Scott MacKenzie is Adjunct Professor of FiIm and Media Studies at Queen's University in Ontario. He is co-editor of The Perils of Pedagogy: The Works of John Greyson (2013) and author of Screening Quebec: Quebecois Moving Images, National Identity and the Public Sphere (2004).

"The most important film book of the year ... required reading for both students and lovers of cinema." CHOICE

• Acknowledgments Introduction. "An Invention without a Future" 1. The Avant-Garde(s) The Futurist Cinema (Italy, 1916) F.T. Marinetti, Bruno Corra, et al. Lenin Decree (USSR, 1919) Vladimir Ilyich Lenin The ABCs of Cinema (France, 1917--1921) Blaise Cendrars WE: Variant of a Manifesto (USSR, 1922) Dziga Vertov The Method of Making Workers' Films (USSR, 1925) Sergei Eisenstein Constructivism in the Cinema (USSR, 1928) Alexei Gan Preface: Un chien Andalou (France, 1928) Luis Bunuel Manifesto of the Surrealists Concerning L'Age d'or (France, 193) The Surrealist Group Manifesto on "Que Viva Mexico" (USA, 1933) The Editors of Experimental Film Spirit of Truth (France, 1933) Le Corbusier An Open Letter to the Film Industry and to All Who Are Interested in the Evolution of the Good Film (Hungary, 1934) Laszlo Moholy-Nagy Light*Form*Movement*Sound (USA, 1935) Mary Ellen Bute Prolegomena for All Future Cinema (France, 1952) Guy Debord No More Flat Feet! (France, 1952) Lettriste International The Lettristes Disavow the Insulters of Chaplin (France, 1952) Jean-Isidore Isou, Maurice Lemaitre, and Gabriel Pomerand The Only Dynamic Art (USA, 1953) Jim Davis A Statement of Principles (USA, 1961) Maya Deren The First Statement of the New American Cinema Group (USA, 1961) New American Cinema Group Foundation for the Invention and Creation of Absurd Movies (USA, 1962) Ron Rice From Metaphors on Vision (USA, 1963) Stan Brakhage Kuchar 8mm Film Manifesto (USA, 1964) George Kuchar Film Andepandan [Independents] Manifesto (Japan, 1964) Takahiko Iimura, Koichiro Ishizaki, et al. Discontinuous Films (Canada, 1967) Keewatin Dewdney Hand-Made Films Manifesto (Australia, 1968) Ubu Films, Thoms Cinema Manifesto (Australia, 1971) Arthur Cantrill and Corinne Cantrill For a Metahistory of Film: Commonplace Notes and Hypotheses (USA, 1971) Hollis Frampton Elements of the Void (Greece, 1972) Gregory Markopoulos Small Gauge Manifesto (USA, 198) JoAnn Elam and Chuck Kleinhans Cinema of Transgression Manifesto (USA, 1985) Nick Zedd Modern, All Too Modern (USA, 1988) Keith Sanborn Open Letter to the Experimental Film Congress: Let's Set the Record Straight (Canada, 1989) Peggy Ahwesh, Caroline Avery, et al. Anti-1 Years of Cinema Manifesto (USA, 1996) Jonas Mekas The Decalogue (Czech Republic, 1999) Jan Svankmajer Your Film Farm Manifesto on Process Cinema (Canada, 212) Philip Hoffman 2. National and Transnational Cinemas From "The Glass Eye" (Italy, 1933) Leo Longanesi The Archers' Manifesto (UK, 1942) Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger What Is Wrong with Indian Films? (India, 1948) Satyajit Ray Bunuel the Poet (Mexico, 1951) Octavio Paz French Cinema Is Over (France, 1952) Serge Berna, Guy Debord, et al. Some Ideas on the Cinema (Italy, 1953) Cesare Zavattini A Certain Tendency in French Cinema (France, 1954) Francois Truffaut Salamanca Manifesto & Conclusions of the Congress of Salamanca (Spain, 1955) Juan Antonio Bardem Free Cinema Manifestos (UK, 1956--1959) Committee for Free Cinema The Oberhausen Manifesto (West Germany, 1962) Alexander Kluge, Edgar Reitz, et al. Untitled [Oberhausen 1965] (West Germany, 1965) Jean-Marie Straub, Rodolf Thome, Dirk Alvermann, et al. The Mannheim Declaration (West Germany, 1967) Joseph von Sternberg, Alexander Kluge, et al. Sitges Manifesto (Spain, 1967) Manuel Revuelta, Antonio Artero, Joachin Jorda, and Julian Marcos How to Make a Canadian Film (Canada, 1967) Guy Glover How to Not Make a Canadian Film (Canada, 1967) Claude Jutra From "The Estates General of the French Cinema, May 1968" (France, 1968) Thierry Derocles, Michel Demoule, Claude Chabrol, and Marin Karmitz Manifesto of the New Cinema Movement (India, 1968) Arun Kaul and Mrinal Sen What Is to Be Done? (France, 197) Jean-Luc Godard The Winnipeg Manifesto (Canada, 1974) Denys Arcand, Colin Low, Don Shebib, et al. Hamburg Declaration of German Filmmakers (West Germany, 1979) Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, et al. Manifesto I (Denmark, 1984) Lars von Trier Manifesto II (Denmark, 1987) Lars von Trier Manifesto III: I Confess! (Denmark, 199) Lars von Trier The Cinema We Need (Canada, 1985) R. Bruce Elder Pathways to the Establishment of a Nigerian Film Industry (Nigeria, 1985) Ola Balogun Manifesto of 1988 (German Democratic Republic, 1988) Young DEFA Filmmakers In Praise of a Poor Cinema (Scotland, 1993) Colin McArthur Dogme '95 Manifesto and Vow of Chastity (Denmark, 1995) Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg I Sinema Manifesto (Indonesia, 1999) Dimas Djayadinigrat, Enison Sinaro, et al. 3. Third