Jeffrey R. Henig is Professor of Political Science and Education at Teachers College and Professor of Political Science at Columbia University. His books include "The Color of School Reform" (Princeton), named by the American Political Science Association in 2000 as the best book published in urban politics, and "Rethinking School Choice" (Princeton). Wilbur C. Rich is Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College. His books include "Black Mayors and School Politics".

"'Mayors in the Middle' asks and answers the crucial questions education leaders and policymakers need to know about the role and impact of mayors in big cities. Using recent historical cases presented in detail, it demonstrates the very different political and educational trends in each city. Mayors can do some important things to improve education in big cities, but their impact will probably be limited and ephemeral."—Michael W. Kirst, Stanford University

• Acknowledgments vii List of Contributors ix PART 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter One Mayor-centrism in Context 3 Jeffrey R. Henig and Wilbur C. Rich PART 2 CASE STUDIES Chapter Two Baltimore: The Limits of Mayoral Control 27 Marion Orr Chapter Three Chicago: The National "Model" Reexamined 59 Dorothy Shipps Chapter Four Boston: Agenda Setting and School Reform in a Mayor-centric System 96 John Portz Chapter Five Detroit: "There Is Still a Long Road to Travel, and Success Is Far from Assured." 120 Jeffrey Mirel Chapter Six Cleveland: Takeovers and Makeovers Are Not the Same 159 Wilbur C. Rich and Stefanie Chambers Chapter Seven Washington, D.C.: Race, Issue Definition, and School Board Restructuring 191 Jeffrey R. Henig PART 3 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES Chapter Eight Structure, Politics, and Policy: The Logic of Mayoral Control 221 Kenneth J. Meier Chapter Nine Mayors and the Challenge of Modernization 232 Clarence N. Stone Chapter Ten Concluding Observations: Governance Structure as a Tool, Not a Solution 249 Jeffrey R. Henig and Wilbur C. Rich Index 267

Jeffrey R. Henig is Professor of Political Science and Education at Teachers College and Professor of Political Science at Columbia University. His books include "The Color of School Reform" (Princeton), named by the American Political Science Association in 2000 as the best book published in urban politics, and "Rethinking School Choice" (Princeton). Wilbur C. Rich is Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College. His books include "Black Mayors and School Politics".

"'Mayors in the Middle' asks and answers the crucial questions education leaders and policymakers need to know about the role and impact of mayors in big cities. Using recent historical cases presented in detail, it demonstrates the very different political and educational trends in each city. Mayors can do some important things to improve education in big cities, but their impact will probably be limited and ephemeral."—Michael W. Kirst, Stanford University

• Acknowledgments vii List of Contributors ix PART 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter One Mayor-centrism in Context 3 Jeffrey R. Henig and Wilbur C. Rich PART 2 CASE STUDIES Chapter Two Baltimore: The Limits of Mayoral Control 27 Marion Orr Chapter Three Chicago: The National "Model" Reexamined 59 Dorothy Shipps Chapter Four Boston: Agenda Setting and School Reform in a Mayor-centric System 96 John Portz Chapter Five Detroit: "There Is Still a Long Road to Travel, and Success Is Far from Assured." 120 Jeffrey Mirel Chapter Six Cleveland: Takeovers and Makeovers Are Not the Same 159 Wilbur C. Rich and Stefanie Chambers Chapter Seven Washington, D.C.: Race, Issue Definition, and School Board Restructuring 191 Jeffrey R. Henig PART 3 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES Chapter Eight Structure, Politics, and Policy: The Logic of Mayoral Control 221 Kenneth J. Meier Chapter Nine Mayors and the Challenge of Modernization 232 Clarence N. Stone Chapter Ten Concluding Observations: Governance Structure as a Tool, Not a Solution 249 Jeffrey R. Henig and Wilbur C. Rich Index 267

Jeffrey R. Henig is Professor of Political Science and Education at Teachers College and Professor of Political Science at Columbia University. His books include "The Color of School Reform" (Princeton), named by the American Political Science Association in 2000 as the best book published in urban politics, and "Rethinking School Choice" (Princeton). Wilbur C. Rich is Professor of Political Science at Wellesley College. His books include "Black Mayors and School Politics".

"'Mayors in the Middle' asks and answers the crucial questions education leaders and policymakers need to know about the role and impact of mayors in big cities. Using recent historical cases presented in detail, it demonstrates the very different political and educational trends in each city. Mayors can do some important things to improve education in big cities, but their impact will probably be limited and ephemeral."—Michael W. Kirst, Stanford University

• Acknowledgments vii List of Contributors ix PART 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter One Mayor-centrism in Context 3 Jeffrey R. Henig and Wilbur C. Rich PART 2 CASE STUDIES Chapter Two Baltimore: The Limits of Mayoral Control 27 Marion Orr Chapter Three Chicago: The National "Model" Reexamined 59 Dorothy Shipps Chapter Four Boston: Agenda Setting and School Reform in a Mayor-centric System 96 John Portz Chapter Five Detroit: "There Is Still a Long Road to Travel, and Success Is Far from Assured." 120 Jeffrey Mirel Chapter Six Cleveland: Takeovers and Makeovers Are Not the Same 159 Wilbur C. Rich and Stefanie Chambers Chapter Seven Washington, D.C.: Race, Issue Definition, and School Board Restructuring 191 Jeffrey R. Henig PART 3 THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES Chapter Eight Structure, Politics, and Policy: The Logic of Mayoral Control 221 Kenneth J. Meier Chapter Nine Mayors and the Challenge of Modernization 232 Clarence N. Stone Chapter Ten Concluding Observations: Governance Structure as a Tool, Not a Solution 249 Jeffrey R. Henig and Wilbur C. Rich Index 267