Edgar Garcia-Rill is Professor of Anatomy and Psychiatry at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. His research interests include sleep disorders, schizophrenia, depression, PTSD, and aches Neuroscience spinal cord injury. Dr. Garcia-Rill is also Director of the Center for Translational Neuroscience, a didivision of division of the Department of Neurobiology & Dev. Sci. and a research arm of the Jackson T. Stephens Spine & Neuroscience Institute, at which novel treatments for the treatment of spinal cord injury are are being developed under the Spinal Cord Injury Mobilization Program.

“This is a useful reference for neuroscience program developers such as basic and clinical scientists, administrators of neuroscience centers, department chairs, and deans.”  (Doody’s, 7 September 2012)

• Contributors xiPreface xiiiAcknowledgments xv1 A Brief History of Translational Neuroscience 1Edgar Garcia-RillSome recent history 1Funding translational research 3Lack of funding 4Making NIH funding more equitable and efficient 6How much funding is needed? 7Medical research funding in Europe 10References 132 Mentoring in Translational Neuroscience 15Edgar Garcia-RillT1 blocks 15T2 blocks 20References 273 Core Facilities for Translational Neuroscience 29Edgar Garcia-RillDesigning translational neuroscience core facilities 31Preattentional measure—the P50 potential 33Attentional measures—psychomotor vigilance 35Frontal lobe blood flow measures 36References 424 Translational Studies Using TMS 43Mark Mennemeier, Christine Sheffer, Abdallah Hayar, and Roger BuchananOverview 43Introduction 44Development of a sham stimulation technique for humans 45PET-guided TMS studies of tinnitus perception 46TMS investigations of decision-making in tobacco addiction 50TMS investigations in rodents 54Conclusion 61References 615 Translational Studies in Drug Abuse 67Veronica Bisagno, William E. Fantegrossi, and Francisco J. UrbanoBackground and significance 67Behavioral Core Facility 70Voltage-sensitive dye imaging 75Intravenous drug self-administration 75References 796 Electrophysiology in Translational Neuroscience 83Edgar Garcia-RillIn vivo and in vitro animal models 83Modafinil 84Patch clamp recordings 85Gamma band activity 86Population responses 88Preconscious awareness 89Magnetoencephalography, the Cadillac of human electrophysiology 91References 947 Translational Research on Spinal Cord Injury 97Charlotte Yates and Kevin GarrisonElectrophysiological approach: H-reflex frequency-dependent depression 98Biomechanical approach: windup of the stretch reflex 100Interventions: passive exercise 101Interventions: pharmacology (L-Dopa, Modafinil) 105Conclusions 106References 1068 Translational Research in Neonatology 109Richard Whit HallIntroduction 109The need for neonatal research 110The building blocks: basic research 110Pups to babies and back again: T1 Research 111No problem can be solved unless it is first identified 112From the bedside to the community: T2 research 113The role of comparative effectiveness research 116Barriers and rewards in translational research in neonatology 118Opportunities for translational research in neonatology 119Conclusion 119References 1209 Telemedicine in Translational Neuroscience 123Amy Ballard and Richard Whit HallHistory of telemedicine 124Enabling access to care 125Telemedicine Core Facility 126Neonatal intensive care 129Emergency departments 131Conclusion 132References 13210 Implications for the Future 135Edgar Garcia-RillFragmented infrastructure 135Incompatible databases 136The benefits of translational research 138The reshaping of basic science departments 139References 142Index 145

Edgar Garcia-Rill is Professor of Anatomy and Psychiatry at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. His research interests include sleep disorders, schizophrenia, depression, PTSD, and aches Neuroscience spinal cord injury. Dr. Garcia-Rill is also Director of the Center for Translational Neuroscience, a didivision of division of the Department of Neurobiology & Dev. Sci. and a research arm of the Jackson T. Stephens Spine & Neuroscience Institute, at which novel treatments for the treatment of spinal cord injury are are being developed under the Spinal Cord Injury Mobilization Program.

“This is a useful reference for neuroscience program developers such as basic and clinical scientists, administrators of neuroscience centers, department chairs, and deans.”  (Doody’s, 7 September 2012)