Cinemas, Colonialism, Decolonization, and Postcolonialism Manifesto of the New Cinema Group (Mexico, 1961) El grupo nuevo cine Cinema and Underdevelopment (Argentina, 1962) Fernando Birri The Aesthetics of Hunger (Brazil, 1965) Glauber Rocha For an Imperfect Cinema (Cuba, 1969) Julio Garcia Espinosa Towards a Third Cinema: Notes and Experiences for the Development of a Cinema of Liberation in the Third World (Argentina, 1969) Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino Film Makers and the Popular Government Political Manifesto (Chile, 197) Comite de cine de la unidad popular Consciousness of a Need (Uruguay, 197) Mario Handler Militant Cinema: An Internal Category of Third Cinema (Argentina, 1971) Octavio Getino and Fernando Solanas For Colombia 1971: Militancy and Cinema (Colombia, 1971) Carlos Alvarez The Cinema: Another Face of Colonised Quebec (Canada, 1971) Association professionnelle des cineastes du Quebec 8 Millimeters versus 8 Millions (Mexico, 1972) Jaime Humberto Hermosillo, Arturo Ripstein, Paul Leduc, et al. Manifesto of the Palestinian Cinema Group (Palestine, 1973) Palestinian Cinema Group Resolutions of the Third World Filmmakers Meeting (Algeria, 1973) Fernando Birri, Ousmane Sembene, Jorge Silva, et al. The Luz e Acao Manifesto (Brazil, 1973) Carlos Diegues, Glauber Rocha, et al. Problems of Form and Content in Revolutionary Cinema (Bolivia, 1976) Jorge Sanjines Manifesto of the National Front of Cinematographers (Mexico, 1975) Paul Leduc, Jorge Fons, et al. The Algiers Charter on African Cinema (Algeria, 1975) FEPACI (Federation panafricaine des cineastes) Declaration of Principles and Goals of the Nicaraguan Institute of Cinema (Nicaragua, 1979) Nicaraguan Institute of Cinema What Is the Cinema for Us? (Mauritania, 1979) Med Hondo Niamey Manifesto of African Filmmakers (Niger, 1982) FEPACI (Federation panafricaine des cineastes) Black Independent Filmmaking: A Statement by the Black Audio Film Collective (UK, 1983) John Akomfrah From Birth Certificate of the International School of Cinema and Television in San Antonio de Los Banos, Cuba, Nicknamed the School of Three Worlds (Cuba, 1986) Fernando Birri FeCAViP Manifesto (France, 199) Federation of Caribbean Audiovisual Professionals Final Communique of the First Frontline Film Festival and Workshop (Zimbabwe, 199) SADCC (South African Development Coordination Conference) Pocha Manifesto #1 (USA, 1994) Sandra Pena-Sarmiento Poor Cinema Manifesto (Cuba, 24) Humberto Solas Jollywood Manifesto (Haiti, 28) Cine Institute The Toronto Declaration: No Celebration of Occupation (Canada, 29) John Greyson, Naomi Klein, et al. 4. Gender, Feminist, Queer, Sexuality, and Porn Manifestos Woman's Place in Photoplay Production (USA, 1914) Alice Guy-Blache Hands Off Love (France, 1927) Maxime Alexandre, Louis Aragon, et al. The Perfect Filmic Appositeness of Maria Montez (USA, 1962) Jack Smith On Film No. 4 (In Taking the Bottoms of 365 Saints of Our Time) (UK, 1967) Yoko Ono Statement (USA, 1969) Kenneth Anger Wet Dream Film Festival Manifesto (The Netherlands, 197) S.E.L.F. (Sexual Egalitarianism and Libertarian Fraternity) Women's Cinema as Counter-Cinema (UK, 1973) Claire Johnston Manifesto for a Non-sexist Cinema (Canada, 1974) FECIP (Federation europeenne du cinema progressiste) Womanifesto (USA, 1975) Feminists in the Media Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (UK, 1975) Laura Mulvey An Egret in the Porno Swamp: Notes of Sex in the Cinema (Sweden, 1977) Vilgot Sjoman For the Self-Expression of the Arab Woman (France, 1978) Heiny Srour, Salma Baccar, and Magda Wassef Manifesto of the Women Filmmakers (West Germany, 1979) Verband der Filmarbeiterinnen Wimmin's Fire Brigade Communique (Canada, 1982) Wimmin's Fire Brigade Thoughts on Women's Cinema: Eating Words, Voicing Struggles (USA, 1986) Yvonne Rainer The Post Porn Modernist Manifesto (USA, 1989) Annie Sprinkle, Veronica Vera, et al. Statement of African Women Professionals of Cinema, Television and Video (Burkina Faso, 1991) FEPACI (Federation panafricaine des cineastes) Puzzy Power Manifesto: Thoughts on Women and Pornography (Denmark, 1998) Vibeke Windelov, Lene Borglum, et al. Cinema with Tits (Spain, 1998) Iciar Bollain My Porn Manifesto (France, 22) Ovidie No More Mr. Nice Gay: A Manifesto (USA, 29) Todd Verow Barefoot Filmmaking Manifesto (UK, 29) Sally Potter Dirty Diaries Manifesto (Sweden, 29) Mia Engberg 5. Militating Hollywood Code to Govern the Making of Talking, Synchronized and Silent Motion Pictures (Motion Picture Production Code) (USA, 193) Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America Red Films: Soviets Spreading Doctrine in U.S. Theatres (USA, 1935) William Randolph Hearst Statement of Principles (USA, 1944) Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals Screen Guide for Americans (USA, 1947) Ayn Rand White Elephant Art vs. Termite Art (USA, 1962) Manny Farber Super Fly: A Summary of Objections by the Kuumba Workshop (USA, 1972) Kuumba Workshop The