Handbook of Human Systems Integration

HAROLD R. BOOHER, PhD, is a consultant on human systems integration and MANPRINT applications to systems design, development, and assessment. Dr. Booher was the first Senior Executive (SES) Director of MANPRINT for the Department of the Army and is Editor of MANPRINT: An Approach to Systems Intergration. He has more than thirty-five years’ experience in human factors and engineering in government, industry, and academic applications, and is a Fellow of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.

"This handbook is worth the cost and effort to integrate into one's professional knowledge base and personal library. It will be fundamental, if not seminal, to our professional endeavors." (Ergonomics in Design, July-September 2004)

• Foreword xiiiPreface xvContributors xixTechnical Advisors and Reviewers xxvChapter 1. Introduction: Human Systems Integration 1Harold R. Booher1.1 Background 11.2 HSI Concept 41.3 Sociotechnical Systems Complexity 91.4 HSI Unique Aspects 111.5 Ten HSI Principles 121.6 HSI Principles Applied to Systems Acquisition 181.7 HSI Organizational Maturity 211.8 Discussion and Summary 231.9 Book Overview 27Part 1 Organization, Management, and Culture 31Chapter 2. Leadership That Achieves Human Systems Integration 33Charles S. HarrisBetty K. HartJoyce Shields2.1 Introduction: Beyond Reductionism 332.2 Importance of Culture 342.3 Leadership Matters 372.4 Transformational Change Model 392.5 Phase 1: Decide to Change 392.6 Phase 2: Guide Change 452.7 Phase 3: Support Change 492.8 Phase 4: Sustain Change 542.9 Overcoming Challenges to Change 582.10 Conclusion 59Chapter 3. Human Systems Integration Roles in a Systems Acquisition Culture 63Glen Hewitt Dino Piccione3.1 Introduction 633.2 Common Cultural Influences 663.3 Historical Perspective of Culture 733.4 Changing Acquisition Culture 803.5 Trends for the Future of HSI 853.6 HSI Cultural Myths versus Realities 863.7 Roles and Responsibilities 903.8 Summary and Conclusions 90Appendix: HSI Roles and Responsibilities 92Chapter 4. Human Systems Integration and Systems Acquisition Interfaces 101Edwin R. Smootz4.1 Introduction 1014.2 Systems Acquisition Processes 1024.3 Presystems Acquisition 1084.4 Systems Acquisition 1124.5 Sustainment 1174.6 Conclusion 117Chapter 5. Human Systems Integration Education and Training 121Brian M. KleinerHarold R. Booher5.1 Introduction 1215.2 HSI Competencies Needed 1225.3 Academic Education 1265.4 Textbooks 1405.5 HSI Training Courses 1475.6 HSI Careers 1495.7 HSI Professional Personnel Supply 1575.8 Summary and Conclusions 160Part II Systems Acquisition and Management Processes 165Chapter 6. Human Systems Integration Requirements in Systems Acquisition 167John A. HarrisonMelanie J. Forster6.1 Introduction 1676.2 Human Systems Integration in Requirements 1696.3 Human Systems Integration Requirements Issues 1776.4 United Kingdom HFI Process 1896.5 Summary and Conclusions 198Chapter 7. Human Systems Integration and Acquisition: Contractor’s Perspective 201Bruce E. Hamilton7.1 Introduction 2017.2 Stages of Procurement Activity 2027.3 Principal Documentation Events of Acquisition 2197.4 HSI Program Management Guidelines 2257.5 Summary 230Chapter 8. Human System Measurements and Trade-offs in System Design 233Michael BarnesDavid Beevis8.1 Introduction 2338.2 Human System Measurement 2338.3 General Measurement Model for HSI 2388.4 Analytical and Modeling Techniques Early in Design Process 2448.5 Human Performance Experimentation 2468.6 Modeling and Simulation 2488.7 Interactions among HSI Domains 2538.8 Future Trends 2588.9 Summary and Conclusion 259Chapter 9. Simulation-Based Acquisition 265Stephen R. OlsonAndrew P. Sage9.1 Introduction 2659.2 Objectives for SBA 2699.3 Simulation-Based Acquisition: Structure, Function, and Purpose 2739.4 An SBA Approach to Human Systems Integration 2779.5 SBA Quality Assurance Questions 2879.6 Conclusion 290Chapter 10. User-Centered Systems Engineering Framework 295Lee Scott EhrhartAndrew P. Sage10.1 Introduction 29510.2 Models for HSI 30110.3 System Definition 30210.4 System Requirements 30510.5 System Conceptual and Architectural Design 33810.6 Prototyping and Implementation 35510.7 System Evaluation 36010.8 Summary and Conclusions 365Part III Methods, Tools and Technologies 375Chapter 