A leading German metaphysician of the 19th century, Arthur Schopenhauer (1788–1860) exerted an influence far beyond the hermetic world of philosophy, with adherents ranging from Richard Wagner and Friedrich Nietzsche to Leo Tolstoy and Thomas Mann.

• Volume IISUPPLEMENTS TO THE FIRST BOOKFirst Half The Doctrine of the Representation of Perception Through 1-7 of Volume II. On the Fundamental View of IdealismII. On the Doctrine of Knowledge of Perception or Knowledge of the UnderstandingIII. On the SensesIV. On Knowledge a PrioriSecond HalfThe Doctrine of the Abstract Representation or of ThinkingV. On the Intellect Devoid of ReasonVI. On the Doctrine of Abstract Knowledge of Perception to Abstract KnowledgeVII. On the Relation of Knowledge of Perception to Abstract KnowledgeVIII. On the Theory of the LudicrousIX. On Logic in GeneralX. On the Science of SyllogismsXI. On RhetoricXII. On the Doctrine of ScienceXIII. On the Methods of MathematicsXIV. On the Association of IdeasXV. On the Essential Imperfections of the IntellectXVI. On the Practical Use of Our Reason and on StoicismXVII. On Man's Need for MetaphysicsSUPPLEMENTS TO THE SECOND BOOKXVIII. On the possibility of Knowing the Thing-in-ItselfXIX. On the Primacy of the Will in Self-ConsciousnessXX. Objectification of the Will in the Animal OrganismXXI. Retrospect and More General ConsiderationXXII. Objective View of the IntellectXXIII. On the Objectification of the Will in Nature without KnowledgeXXIV. On MatterXXV. Transcedent Considerations on the Will as Thing-in-ItselfXXVI. On TeleologyXXVII. On Instinct and Mechanical TendencyXXVIII. Characterization of the Will-to-LiveSUPPLEMENTS TO THE THIRD BOOKXXIX. On Knowledge of the IdeasXXX. On the Pure Subject of KnowingXXXI. On GeniusXXXII. On MadnessXXXIII. Isolated Remarks on Natural BeautyXXXIV. On the Inner Nature of ArtXXXV. On the Aesthetics of ArchitectureXXXVI. Isolated Remarks on the Aesthetics of the Plastic and Pictorial ArtXXXVII. On the Aesthetics of PoetryXXXVIII. On HistoryXXXIX. On the Metaphysics of MusicSUPPLEMENTS TO THE FOURTH BOOKXL. PrefaceXLI. On Death and Its Relation to the Indestructibility of Our Inner NatureXLII. Life of the SpeciesXLIII. The Hereditary Nature of QualitiesXLIV. The Metaphysics of Sexual LoveAppendix to the Preceding ChapterXLV. On the Affirmation of the Will-to-LiveXLVI. On the Vanity and Suffering of LifeXLVII. On EthicsXLVIII. On the Doctrine of the Denial of the Will-to-LiveXLIX. The Road to SalvationL. EpiphilosophyIndex

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