World Is Changing: Some Thoughts on Our Business (USA, 1991) Jeffrey Katzenberg Full Frontal Manifesto (USA, 21) Steven Soderbergh 6. The Creative Treatment of Actuality Towards a Social Cinema (France, 193) Jean Vigo From "First Principles of Documentary" (UK, 1932) John Grierson Manifesto on the Documentary Film (UK, 1933) Oswell Blakeston Declaration of the Group of Thirty (France, 1953) Jean Painleve, Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Alain Resnais, et al. Initial Statement of the Newsreel (USA, 1967) New York Newsreel Nowsreel, or the Potentialities of a Political Cinema (USA, 197) Robert Kramer, New York Newsreel Documentary Filmmakers Make Their Case (Poland, 1971) Bohdan Kosinski, Krzysztof Kieslowski, and Tomasz Zygadlo The Asian Filmmakers at Yamagata YIDFF Manifesto (Japan, 1989) Kidlat Tahimik, Stephen Teo, et al. Minnesota Declaration: Truth and Fact in Documentary Cinema (Germany, 1999) Werner Herzog Defocus Manifesto (Denmark, 2) Lars von Trier Kill the Documentary as We Know It (USA, 22) Jill Godmilow Ethnographic Cinema (EC): A Manifesto{ths}/{ths}A Provocation (USA, 23) Jay Ruby Reality Cinema Manifesto (Russia, 25) Vitaly Manskiy Documentary Manifesto (USA, 28) Albert Maysles China Independent Film Festival Manifesto: Shamans * Animals (People's Republic of China, 211) By several documentary filmmakers who participated and also who did not participate in the festival 7. States, Dictatorships, the Comintern, and Theocracies Capture the Film! Hints on the Use of, Out of the Use of, Proletarian Film Propaganda (USA, 1925) Willi Munzenberg The Legion of Decency Pledge (USA, 1938) Archbishop John McNicholas Creative Film (Germany, 1935) Joseph Goebbels Vigilanti Cura: On Motion Pictures (Vatican City, 1936) Pope Pius XI Four Cardinal Points of A Revolucao de Maio (Portugal, 1937) Antonio Lopes Ribeiro From On the Art of Cinema (North Korea, 1973) Kim Jong-il 8. Archives, Museums, Festivals, and Cinematheques A New Source of History: The Creation of a Depository for Historical Cinematography (Poland/France, 1898) Boleslaw Matuszewski The Film Prayer (USA, c. 192) A. P. Hollis The Film Society (UK, 1925) Iris Barry Filmliga Manifesto (The Netherlands, 1927) Joris Ivens, Henrik Scholte, Men'no Ter Bbaak, et al. Statement of Purposes (USA, 1948) Amos Vogel, Cinema 16 The Importance of Film Archives (UK, 1948) Ernest Lindgren A Plea for a Canadian Film Archive (Canada, 1949) Hye Bossin Open Letter to Film-Makers of the World (USA, 1966) Jonas Mekas A Declaration from the Committee for the Defense of La Cinematheque francaise (France, 1968) Committee for the Defense of La Cinematheque francaise Filmmakers versus the Museum of Modern Art (USA, 1969) Hollis Frampton, Ken Jacobs, and Michael Snow Anthology Film Archives Manifesto (USA, 197) P. Adams Sitney Toward an Ethnographic Film Archive (USA, 1971) Alan Lomax Brooklyn Babylon Cinema Manifesto (USA, 1998) Scott Miller Berry and Stephen Kent Jusick Don't Throw Film Away: The FIAF 7th Anniversary Manifesto (France, 28) Hisashi Okajima and La federation internationale des archives du film Manifesto Working Group The Lindgren Manifesto: The Film Curator of the Future (Italy, 21) Paolo Cherchi Usai Film Festival Form: A Manifesto (UK, 212) Mark Cousins 9. Sounds and Silence A Statement on Sound (USSR, 1928) Sergei Eisenstein, Vsevolod Pudovkin, and Grigori Alexandrov A Rejection of the Talkies (USA, 1931) Charlie Chaplin A Dialogue on Sound: A Manifesto (UK, 1934) Basil Wright and B. Vivian Braun Amalfi Manifesto (Italy, 1967) Michelangelo Antonioni, Bernardo Bertolucci, Pier Paolo Pasolini, et al. 10. The Digital Revolution Culture: Intercom and Expanded Cinema: A Proposal and Manifesto (USA, 1966) Stan VanDerBeek The Digital Revolution and the Future Cinema (Iran, 2) Samira Makhmalbaf The Pluginmanifesto (UK, 21) Ana Kronschnabl Digital Dekalogo: A Manifesto for a Filmless Philippines (The Philippines, 23) Khavn de la Cruz 11. Aesthetics and the Futures of the Cinema The Birth of the Sixth Art (France, 1911) Ricciotto Canudo Memo from Walt Disney to Don Graham (USA, 1935) Walt Disney The Birth of a New Avant Garde: La camera-stylo (France, 1948) Alexandre Astruc From Preface to Film (UK, 1954) Raymond Williams The Snakeskin (Sweden, 1965) Ingmar Bergman Manifesto (Italy, 1965) Roberto Rossellini, Bernardo Bertolucci, Tinto Brass, et al. Manifesto on the Release of La Chinoise (France, 1967) Jean-Luc Godard Direct Action Cinema Manifesto (USA, 1985) Rob Nilsson Remodernist Film Manifesto (USA, 28) Jesse Richards The Age of Amateur Cinema Will Return (People's Republic of China, 21) Jia Zhangke Appendix. What Is a Manifesto Film? Notes Acknowledgments of Permissions Index

Scott MacKenzie is Adjunct Professor of FiIm and Media Studies at Queen's University in Ontario. He is co-editor of The Perils of Pedagogy: The Works of John Greyson (2013) and author of Screening Quebec: Quebecois Moving Images, National Identity and the Public Sphere (2004).