11. Manpower, Personnel, and Training Integration Methods and Tools 379Susan ArcherDonald HeadleyLaurel Allender11.1 Introduction: Workforce Challenges 37911.2 Manpower, Personnel and Training Domains 38211.3 MPT Systems Integration Tools 39911.4 Commercial Applications 41911.5 Conclusion: Challenges for MPT Integration Technologies 424Chapter 12. Integrating Training into the Design and Operation of Complex Systems 433Lawrence J. Hettinger12.1 Introduction 43312.2 Traditional Training Model 43612.3 HSI Training Model 43912.4 Issues and Challenges 44712.5 Conclusions and Recommendations 456Chapter 13. Human Factors Engineering Methods and Tools 463John LockettJeffrey Powers13.1 Introduction 46313.2 Human Factors Engineering Methods 46413.3 HFE Tools and Technologies 47413.4 Selecting Tools and Technologies 48013.5 Planning for Analysis 48213.6 Common Errors in Performing HFE 48713.7 Benefits of Modeling for HFE 49213.8 Summary 493Chapter 14. System Safety Principles and Methods 497Donald W. SwallomRobert M. LindbergTonya L. Smith-Jackson14.1 Introduction 49714.2 Risk Assessment Model 50114.3 System Safety Methods and Techniques 50714.4 System Safety Process 52514.5 Conclusion 536Chapter 15. Environmental Health Hazard Analysis and Assessment 541Welford C. Roberts15.1 Introduction 54115.2 Health Hazard Categories 54515.3 Tools and Techniques 56115.4 Health Hazard Assessment Expertise 57615.5 Health Hazard Analysis Process 57915.6 Tools That Support the Overall Health Hazard Assessment Process 58115.7 Summary 584Chapter 16. Personnel Survivability Methodology 595Richard N. ZiglerRonald A. Weiss16.1 Introduction 59516.2 Parameter Assessment List 59716.3 Survivability Analysis Process 59816.4 Personnel Survivability Components 60016.5 Some ‘‘Less-than-Obvious’’ Examples 62216.6 Casualty Assessment Tools 62416.7 Summary and Conclusions 627Chapter 17. Cost–Benefit Analysis for Human Systems Integration 631William B. RouseKenneth R. Boff17.1 Introduction 63117.2 Cost–Benefit Frameworks 63317.3 Cost–Benefit Methodology 64117.4 Three Examples 64517.5 Conclusions 655Part IV Applications 659Chapter 18. Human Systems Integration in Army Systems Acquisition 663Harold R. BooherJames Minninger18.1 Background 66318.2 HSI System Success Factors 66418.3 HSI Factors: Examples from Army Systems 66518.4 Case Studies of System Benefits 67718.5 HSI Factors and Future Weapons Systems Acquisition 69018.6 Summary and Conclusions 695Chapter 19. Human Characteristics and Measures in Systems Design 699Nita Lewis MillerJ. Jeffrey Crowson, Jr.Jennifer McGovern Narkevicius19.1 Introduction 69919.2 Human Traits: Characteristics of Users 70219.3 Human States: Operational and Environmental Variations 71219.4 Human Systems Interfaces 72419.5 Case Study 73219.6 Summary and Conclusions 734Chapter 20. Human-Centered Shipboard Systems and Operations 743Glenn A. Osga20.1 Background 74320.2 Task-Centered Approach 74620.3 Task Coverage Requirements 75020.4 Human Support Task Requirements 75520.5 Dynamic Task Requirements 76220.6 Design by Task Requirements 77120.7 Special Design Qualities 77820.8 Benefits of Task-Centered Design 78420.9 Summary and Conclusions 789Chapter 21. Linking Human Performance Principles to Design of Information Systems 795Linda G. PierceEduardo Salas21.1 Background 79521.2 Human Performance Issues 79921.3 Human Performance Concepts and Principles 80521.4 Guidelines and Tools for System Designers 81121.5 Conclusion 821Chapter 22. Human Systems Integration and Training for New Systems 829John KleschWilliam Stembler22.1 Introduction 82922.2 HSI Training Technology Applications 83222.3 Training Requirements and IMI 83522.4 HSI Applied to Training Development Process 84522.5 Summary and Conclusions 857Chapter 23. Air Traffic Control and Human Factors Integration 861Anne MavorChristopher Wickens23.1 Introduction 86123.2 HFI in the Development of an Automated ATC System 86423.3 Harmonization of Multiple Systems 87023.4 National Airspace System: An Organizational HFI Example 87123.5 Conclusion 873Chapter 24. Human Systems Integration and New Product Development 877William B. Rouse24.1 Introduction 87724.2 Private versus Public Development 87924.3 Product Management Processes 88424.4 Methods and Tools 88824.5 Best Practices 89524.6 Conclusions 900Afterword 905Appendix 923Author Index 929Subject Index 945