Steven M. Emmanuel is Professor of Philosophy at Virginia Wesleyan College. He is author of Kierkegaard & the Concept of Revelation (1996).

"Steven Emmanuel has done an impressive job of assembling a distinguished group of authors who give us a very helpful guide to the modern philosophers. With an eye to bringing us 'up to speed' on the more recent scholarship, the contributors provide a timely, readable, and highly worthwhile collection." John Fischer, University of California, Riverside "This is a wonderful resource! It provides a valuable service by drawing on experts for eminently clear and engaging narratives. I expect to refer to it often." M. Jamie Ferreira, University of Virginia "This book is a worthy acquisition." R.H. Nash, Reformed Theological Seminary, Choice, January 2001 "A superb volume...Each essay is clearly written, with most or all jargon carefully explained. By far this book's greatest asset...is the extraordinary way in which Emmanuel gets the different authors to provide, as if in concert, a chronological development of the main ideas of the period. Emmanuel's beautiful volume can, I think, very richly supplement a student's exposure to the period for those figures whose work receives little or no space on the syllabus." Patrick Mooney, John Carroll University, THES, 1/6/01

• List of Contributors viiPreface x1 René Descartes (1596-1650) 1Gary Hatfield 2 Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) 28A. P. Martinich 3 Benedict de Spinoza (1632-77) 43Don Garrett 4 Nicolas Malebranche (1638-1715) 61Steven Nadler 5 G. W. Leibniz (1646-1716) 78Donald Rutherford 6 John Locke (1632-1704) 101Martha Brandt Bolton 7 George Berkeley (1685-1753) 127George Pappas 8 David Hume (1711-76) 148David Fate Norton 9 Thomas Reid (1710-96) 179Ernest Sosa and James Van Cleve 10 Jean – Jacques Rousseau (1712-88) 201N. J. H. Dent11 Immanuel Kant (1724-18047) 223Patricia Kitcher 12 Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) 259Ross Harrison 13 G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831) 278Stephen Houlgate 14 Søren Kiekegaard (1813-55) 306C. Stephen Evans 15 Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) 326Christopher Janaway 16 John Stuart Mill (1806-73) 343Wendy Donner and Richard Fumerton 17 Karl Marx (1818-83) 370Terrell Carver 18 Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) 390Richard Schacht Select Bibliography 412Index 415

Steven M. Emmanuel is Professor of Philosophy at Virginia Wesleyan College. He is author of Kierkegaard & the Concept of Revelation (1996).

"Steven Emmanuel has done an impressive job of assembling a distinguished group of authors who give us a very helpful guide to the modern philosophers. With an eye to bringing us 'up to speed' on the more recent scholarship, the contributors provide a timely, readable, and highly worthwhile collection." John Fischer, University of California, Riverside "This is a wonderful resource! It provides a valuable service by drawing on experts for eminently clear and engaging narratives. I expect to refer to it often." M. Jamie Ferreira, University of Virginia "This book is a worthy acquisition." R.H. Nash, Reformed Theological Seminary, Choice, January 2001 "A superb volume...Each essay is clearly written, with most or all jargon carefully explained. By far this book's greatest asset...is the extraordinary way in which Emmanuel gets the different authors to provide, as if in concert, a chronological development of the main ideas of the period. Emmanuel's beautiful volume can, I think, very richly supplement a student's exposure to the period for those figures whose work receives little or no space on the syllabus." Patrick Mooney, John Carroll University, THES, 1/6/01

• List of Contributors viiPreface x1 René Descartes (1596-1650) 1Gary Hatfield 2 Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) 28A. P. Martinich 3 Benedict de Spinoza (1632-77) 43Don Garrett 4 Nicolas Malebranche (1638-1715) 61Steven Nadler 5 G. W. Leibniz (1646-1716) 78Donald Rutherford 6 John Locke (1632-1704) 101Martha Brandt Bolton 7 George Berkeley (1685-1753) 127George Pappas 8 David Hume (1711-76) 148David Fate Norton 9 Thomas Reid (1710-96) 179Ernest Sosa and James Van Cleve 10 Jean – Jacques Rousseau (1712-88) 201N. J. H. Dent11 Immanuel Kant (1724-18047) 223Patricia Kitcher 12 Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) 259Ross Harrison 13 G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831) 278Stephen Houlgate 14 Søren Kiekegaard (1813-55) 306C. Stephen Evans 15 Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) 326Christopher Janaway 16 John Stuart Mill (1806-73) 343Wendy Donner and Richard Fumerton 17 Karl Marx (1818-83) 370Terrell Carver 18 Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) 390Richard Schacht Select Bibliography 412Index 415

Steven M. Emmanuel is Professor of Philosophy at Virginia Wesleyan College. He is author of Kierkegaard & the Concept of Revelation (1996).

"Steven Emmanuel has done an impressive job of assembling a distinguished group of authors who give us a very helpful guide to the modern philosophers. With an eye to bringing us 'up to speed' on the more recent scholarship, the contributors provide a timely, readable, and highly worthwhile collection." John Fischer, University of California, Riverside "This is a wonderful resource! It provides a valuable service by drawing on experts for eminently clear and engaging narratives. I expect to refer to it often." M. Jamie Ferreira, University of Virginia "This book is a worthy acquisition." R.H. Nash, Reformed Theological Seminary, Choice, January 2001 "A superb volume...Each essay is clearly written, with most or all jargon carefully explained. By far this book's greatest asset...is the extraordinary way in which Emmanuel gets the different authors to provide, as if in concert, a chronological development of the main ideas of the period. Emmanuel's beautiful volume can, I think, very richly supplement a student's exposure to the period for those figures whose work receives little or no space on the syllabus." Patrick Mooney, John Carroll University, THES, 1/6/01

• List of Contributors viiPreface x1 René Descartes (1596-1650) 1Gary Hatfield 2 Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) 28A. P. Martinich 3 Benedict de Spinoza (1632-77) 43Don Garrett 4 Nicolas Malebranche (1638-1715) 61Steven Nadler 5 G. W. Leibniz (1646-1716) 78Donald Rutherford 6 John Locke (1632-1704) 101Martha Brandt Bolton 7 George Berkeley (1685-1753) 127George Pappas 8 David Hume (1711-76) 148David Fate Norton 9 Thomas Reid (1710-96) 179Ernest Sosa and James Van Cleve 10 Jean – Jacques Rousseau (1712-88) 201N. J. H. Dent11 Immanuel Kant (1724-18047) 223Patricia Kitcher 12 Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) 259Ross Harrison 13 G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831) 278Stephen Houlgate 14 Søren Kiekegaard (1813-55) 306C. Stephen Evans 15 Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) 326Christopher Janaway 16 John Stuart Mill (1806-73) 343Wendy Donner and Richard Fumerton 17 Karl Marx (1818-83) 370Terrell Carver 18 Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) 390Richard Schacht Select Bibliography 412Index 415