"The most important film book of the year ... required reading for both students and lovers of cinema." CHOICE

• Acknowledgments Introduction. "An Invention without a Future" 1. The Avant-Garde(s) The Futurist Cinema (Italy, 1916) F.T. Marinetti, Bruno Corra, et al. Lenin Decree (USSR, 1919) Vladimir Ilyich Lenin The ABCs of Cinema (France, 1917--1921) Blaise Cendrars WE: Variant of a Manifesto (USSR, 1922) Dziga Vertov The Method of Making Workers' Films (USSR, 1925) Sergei Eisenstein Constructivism in the Cinema (USSR, 1928) Alexei Gan Preface: Un chien Andalou (France, 1928) Luis Bunuel Manifesto of the Surrealists Concerning L'Age d'or (France, 193) The Surrealist Group Manifesto on "Que Viva Mexico" (USA, 1933) The Editors of Experimental Film Spirit of Truth (France, 1933) Le Corbusier An Open Letter to the Film Industry and to All Who Are Interested in the Evolution of the Good Film (Hungary, 1934) Laszlo Moholy-Nagy Light*Form*Movement*Sound (USA, 1935) Mary Ellen Bute Prolegomena for All Future Cinema (France, 1952) Guy Debord No More Flat Feet! (France, 1952) Lettriste International The Lettristes Disavow the Insulters of Chaplin (France, 1952) Jean-Isidore Isou, Maurice Lemaitre, and Gabriel Pomerand The Only Dynamic Art (USA, 1953) Jim Davis A Statement of Principles (USA, 1961) Maya Deren The First Statement of the New American Cinema Group (USA, 1961) New American Cinema Group Foundation for the Invention and Creation of Absurd Movies (USA, 1962) Ron Rice From Metaphors on Vision (USA, 1963) Stan Brakhage Kuchar 8mm Film Manifesto (USA, 1964) George Kuchar Film Andepandan [Independents] Manifesto (Japan, 1964) Takahiko Iimura, Koichiro Ishizaki, et al. Discontinuous Films (Canada, 1967) Keewatin Dewdney Hand-Made Films Manifesto (Australia, 1968) Ubu Films, Thoms Cinema Manifesto (Australia, 1971) Arthur Cantrill and Corinne Cantrill For a Metahistory of Film: Commonplace Notes and Hypotheses (USA, 1971) Hollis Frampton Elements of the Void (Greece, 1972) Gregory Markopoulos Small Gauge Manifesto (USA, 198) JoAnn Elam and Chuck Kleinhans Cinema of Transgression Manifesto (USA, 1985) Nick Zedd Modern, All Too Modern (USA, 1988) Keith Sanborn Open Letter to the Experimental Film Congress: Let's Set the Record Straight (Canada, 1989) Peggy Ahwesh, Caroline Avery, et al. Anti-1 Years of Cinema Manifesto (USA, 1996) Jonas Mekas The Decalogue (Czech Republic, 1999) Jan Svankmajer Your Film Farm Manifesto on Process Cinema (Canada, 212) Philip Hoffman 2. National and Transnational Cinemas From "The Glass Eye" (Italy, 1933) Leo Longanesi The Archers' Manifesto (UK, 1942) Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger What Is Wrong with Indian Films? (India, 1948) Satyajit Ray Bunuel the Poet (Mexico, 1951) Octavio Paz French Cinema Is Over (France, 1952) Serge Berna, Guy Debord, et al. Some Ideas on the Cinema (Italy, 1953) Cesare Zavattini A Certain Tendency in French Cinema (France, 1954) Francois Truffaut Salamanca Manifesto & Conclusions of the Congress of Salamanca (Spain, 1955) Juan Antonio Bardem Free Cinema Manifestos (UK, 1956--1959) Committee for Free Cinema The Oberhausen Manifesto (West Germany, 1962) Alexander Kluge, Edgar Reitz, et al. Untitled [Oberhausen 1965] (West Germany, 1965) Jean-Marie Straub, Rodolf Thome, Dirk Alvermann, et al. The Mannheim Declaration (West Germany, 1967) Joseph von Sternberg, Alexander Kluge, et al. Sitges Manifesto (Spain, 1967) Manuel Revuelta, Antonio Artero, Joachin Jorda, and Julian Marcos How to Make a Canadian Film (Canada, 1967) Guy Glover How to Not Make a Canadian Film (Canada, 1967) Claude Jutra From "The Estates General of the French Cinema, May 1968" (France, 1968) Thierry Derocles, Michel Demoule, Claude Chabrol, and Marin Karmitz Manifesto of the New Cinema Movement (India, 1968) Arun Kaul and Mrinal Sen What Is to Be Done? (France, 197) Jean-Luc Godard The Winnipeg Manifesto (Canada, 1974) Denys Arcand, Colin Low, Don Shebib, et al. Hamburg Declaration of German Filmmakers (West Germany, 1979) Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, et al. Manifesto I (Denmark, 1984) Lars von Trier Manifesto II (Denmark, 1987) Lars von Trier Manifesto III: I Confess! (Denmark, 199) Lars von Trier The Cinema We Need (Canada, 1985) R. Bruce Elder Pathways to the Establishment of a Nigerian Film Industry (Nigeria, 1985) Ola Balogun Manifesto of 1988 (German Democratic Republic, 1988) Young DEFA Filmmakers In Praise of a Poor Cinema (Scotland, 1993) Colin McArthur Dogme '95 Manifesto and Vow of Chastity (Denmark, 1995) Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg I Sinema Manifesto (Indonesia, 1999) Dimas Djayadinigrat, Enison Sinaro, et al. 3. Third Cinemas, Colonialism, Decolonization, and Postcolonialism Manifesto of the New Cinema Group (Mexico, 1961) El grupo nuevo cine Cinema and Underdevelopment (Argentina, 1962) Fernando Birri The Aesthetics of Hunger (Brazil, 1965) Glauber Rocha For an Imperfect Cinema (Cuba, 1969) Julio Garcia Espinosa Towards a Third Cinema: Notes and Experiences for the Development of a Cinema of Liberation in the Third World (Argentina, 1969) Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino Film Makers and the Popular Government Political Manifesto (Chile, 197) Comite de cine de la unidad popular Consciousness of a Need (Uruguay, 197) Mario Handler Militant Cinema: An Internal Category of Third Cinema (Argentina, 1971) Octavio Getino and Fernando Solanas For Colombia 1971: Militancy and Cinema (Colombia, 1971) Carlos Alvarez The Cinema: Another Face of Colonised Quebec (Canada, 1971) Association professionnelle des cineastes du Quebec 8 Millimeters versus 8 Millions (Mexico, 1972) Jaime Humberto Hermosillo, Arturo Ripstein, Paul Leduc, et al. Manifesto of the Palestinian Cinema Group (Palestine, 1973) Palestinian