Caryl L. Elzinga and Daniel W. Salzer are the authors of Monitoring Plant and Animal Populations: A Handbook for Field Biologists, published by Wiley.

"A handbook to help field biologists and land managers cope with monitoring is a worthwhile product." Professor Michael McGowan, San Francisco State University "Such a text could easily form the basis for undergraduate and graduate courses in institutions having programs which include wildlife, fisheries, ecology, or conservation biology. It would also be important reading for state and federal agency personnel and all those biologists involved in the ecological consulting field." Professor Gary Vinyard, University of Nevada at Reno "One of the most intractable problems facing ecologists and conservationists conducting manipulative experiments on ecosystems is monitoring the outcome. Without such monitoring the experiments, of course, are worthless, so careful considerations of experimental design and recording techniques prior to the establishment of the manipulations are always worthwhile, and it is here that this practical manual seeks to exist." Bulletin of the British Ecological Society, 2002

• Preface viiChapter 1 Introduction to Monitoring 1Chapter 2 Monitoring Overview 11Chapter 3 Selecting Among Priorities 21Chapter 4 Qualitative Techniques For Monitoring 37Chapter 5 General Field Techniques 49Chapter 6 Data Collection and Data Management 65Chapter 7 Basic Principles of Sampling 75Chapter 8 Sampling Design 101Chapter 9 Statistical Analysis 149Chapter 10 Analysis of Trends 185Chapter 11 Selecting Random Samples 195Chapter 12 Field Techniques For Measuring Vegetation 205Chapter 13 Specialized Sampling Methods and Field Techniques For Animals 231Chapter 14 Objectives 247Chapter 15 Communication and Monitoring Plans 271Appendix I: Monitoring Communities 283Appendix II: Sample Size Equations 299Appendix III: Confidence Interval Equations 319Appendix IV: Sample Size and Confidence Intervals For Complex Sampling Designs 329Literature Cited 339Index 353

Caryl L. Elzinga and Daniel W. Salzer are the authors of Monitoring Plant and Animal Populations: A Handbook for Field Biologists, published by Wiley.

"A handbook to help field biologists and land managers cope with monitoring is a worthwhile product." Professor Michael McGowan, San Francisco State University "Such a text could easily form the basis for undergraduate and graduate courses in institutions having programs which include wildlife, fisheries, ecology, or conservation biology. It would also be important reading for state and federal agency personnel and all those biologists involved in the ecological consulting field." Professor Gary Vinyard, University of Nevada at Reno "One of the most intractable problems facing ecologists and conservationists conducting manipulative experiments on ecosystems is monitoring the outcome. Without such monitoring the experiments, of course, are worthless, so careful considerations of experimental design and recording techniques prior to the establishment of the manipulations are always worthwhile, and it is here that this practical manual seeks to exist." Bulletin of the British Ecological Society, 2002

• Preface viiChapter 1 Introduction to Monitoring 1Chapter 2 Monitoring Overview 11Chapter 3 Selecting Among Priorities 21Chapter 4 Qualitative Techniques For Monitoring 37Chapter 5 General Field Techniques 49Chapter 6 Data Collection and Data Management 65Chapter 7 Basic Principles of Sampling 75Chapter 8 Sampling Design 101Chapter 9 Statistical Analysis 149Chapter 10 Analysis of Trends 185Chapter 11 Selecting Random Samples 195Chapter 12 Field Techniques For Measuring Vegetation 205Chapter 13 Specialized Sampling Methods and Field Techniques For Animals 231Chapter 14 Objectives 247Chapter 15 Communication and Monitoring Plans 271Appendix I: Monitoring Communities 283Appendix II: Sample Size Equations 299Appendix III: Confidence Interval Equations 319Appendix IV: Sample Size and Confidence Intervals For Complex Sampling Designs 329Literature Cited 339Index 353

Caryl L. Elzinga and Daniel W. Salzer are the authors of Monitoring Plant and Animal Populations: A Handbook for Field Biologists, published by Wiley.

"A handbook to help field biologists and land managers cope with monitoring is a worthwhile product." Professor Michael McGowan, San Francisco State University "Such a text could easily form the basis for undergraduate and graduate courses in institutions having programs which include wildlife, fisheries, ecology, or conservation biology. It would also be important reading for state and federal agency personnel and all those biologists involved in the ecological consulting field." Professor Gary Vinyard, University of Nevada at Reno "One of the most intractable problems facing ecologists and conservationists conducting manipulative experiments on ecosystems is monitoring the outcome. Without such monitoring the experiments, of course, are worthless, so careful considerations of experimental design and recording techniques prior to the establishment of the manipulations are always worthwhile, and it is here that this practical manual seeks to exist." Bulletin of the British Ecological Society, 2002

• Preface viiChapter 1 Introduction to Monitoring 1Chapter 2 Monitoring Overview 11Chapter 3 Selecting Among Priorities 21Chapter 4 Qualitative Techniques For Monitoring 37Chapter 5 General Field Techniques 49Chapter 6 Data Collection and Data Management 65Chapter 7 Basic Principles of Sampling 75Chapter 8 Sampling Design 101Chapter 9 Statistical Analysis 149Chapter 10 Analysis of Trends 185Chapter 11 Selecting Random Samples 195Chapter 12 Field Techniques For Measuring Vegetation 205Chapter 13 Specialized Sampling Methods and Field Techniques For Animals 231Chapter 14 Objectives 247Chapter 15 Communication and Monitoring Plans 271Appendix I: Monitoring Communities 283Appendix II: Sample Size Equations 299Appendix III: Confidence Interval Equations 319Appendix IV: Sample Size and Confidence Intervals For Complex Sampling Designs 329Literature Cited 339Index 353