation – The Challenge 4526. Conclusion 4537. References 45314. Biodegradation of Residua and Asphalt 4631. Introduction 4632. Identity and Origin of Residua and Asphalt 4673. Biodegradation of Residua and Asphalt 4694. References 47715. Bioremediation Methods 4831. Land Ecosystems 4862. Water Ecosystems 4983. References 50716. The Future of Bioremediation 5151. Introduction 5152. Status 5173. Advantages and Disadvantages 5244. Conclusion 5265. References 528Glossary 535Conversion Factors 555Index 559

James G. Speight is a senior fuel consultant and Visiting Professor at the University of Trinidad and Tobago and Adjunct Professor of Chemical and Fuels Engineering at the University of Utah, USA. He is recognized internationally as an expert in the characterization, properties, and processing of conventional and synthetic fuels and has more than forty years of experience in the process industries. He is the author of numerous books and papers, the senior editor on the Journal of Sustainable Energy Engineering, and has won numerous awards and distinctions.Karuna Arjoon received her Master of Philosophy degree in 2009 from the University of Trinidad and Tobago where she has served in various academic positions for the past four years. Karuna has provided consultant services for many international companies and has affiliations with the National Association of Corrosion Engineers.

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• Preface xv1. Introduction to Bioremediation 11. Introduction 12. Principles of Bioremediation 73. Bioremediation and Biodegradation 104. Mechanism of Biodegradation 155. Bioremediation Methods 226. Test Methods for Biodegradation 307. References 312. Petroleum Composition and Properties 391. Introduction 392. Composition 463. Properties 624. References 763. Refinery Products and By-Products 791. Introduction 792. Refinery Products 813. Refinery Chemicals 1064. References 1134. Composition and Properties of Gaseous Products 1151. Introduction 1152. Gaseous Products 1183. Environmental Effects 1294. Analysis 1345. References 1435. Composition and Properties of Liquid Products 1471. Introduction 1472. Naphtha 1483. Fuel Oil 1624. Wastewaters 1775. References 1806. Composition and Properties of Solid Products 1831. Introduction 1832. Residua and Asphalt 1843. Coke 1994. Sludge 2085. References 2107. Sample Collection and Preparation 2131. Introduction 2132. Petroleum Chemicals 2153. Sample Collection and Preparation 2184. Measurement 2405. Accuracy 2426. Precision 2437. Method Validation 2458. Quality Control and Quality Assurance 2529. Method Detection Limit 25610. References 2568. Analytical Methods 2591. Introduction 2592. Chemical And Physical Properties 2623. Petroleum Group Analyses 2794. Other Analytical Methods 2895. References 2989. Biodegradation of Petroleum 3051. Introduction 3052. Biodegradation of Specific Constituents 3073. Petroleum Biodegradation 3194. Application to Spills 3335. References 33910. Biodegradation of Naphtha and Gasoline 3611. Introduction 3612. Identity and Origin 3613. Remediation 3634. BTEX and MTBE 3775. References 38211. Biodegradation of Kerosene and Diesel 3851. Introduction 3852. Identity and Origin of Kerosene and Diesel 3853. Bioremediation 3894. Jet Fuel 4025. References 40412. Biodegradation of Fuel Oil 4131. Introduction 4132. Identity and Origin of Fuel Oil 4163. Biodegradation 4214. References 42713. Biodegradation of Lubricating Oil 4311. Introduction 4312. Identity and Origin of Lubricating Oil 4343. Composition and Properties of Lubricating Oil 4364. Biodegradation of Lubricating Oils 4405. Bioremediation – The Challenge 4526. Conclusion 4537. References 45314. Biodegradation of Residua and Asphalt 4631. Introduction 4632. Identity and Origin of Residua and Asphalt 4673. Biodegradation of Residua and Asphalt 4694. References 47715. Bioremediation Methods 4831. Land Ecosystems 4862. Water Ecosystems 4983. References 50716. The Future of Bioremediation 5151. Introduction 5152. Status 5173. Advantages and Disadvantages 5244. Conclusion 5265. References 528Glossary 535Conversion Factors 555Index 559