Cinema Group Resolutions of the Third World Filmmakers Meeting (Algeria, 1973) Fernando Birri, Ousmane Sembene, Jorge Silva, et al. The Luz e Acao Manifesto (Brazil, 1973) Carlos Diegues, Glauber Rocha, et al. Problems of Form and Content in Revolutionary Cinema (Bolivia, 1976) Jorge Sanjines Manifesto of the National Front of Cinematographers (Mexico, 1975) Paul Leduc, Jorge Fons, et al. The Algiers Charter on African Cinema (Algeria, 1975) FEPACI (Federation panafricaine des cineastes) Declaration of Principles and Goals of the Nicaraguan Institute of Cinema (Nicaragua, 1979) Nicaraguan Institute of Cinema What Is the Cinema for Us? (Mauritania, 1979) Med Hondo Niamey Manifesto of African Filmmakers (Niger, 1982) FEPACI (Federation panafricaine des cineastes) Black Independent Filmmaking: A Statement by the Black Audio Film Collective (UK, 1983) John Akomfrah From Birth Certificate of the International School of Cinema and Television in San Antonio de Los Banos, Cuba, Nicknamed the School of Three Worlds (Cuba, 1986) Fernando Birri FeCAViP Manifesto (France, 199) Federation of Caribbean Audiovisual Professionals Final Communique of the First Frontline Film Festival and Workshop (Zimbabwe, 199) SADCC (South African Development Coordination Conference) Pocha Manifesto #1 (USA, 1994) Sandra Pena-Sarmiento Poor Cinema Manifesto (Cuba, 24) Humberto Solas Jollywood Manifesto (Haiti, 28) Cine Institute The Toronto Declaration: No Celebration of Occupation (Canada, 29) John Greyson, Naomi Klein, et al. 4. Gender, Feminist, Queer, Sexuality, and Porn Manifestos Woman's Place in Photoplay Production (USA, 1914) Alice Guy-Blache Hands Off Love (France, 1927) Maxime Alexandre, Louis Aragon, et al. The Perfect Filmic Appositeness of Maria Montez (USA, 1962) Jack Smith On Film No. 4 (In Taking the Bottoms of 365 Saints of Our Time) (UK, 1967) Yoko Ono Statement (USA, 1969) Kenneth Anger Wet Dream Film Festival Manifesto (The Netherlands, 197) S.E.L.F. (Sexual Egalitarianism and Libertarian Fraternity) Women's Cinema as Counter-Cinema (UK, 1973) Claire Johnston Manifesto for a Non-sexist Cinema (Canada, 1974) FECIP (Federation europeenne du cinema progressiste) Womanifesto (USA, 1975) Feminists in the Media Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (UK, 1975) Laura Mulvey An Egret in the Porno Swamp: Notes of Sex in the Cinema (Sweden, 1977) Vilgot Sjoman For the Self-Expression of the Arab Woman (France, 1978) Heiny Srour, Salma Baccar, and Magda Wassef Manifesto of the Women Filmmakers (West Germany, 1979) Verband der Filmarbeiterinnen Wimmin's Fire Brigade Communique (Canada, 1982) Wimmin's Fire Brigade Thoughts on Women's Cinema: Eating Words, Voicing Struggles (USA, 1986) Yvonne Rainer The Post Porn Modernist Manifesto (USA, 1989) Annie Sprinkle, Veronica Vera, et al. Statement of African Women Professionals of Cinema, Television and Video (Burkina Faso, 1991) FEPACI (Federation panafricaine des cineastes) Puzzy Power Manifesto: Thoughts on Women and Pornography (Denmark, 1998) Vibeke Windelov, Lene Borglum, et al. Cinema with Tits (Spain, 1998) Iciar Bollain My Porn Manifesto (France, 22) Ovidie No More Mr. Nice Gay: A Manifesto (USA, 29) Todd Verow Barefoot Filmmaking Manifesto (UK, 29) Sally Potter Dirty Diaries Manifesto (Sweden, 29) Mia Engberg 5. Militating Hollywood Code to Govern the Making of Talking, Synchronized and Silent Motion Pictures (Motion Picture Production Code) (USA, 193) Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America Red Films: Soviets Spreading Doctrine in U.S. Theatres (USA, 1935) William Randolph Hearst Statement of Principles (USA, 1944) Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals Screen Guide for Americans (USA, 1947) Ayn Rand White Elephant Art vs. Termite Art (USA, 1962) Manny Farber Super Fly: A Summary of Objections by the Kuumba Workshop (USA, 1972) Kuumba Workshop The World Is Changing: Some Thoughts on Our Business (USA, 1991) Jeffrey Katzenberg Full Frontal Manifesto (USA, 21) Steven Soderbergh 6. The Creative Treatment of Actuality Towards a Social Cinema (France, 193) Jean Vigo From "First Principles of Documentary" (UK, 1932) John Grierson Manifesto on the Documentary Film (UK, 1933) Oswell Blakeston Declaration of the Group of Thirty (France, 1953) Jean Painleve, Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Alain Resnais, et al. Initial Statement of the Newsreel (USA, 1967) New York Newsreel Nowsreel, or the Potentialities of a Political Cinema (USA, 197) Robert Kramer, New York Newsreel Documentary Filmmakers Make Their Case (Poland, 1971) Bohdan Kosinski, Krzysztof Kieslowski, and Tomasz Zygadlo The Asian Filmmakers at Yamagata YIDFF Manifesto (Japan, 1989) Kidlat Tahimik, Stephen Teo, et al. Minnesota Declaration: Truth and Fact in Documentary Cinema (Germany, 1999) Werner Herzog Defocus Manifesto (Denmark, 2) Lars von Trier Kill the Documentary as We Know It (USA, 22) Jill Godmilow Ethnographic Cinema (EC): A Manifesto{ths}/{ths}A Provocation (USA, 23) Jay Ruby Reality Cinema Manifesto (Russia, 25) Vitaly Manskiy Documentary Manifesto (USA, 28) Albert Maysles China Independent Film Festival Manifesto: Shamans * Animals (People's Republic of China, 211) By several documentary filmmakers who participated and also who did not participate in the festival 7. States, Dictatorships, the Comintern, and Theocracies Capture the Film! Hints on the Use of, Out of the Use of, Proletarian Film Propaganda (USA, 1925) Willi Munzenberg The Legion of Decency Pledge (USA, 1938) Archbishop John McNicholas Creative Film (Germany, 1935) Joseph Goebbels Vigilanti Cura: On Motion Pictures (Vatican City, 1936) Pope Pius XI Four Cardinal Points of A Revolucao de Maio (Portugal, 1937) Antonio Lopes Ribeiro From On the Art of Cinema (North Korea, 1973) Kim Jong-il 