• Contributors xiPreface xiiiAcknowledgments xv1 A Brief History of Translational Neuroscience 1Edgar Garcia-RillSome recent history 1Funding translational research 3Lack of funding 4Making NIH funding more equitable and efficient 6How much funding is needed? 7Medical research funding in Europe 10References 132 Mentoring in Translational Neuroscience 15Edgar Garcia-RillT1 blocks 15T2 blocks 20References 273 Core Facilities for Translational Neuroscience 29Edgar Garcia-RillDesigning translational neuroscience core facilities 31Preattentional measure—the P50 potential 33Attentional measures—psychomotor vigilance 35Frontal lobe blood flow measures 36References 424 Translational Studies Using TMS 43Mark Mennemeier, Christine Sheffer, Abdallah Hayar, and Roger BuchananOverview 43Introduction 44Development of a sham stimulation technique for humans 45PET-guided TMS studies of tinnitus perception 46TMS investigations of decision-making in tobacco addiction 50TMS investigations in rodents 54Conclusion 61References 615 Translational Studies in Drug Abuse 67Veronica Bisagno, William E. Fantegrossi, and Francisco J. UrbanoBackground and significance 67Behavioral Core Facility 70Voltage-sensitive dye imaging 75Intravenous drug self-administration 75References 796 Electrophysiology in Translational Neuroscience 83Edgar Garcia-RillIn vivo and in vitro animal models 83Modafinil 84Patch clamp recordings 85Gamma band activity 86Population responses 88Preconscious awareness 89Magnetoencephalography, the Cadillac of human electrophysiology 91References 947 Translational Research on Spinal Cord Injury 97Charlotte Yates and Kevin GarrisonElectrophysiological approach: H-reflex frequency-dependent depression 98Biomechanical approach: windup of the stretch reflex 100Interventions: passive exercise 101Interventions: pharmacology (L-Dopa, Modafinil) 105Conclusions 106References 1068 Translational Research in Neonatology 109Richard Whit HallIntroduction 109The need for neonatal research 110The building blocks: basic research 110Pups to babies and back again: T1 Research 111No problem can be solved unless it is first identified 112From the bedside to the community: T2 research 113The role of comparative effectiveness research 116Barriers and rewards in translational research in neonatology 118Opportunities for translational research in neonatology 119Conclusion 119References 1209 Telemedicine in Translational Neuroscience 123Amy Ballard and Richard Whit HallHistory of telemedicine 124Enabling access to care 125Telemedicine Core Facility 126Neonatal intensive care 129Emergency departments 131Conclusion 132References 13210 Implications for the Future 135Edgar Garcia-RillFragmented infrastructure 135Incompatible databases 136The benefits of translational research 138The reshaping of basic science departments 139References 142Index 145

Edgar Garcia-Rill is Professor of Anatomy and Psychiatry at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. His research interests include sleep disorders, schizophrenia, depression, PTSD, and aches Neuroscience spinal cord injury. Dr. Garcia-Rill is also Director of the Center for Translational Neuroscience, a didivision of division of the Department of Neurobiology & Dev. Sci. and a research arm of the Jackson T. Stephens Spine & Neuroscience Institute, at which novel treatments for the treatment of spinal cord injury are are being developed under the Spinal Cord Injury Mobilization Program.

“This is a useful reference for neuroscience program developers such as basic and clinical scientists, administrators of neuroscience centers, department chairs, and deans.”  (Doody’s, 7 September 2012)

• Contributors xiPreface xiiiAcknowledgments xv1 A Brief History of Translational Neuroscience 1Edgar Garcia-RillSome recent history 1Funding translational research 3Lack of funding 4Making NIH funding more equitable and efficient 6How much funding is needed? 7Medical research funding in Europe 10References 132 Mentoring in Translational Neuroscience 15Edgar Garcia-RillT1 blocks 15T2 blocks 20References 273 Core Facilities for Translational Neuroscience 29Edgar Garcia-RillDesigning translational neuroscience core facilities 31Preattentional measure—the P50 potential 33Attentional measures—psychomotor vigilance 35Frontal lobe blood flow measures 36References 424 Translational Studies Using TMS 43Mark Mennemeier, Christine Sheffer, Abdallah Hayar, and Roger BuchananOverview 43Introduction 44Development of a sham stimulation technique for humans 45PET-guided TMS studies of tinnitus perception 46TMS investigations of decision-making in tobacco addiction 50TMS investigations in rodents 54Conclusion 61References 615 Translational Studies in Drug Abuse 67Veronica Bisagno, William E. Fantegrossi, and Francisco J. UrbanoBackground and significance 67Behavioral Core Facility 70Voltage-sensitive dye imaging 75Intravenous drug self-administration 75References 796 Electrophysiology in Translational Neuroscience 83Edgar Garcia-RillIn vivo and in vitro animal models 83Modafinil 84Patch clamp recordings 85Gamma band activity 86Population responses 88Preconscious awareness 89Magnetoencephalography, the Cadillac of human electrophysiology 91References 947 Translational Research on Spinal Cord Injury 97Charlotte Yates and Kevin GarrisonElectrophysiological approach: H-reflex frequency-dependent depression 98Biomechanical approach: windup of the stretch reflex 100Interventions: passive exercise 101Interventions: pharmacology (L-Dopa, Modafinil) 105Conclusions 106References 1068 Translational Research in Neonatology 109Richard Whit HallIntroduction 109The need for neonatal research 110The building blocks: basic research 110Pups to babies and back again: T1 Research 111No problem can be solved unless it is first identified 112From the bedside to the community: T2 research 113The role of comparative effectiveness research 116Barriers and rewards in translational research in neonatology 118Opportunities for translational research in neonatology 119Conclusion 119References 1209 Telemedicine in Translational Neuroscience 123Amy Ballard and Richard Whit HallHistory of telemedicine 124Enabling access to care 125Telemedicine Core Facility 126Neonatal intensive care 129Emergency departments 131Conclusion 132References 13210 Implications for the Future 135Edgar Garcia-RillFragmented infrastructure 135Incompatible databases 136The benefits of translational research 138The reshaping of basic science departments 139References 142Index 145