Vinayak Chaturvedi is Associate Professor in the Department of History at the University of California, Irvine, and editor of Mapping Subaltern Studies and the Postcolonial.

• List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Maps Introduction PART ONE 1. Ranchod 2. The Bhagat and the Miracle 3. Dharala/Koli/Swordsman 4. The Patidars and the Kanbis 5. Becoming a Colonial Emissary 6. The Mukhi and the Fouzdar 7. Monitoring Peasants 8. Prophesy Unfulfilled 9. Defeating the Plague, Controlling Dharalas 10. The Dakore Pilgrimage 11. The King's Procession 12. Ranchod's Letter 13. The Book Collection 14. Kashi Patra: A Circulating Letter 15. The Practice of Cutting Trees 16. Official Battle Narratives 17. Dharala Battle Narratives 18. The Arrests 19. Ranchod's Testimony 20. The Kingship 21. Friends and Enemies of the King 22. Symbols of Legitimacy 23. Oral Culture and Written Culture 24. The Criminal Case 25. The Aftermath PART TWO 26. Politics Continued 27. Age of Darkness 28. Daduram 29. Surveillance 30. The Politics of Food 31. "The Dignity of Labor" 32. The Baraiya Conference Movement 33. Contesting Nationalism 34. Peasant Freedom 35. Police Reorganization 36. The Criminal Tribes Act 37. Underground Activities 38. "My Land Campaign" 39. The Labor Strike 40. The Kheda Satyagraha 41. Strikes and Raids 42. Nationalizing Dharala Raids 43. A Second "No-Revenue Campaign" 44. Deporting Dharalas 45. The Punitive Police Tax 46. "To Forget Past Enmities" 47. Ravishankar Vyas 48. The Last "No-Revenue Campaign" 49. The Coming of the Postcolonial 50. Becoming Indian PART THREE 51. Small Discoveries 52. Chaklasi 53. Daduram's Legacies 54. Returning to Kheda 55. Kalasinh Durbar 56. Raghupura 57. Local Knowledge 58. Hidden Histories 59. Erasing the Past 60. Narsiram 61. Seeing Daduram 62. Dayaram 63. Narsi Bhagat 64. History without Ends Conclusion Abbreviations Notes Glossary Bibliography Index

Vinayak Chaturvedi is Associate Professor in the Department of History at the University of California, Irvine, and editor of Mapping Subaltern Studies and the Postcolonial.

• List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Maps Introduction PART ONE 1. Ranchod 2. The Bhagat and the Miracle 3. Dharala/Koli/Swordsman 4. The Patidars and the Kanbis 5. Becoming a Colonial Emissary 6. The Mukhi and the Fouzdar 7. Monitoring Peasants 8. Prophesy Unfulfilled 9. Defeating the Plague, Controlling Dharalas 10. The Dakore Pilgrimage 11. The King's Procession 12. Ranchod's Letter 13. The Book Collection 14. Kashi Patra: A Circulating Letter 15. The Practice of Cutting Trees 16. Official Battle Narratives 17. Dharala Battle Narratives 18. The Arrests 19. Ranchod's Testimony 20. The Kingship 21. Friends and Enemies of the King 22. Symbols of Legitimacy 23. Oral Culture and Written Culture 24. The Criminal Case 25. The Aftermath PART TWO 26. Politics Continued 27. Age of Darkness 28. Daduram 29. Surveillance 30. The Politics of Food 31. "The Dignity of Labor" 32. The Baraiya Conference Movement 33. Contesting Nationalism 34. Peasant Freedom 35. Police Reorganization 36. The Criminal Tribes Act 37. Underground Activities 38. "My Land Campaign" 39. The Labor Strike 40. The Kheda Satyagraha 41. Strikes and Raids 42. Nationalizing Dharala Raids 43. A Second "No-Revenue Campaign" 44. Deporting Dharalas 45. The Punitive Police Tax 46. "To Forget Past Enmities" 47. Ravishankar Vyas 48. The Last "No-Revenue Campaign" 49. The Coming of the Postcolonial 50. Becoming Indian PART THREE 51. Small Discoveries 52. Chaklasi 53. Daduram's Legacies 54. Returning to Kheda 55. Kalasinh Durbar 56. Raghupura 57. Local Knowledge 58. Hidden Histories 59. Erasing the Past 60. Narsiram 61. Seeing Daduram 62. Dayaram 63. Narsi Bhagat 64. History without Ends Conclusion Abbreviations Notes Glossary Bibliography Index

Vinayak Chaturvedi is Associate Professor in the Department of History at the University of California, Irvine, and editor of Mapping Subaltern Studies and the Postcolonial.

• List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Maps Introduction PART ONE 1. Ranchod 2. The Bhagat and the Miracle 3. Dharala/Koli/Swordsman 4. The Patidars and the Kanbis 5. Becoming a Colonial Emissary 6. The Mukhi and the Fouzdar 7. Monitoring Peasants 8. Prophesy Unfulfilled 9. Defeating the Plague, Controlling Dharalas 10. The Dakore Pilgrimage 11. The King's Procession 12. Ranchod's Letter 13. The Book Collection 14. Kashi Patra: A Circulating Letter 15. The Practice of Cutting Trees 16. Official Battle Narratives 17. Dharala Battle Narratives 18. The Arrests 19. Ranchod's Testimony 20. The Kingship 21. Friends and Enemies of the King 22. Symbols of Legitimacy 23. Oral Culture and Written Culture 24. The Criminal Case 25. The Aftermath PART TWO 26. Politics Continued 27. Age of Darkness 28. Daduram 29. Surveillance 30. The Politics of Food 31. "The Dignity of Labor" 32. The Baraiya Conference Movement 33. Contesting Nationalism 34. Peasant Freedom 35. Police Reorganization 36. The Criminal Tribes Act 37. Underground Activities 38. "My Land Campaign" 39. The Labor Strike 40. The Kheda Satyagraha 41. Strikes and Raids 42. Nationalizing Dharala Raids 43. A Second "No-Revenue Campaign" 44. Deporting Dharalas 45. The Punitive Police Tax 46. "To Forget Past Enmities" 47. Ravishankar Vyas 48. The Last "No-Revenue Campaign" 49. The Coming of the Postcolonial 50. Becoming Indian PART THREE 51. Small Discoveries 52. Chaklasi 53. Daduram's Legacies 54. Returning to Kheda 55. Kalasinh Durbar 56. Raghupura 57. Local Knowledge 58. Hidden Histories 59. Erasing the Past 60. Narsiram 61. Seeing Daduram 62. Dayaram 63. Narsi Bhagat 64. History without Ends Conclusion Abbreviations Notes Glossary Bibliography Index