8. Archives, Museums, Festivals, and Cinematheques A New Source of History: The Creation of a Depository for Historical Cinematography (Poland/France, 1898) Boleslaw Matuszewski The Film Prayer (USA, c. 192) A. P. Hollis The Film Society (UK, 1925) Iris Barry Filmliga Manifesto (The Netherlands, 1927) Joris Ivens, Henrik Scholte, Men'no Ter Bbaak, et al. Statement of Purposes (USA, 1948) Amos Vogel, Cinema 16 The Importance of Film Archives (UK, 1948) Ernest Lindgren A Plea for a Canadian Film Archive (Canada, 1949) Hye Bossin Open Letter to Film-Makers of the World (USA, 1966) Jonas Mekas A Declaration from the Committee for the Defense of La Cinematheque francaise (France, 1968) Committee for the Defense of La Cinematheque francaise Filmmakers versus the Museum of Modern Art (USA, 1969) Hollis Frampton, Ken Jacobs, and Michael Snow Anthology Film Archives Manifesto (USA, 197) P. Adams Sitney Toward an Ethnographic Film Archive (USA, 1971) Alan Lomax Brooklyn Babylon Cinema Manifesto (USA, 1998) Scott Miller Berry and Stephen Kent Jusick Don't Throw Film Away: The FIAF 7th Anniversary Manifesto (France, 28) Hisashi Okajima and La federation internationale des archives du film Manifesto Working Group The Lindgren Manifesto: The Film Curator of the Future (Italy, 21) Paolo Cherchi Usai Film Festival Form: A Manifesto (UK, 212) Mark Cousins 9. Sounds and Silence A Statement on Sound (USSR, 1928) Sergei Eisenstein, Vsevolod Pudovkin, and Grigori Alexandrov A Rejection of the Talkies (USA, 1931) Charlie Chaplin A Dialogue on Sound: A Manifesto (UK, 1934) Basil Wright and B. Vivian Braun Amalfi Manifesto (Italy, 1967) Michelangelo Antonioni, Bernardo Bertolucci, Pier Paolo Pasolini, et al. 10. The Digital Revolution Culture: Intercom and Expanded Cinema: A Proposal and Manifesto (USA, 1966) Stan VanDerBeek The Digital Revolution and the Future Cinema (Iran, 2) Samira Makhmalbaf The Pluginmanifesto (UK, 21) Ana Kronschnabl Digital Dekalogo: A Manifesto for a Filmless Philippines (The Philippines, 23) Khavn de la Cruz 11. Aesthetics and the Futures of the Cinema The Birth of the Sixth Art (France, 1911) Ricciotto Canudo Memo from Walt Disney to Don Graham (USA, 1935) Walt Disney The Birth of a New Avant Garde: La camera-stylo (France, 1948) Alexandre Astruc From Preface to Film (UK, 1954) Raymond Williams The Snakeskin (Sweden, 1965) Ingmar Bergman Manifesto (Italy, 1965) Roberto Rossellini, Bernardo Bertolucci, Tinto Brass, et al. Manifesto on the Release of La Chinoise (France, 1967) Jean-Luc Godard Direct Action Cinema Manifesto (USA, 1985) Rob Nilsson Remodernist Film Manifesto (USA, 28) Jesse Richards The Age of Amateur Cinema Will Return (People's Republic of China, 21) Jia Zhangke Appendix. What Is a Manifesto Film? Notes Acknowledgments of Permissions Index

Scott MacKenzie is Adjunct Professor of FiIm and Media Studies at Queen's University in Ontario. He is co-editor of The Perils of Pedagogy: The Works of John Greyson (2013) and author of Screening Quebec: Quebecois Moving Images, National Identity and the Public Sphere (2004).

"The most important film book of the year ... required reading for both students and lovers of cinema." CHOICE

• Acknowledgments Introduction. "An Invention without a Future" 1. The Avant-Garde(s) The Futurist Cinema (Italy, 1916) F.T. Marinetti, Bruno Corra, et al. Lenin Decree (USSR, 1919) Vladimir Ilyich Lenin The ABCs of Cinema (France, 1917--1921) Blaise Cendrars WE: Variant of a Manifesto (USSR, 1922) Dziga Vertov The Method of Making Workers' Films (USSR, 1925) Sergei Eisenstein Constructivism in the Cinema (USSR, 1928) Alexei Gan Preface: Un chien Andalou (France, 1928) Luis Bunuel Manifesto of the Surrealists Concerning L'Age d'or (France, 193) The Surrealist Group Manifesto on "Que Viva Mexico" (USA, 1933) The Editors of Experimental Film Spirit of Truth (France, 1933) Le Corbusier An Open Letter to the Film Industry and to All Who Are Interested in the Evolution of the Good Film (Hungary, 1934) Laszlo Moholy-Nagy Light*Form*Movement*Sound (USA, 1935) Mary Ellen Bute Prolegomena for All Future Cinema (France, 1952) Guy Debord No More Flat Feet! (France, 1952) Lettriste International The Lettristes Disavow the Insulters of Chaplin (France, 1952) Jean-Isidore Isou, Maurice Lemaitre, and Gabriel Pomerand The Only Dynamic Art (USA, 1953) Jim Davis A Statement of Principles (USA, 1961) Maya Deren The First Statement of the New American Cinema Group (USA, 1961) New American Cinema Group Foundation for the Invention and Creation of Absurd Movies (USA, 1962) Ron Rice From Metaphors on Vision (USA, 1963) Stan Brakhage Kuchar 8mm Film Manifesto (USA, 1964) George Kuchar Film Andepandan [Independents] Manifesto (Japan, 1964) Takahiko Iimura, Koichiro Ishizaki, et al. Discontinuous Films (Canada, 1967) Keewatin Dewdney Hand-Made Films Manifesto (Australia, 1968) Ubu Films, Thoms Cinema Manifesto (Australia, 1971) Arthur Cantrill and Corinne Cantrill For a Metahistory of Film: Commonplace Notes and Hypotheses (USA, 1971) Hollis Frampton Elements of the Void (Greece, 1972) Gregory Markopoulos Small Gauge Manifesto (USA, 198) JoAnn Elam and Chuck Kleinhans Cinema of Transgression Manifesto (USA, 1985) Nick Zedd Modern, All Too Modern (USA, 1988) Keith Sanborn Open Letter to the Experimental Film Congress: Let's Set the Record Straight (Canada, 1989) Peggy Ahwesh, Caroline Avery, et al. Anti-1 Years of Cinema Manifesto (USA, 1996) Jonas Mekas The Decalogue (Czech Republic, 1999) Jan Svankmajer Your Film Farm Manifesto on Process Cinema (Canada, 212) Philip Hoffman 2. National and Transnational Cinemas From "The Glass Eye" (Italy, 1933) Leo Longanesi The Archers' Manifesto (UK, 1942) Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger What Is Wrong with Indian Films? (India, 1948) Satyajit Ray Bunuel the Poet (Mexico, 1951) Octavio Paz French Cinema Is Over (France, 1952) Serge Berna, Guy Debord, et al. Some Ideas on the Cinema (Italy, 1953) Cesare Zavattini A Certain Tendency in French Cinema (France, 1954) Francois Truffaut Salamanca Manifesto & Conclusions of the Congress of Salamanca (Spain, 1955) Juan Antonio Bardem Free Cinema Manifestos (UK, 1956--1959) Committee for Free Cinema The Oberhausen Manifesto (West Germany, 1962) Alexander Kluge, Edgar Reitz, et al. Untitled [Oberhausen 1965] (West Germany, 1965) Jean-Marie Straub, Rodolf Thome, Dirk Alvermann, et al. The Mannheim Declaration (West Germany, 1967) Joseph von Sternberg, Alexander Kluge, et al. Sitges Manifesto (Spain, 1967) Manuel Revuelta, Antonio Artero, Joachin Jorda, and Julian Marcos How to Make a Canadian Film (Canada, 1967) Guy Glover How to Not Make a Canadian Film (Canada, 1967) Claude Jutra From "The Estates General of the French Cinema, May 1968" (France, 1968) Thierry Derocles, Michel Demoule, Claude Chabrol, and Marin Karmitz Manifesto of the New Cinema Movement (India, 1968) Arun Kaul and Mrinal Sen What Is to Be Done? (France, 197) Jean-Luc Godard The Winnipeg Manifesto (Canada, 1974) Denys Arcand, Colin Low, Don Shebib, et al. Hamburg Declaration of German Filmmakers (West Germany, 1979) Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Werner Herzog, Wim Wenders, et al. Manifesto I (Denmark, 1984) Lars von Trier Manifesto II (Denmark, 1987) Lars von Trier Manifesto III: I Confess! (Denmark, 199) Lars von Trier The Cinema We Need (Canada, 1985) R. Bruce Elder Pathways to the Establishment of a Nigerian Film Industry (Nigeria, 1985) Ola Balogun Manifesto of 1988 (German Democratic Republic, 1988) Young DEFA Filmmakers In Praise of a Poor Cinema (Scotland, 1993) Colin McArthur Dogme '95 Manifesto and Vow of Chastity (Denmark, 1995) Lars von Trier and Thomas Vinterberg I Sinema Manifesto (Indonesia, 1999) Dimas Djayadinigrat, Enison Sinaro, et al. 3. Third Cinemas, Colonialism, Decolonization, and Postcolonialism Manifesto of the New Cinema Group (Mexico, 1961) El grupo nuevo cine Cinema and Underdevelopment (Argentina, 1962) Fernando Birri The Aesthetics of Hunger (Brazil, 1965) Glauber Rocha For an Imperfect Cinema (Cuba, 1969) Julio Garcia Espinosa Towards a Third Cinema: Notes and Experiences for the Development of a Cinema of Liberation in the Third World (Argentina, 1969) Fernando Solanas and Octavio Getino Film Makers and the Popular Government Political Manifesto (Chile, 197) Comite de cine de la unidad popular Consciousness of a Need (Uruguay, 197) Mario Handler Militant Cinema: An Internal Category of Third Cinema (Argentina, 1971) Octavio Getino and Fernando Solanas For Colombia 1971: Militancy and Cinema (Colombia, 1971) Carlos Alvarez The Cinema: Another Face of Colonised Quebec (Canada, 1971) Association professionnelle des cineastes du Quebec 8 Millimeters versus 8 Millions (Mexico, 1972) Jaime Humberto Hermosillo, Arturo Ripstein, Paul Leduc, et al. Manifesto of the Palestinian Cinema Group (Palestine, 1973) Palestinian Cinema Group Resolutions of the Third World Filmmakers Meeting (Algeria, 1973) Fernando Birri, Ousmane Sembene, Jorge Silva, et al. The Luz e Acao Manifesto (Brazil, 1973) Carlos Diegues, Glauber Rocha, et al. Problems of Form and Content in Revolutionary Cinema (Bolivia, 1976) Jorge Sanjines Manifesto of the National Front of Cinematographers (Mexico, 1975) Paul Leduc, Jorge Fons, et al. The Algiers Charter on African Cinema (Algeria, 1975) FEPACI (Federation panafricaine des cineastes) Declaration of Principles and Goals of the Nicaraguan Institute of Cinema (Nicaragua, 1979) Nicaraguan Institute of Cinema What Is the Cinema for Us? (Mauritania, 1979) Med Hondo Niamey Manifesto of African Filmmakers (Niger, 1982) FEPACI (Federation panafricaine des cineastes) Black Independent Filmmaking: A Statement by the Black Audio Film Collective (UK, 1983) John Akomfrah From Birth Certificate of the International School of Cinema and Television in San Antonio de Los Banos, Cuba, Nicknamed the School of Three Worlds (Cuba, 1986) Fernando Birri FeCAViP Manifesto (France, 199) Federation of Caribbean Audiovisual Professionals Final Communique of the First Frontline Film Festival and Workshop (Zimbabwe, 199) SADCC (South African Development Coordination Conference) Pocha Manifesto #1 (USA, 1994) Sandra Pena-Sarmiento Poor Cinema Manifesto (Cuba, 24) Humberto Solas Jollywood Manifesto (Haiti, 28) Cine Institute The Toronto Declaration: No Celebration of Occupation (Canada, 29) John Greyson, Naomi Klein, et al. 4. Gender, Feminist, Queer, Sexuality, and Porn Manifestos Woman's Place in Photoplay Production (USA, 1914) Alice Guy-Blache Hands Off Love (France, 1927) Maxime Alexandre, Louis Aragon, et al. The Perfect Filmic Appositeness of Maria Montez (USA, 1962) Jack Smith On Film No. 4 (In Taking the Bottoms of 365 Saints of Our Time) (UK, 1967) Yoko Ono Statement (USA, 1969) Kenneth Anger Wet Dream Film Festival Manifesto (The Netherlands, 197) S.E.L.F. (Sexual Egalitarianism and Libertarian Fraternity) Women's Cinema as Counter-Cinema (UK, 1973) Claire Johnston Manifesto for a Non-sexist Cinema (Canada, 1974) FECIP (Federation europeenne du cinema progressiste) Womanifesto (USA, 1975) Feminists in the Media Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema (UK, 1975) Laura Mulvey An Egret in the Porno Swamp: Notes of Sex in the Cinema (Sweden, 1977) Vilgot Sjoman For the Self-Expression of the Arab Woman (France, 1978) Heiny Srour, Salma Baccar, and Magda Wassef Manifesto of the Women Filmmakers (West Germany, 1979) Verband der Filmarbeiterinnen Wimmin's Fire Brigade Communique (Canada, 1982) Wimmin's Fire Brigade Thoughts on Women's Cinema: Eating Words, Voicing Struggles (USA, 1986) Yvonne Rainer The Post Porn Modernist Manifesto (USA, 1989) Annie Sprinkle, Veronica Vera, et al. Statement of African Women Professionals of Cinema, Television and Video (Burkina Faso, 1991) FEPACI (Federation panafricaine des cineastes) Puzzy Power Manifesto: Thoughts on Women and Pornography (Denmark, 1998) Vibeke Windelov, Lene Borglum, et al. Cinema with Tits (Spain, 1998) Iciar Bollain My Porn Manifesto (France, 22) Ovidie No More Mr. Nice Gay: A Manifesto (USA, 29) Todd Verow Barefoot Filmmaking Manifesto (UK, 29) Sally Potter Dirty Diaries Manifesto (Sweden, 29) Mia Engberg 5. Militating Hollywood Code to Govern the Making of Talking, Synchronized and Silent Motion Pictures (Motion Picture Production Code) (USA, 193) Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America Red Films: Soviets Spreading Doctrine in U.S. Theatres (USA, 1935) William Randolph Hearst Statement of Principles (USA, 1944) Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals Screen Guide for Americans (USA, 1947) Ayn Rand White Elephant Art vs. Termite Art (USA, 1962) Manny Farber Super Fly: A Summary of Objections by the Kuumba Workshop (USA, 1972) Kuumba Workshop The World Is Changing: Some Thoughts on Our Business (USA, 1991) Jeffrey Katzenberg Full Frontal Manifesto (USA, 21) Steven Soderbergh 6. The Creative Treatment of Actuality Towards a Social Cinema (France, 193) Jean Vigo From "First Principles of Documentary" (UK, 1932) John Grierson Manifesto on the Documentary Film (UK, 1933) Oswell Blakeston Declaration of the Group of Thirty (France, 1953) Jean Painleve, Jacques-Yves Cousteau, Alain Resnais, et al. Initial Statement of the Newsreel (USA, 1967) New York Newsreel Nowsreel, or the Potentialities of a Political Cinema (USA, 197) Robert Kramer, New York Newsreel Documentary Filmmakers Make Their Case (Poland, 1971) Bohdan Kosinski, Krzysztof Kieslowski, and Tomasz Zygadlo The Asian Filmmakers at Yamagata YIDFF Manifesto (Japan, 1989) Kidlat Tahimik, Stephen Teo, et al. Minnesota Declaration: Truth and Fact in Documentary Cinema (Germany, 1999) Werner Herzog Defocus Manifesto (Denmark, 2) Lars von Trier Kill the Documentary as We Know It (USA, 22) Jill Godmilow Ethnographic Cinema (EC): A Manifesto{ths}/{ths}A Provocation (USA, 23) Jay Ruby Reality Cinema Manifesto (Russia, 25) Vitaly Manskiy Documentary Manifesto (USA, 28) Albert Maysles China Independent Film Festival Manifesto: Shamans * Animals (People's Republic of China, 211) By several documentary filmmakers who participated and also who did not participate in the festival 7. States, Dictatorships, the Comintern, and Theocracies Capture the Film! Hints on the Use of, Out of the Use of, Proletarian Film Propaganda (USA, 1925) Willi Munzenberg The Legion of Decency Pledge (USA, 1938) Archbishop John McNicholas Creative Film (Germany, 1935) Joseph Goebbels Vigilanti Cura: On Motion Pictures (Vatican City, 1936) Pope Pius XI Four Cardinal Points of A Revolucao de Maio (Portugal, 1937) Antonio Lopes Ribeiro From On the Art of Cinema (North Korea, 1973) Kim Jong-il 8. Archives, Museums, Festivals, and Cinematheques A New Source of History: The Creation of a Depository for Historical Cinematography (Poland/France, 1898) Boleslaw Matuszewski The Film Prayer (USA, c. 192) A. P. Hollis The Film Society (UK, 1925) Iris Barry Filmliga Manifesto (The Netherlands, 1927) Joris Ivens, Henrik Scholte, Men'no Ter Bbaak, et al. Statement of Purposes (USA, 1948) Amos Vogel, Cinema 16 The Importance of Film Archives (UK, 1948) Ernest Lindgren A Plea for a Canadian Film Archive (Canada, 1949) Hye Bossin Open Letter to Film-Makers of the World (USA, 1966) Jonas Mekas A Declaration from the Committee for the Defense of La Cinematheque francaise (France, 1968) Committee for the Defense of La Cinematheque francaise Filmmakers versus the Museum of Modern Art (USA, 1969) Hollis Frampton, Ken Jacobs, and Michael Snow Anthology Film Archives Manifesto (USA, 197) P. Adams Sitney Toward an Ethnographic Film Archive (USA, 1971) Alan Lomax Brooklyn Babylon Cinema Manifesto (USA, 1998) Scott Miller Berry and Stephen Kent Jusick Don't Throw Film Away: The FIAF 7th Anniversary Manifesto (France, 28) Hisashi Okajima and La federation internationale des archives du film Manifesto Working Group The Lindgren Manifesto: The Film Curator of the Future (Italy, 21) Paolo Cherchi Usai Film Festival Form: A Manifesto (UK, 212) Mark Cousins 9. Sounds and Silence A Statement on Sound (USSR, 1928) Sergei Eisenstein, Vsevolod Pudovkin, and Grigori Alexandrov A Rejection of the Talkies (USA, 1931) Charlie Chaplin A Dialogue on Sound: A Manifesto (UK, 1934) Basil Wright and B. Vivian Braun Amalfi Manifesto (Italy, 1967) Michelangelo Antonioni, Bernardo Bertolucci, Pier Paolo Pasolini, et al. 10. The Digital Revolution Culture: Intercom and Expanded Cinema: A Proposal and Manifesto (USA, 1966) Stan VanDerBeek The Digital Revolution and the Future Cinema (Iran, 2) Samira Makhmalbaf The Pluginmanifesto (UK, 21) Ana Kronschnabl Digital Dekalogo: A Manifesto for a Filmless Philippines (The Philippines, 23) Khavn de la Cruz 11. Aesthetics and the Futures of the Cinema The Birth of the Sixth Art (France, 1911) Ricciotto Canudo Memo from Walt Disney to Don Graham (USA, 1935) Walt Disney The Birth of a New Avant Garde: La camera-stylo (France, 1948) Alexandre Astruc From Preface to Film (UK, 1954) Raymond Williams The Snakeskin (Sweden, 1965) Ingmar Bergman Manifesto (Italy, 1965) Roberto Rossellini, Bernardo Bertolucci, Tinto Brass, et al. Manifesto on the Release of La Chinoise (France, 1967) Jean-Luc Godard Direct Action Cinema Manifesto (USA, 1985) Rob Nilsson Remodernist Film Manifesto (USA, 28) Jesse Richards The Age of Amateur Cinema Will Return (People's Republic of China, 21) Jia Zhangke Appendix. What Is a Manifesto Film? Notes Acknowledgments of Permissions Index