Jed Z. Buchwald is the Doris and Henry Dreyfuss Professor of History at the California Institute of Technology. His books include The Zodiac of Paris: How an Improbable Controversy over an Ancient Egyptian Artifact Provoked a Modern Debate between Religion and Science (Princeton). Mordechai Feingold is professor of history at the California Institute of Technology. He is the author of The Newtonian Moment: Isaac Newton and the Making of Modern Culture.

"This argument for intellectual unity in Newton's method of working gives Newton and the Origin of Civlization philosophical as well as historical originality and importance ... represents a climacteric in our understanding of its subject's life and thought."--Scott Mandelbrote, Times Literary Supplement "After Gibbon, however, Newton's work as a historian fell into a long oblivion, from which Frank Manuel rescued it in the 1960s; but his elegant study, Isaac Newton: Historian, has now been dwarfed by the labours of Buchwald and Feingold."--Jonathan Ree, London Review of Books "[T]he story that Buchwald and Feingold trace is a rich and complicated one. The debates are mathematically technical and require a good understanding of ancient Egyptian and classical mythology and biblical history. It would be advantageous for the reader to be fluent in these matters; however, given the nature of Newton's overall approach, this book would certainly benefit a more general reader, particularly one interested in debates about the reliability of textual accounts. This study also compliments scholarship on early modern studies of the Earth where mineralogists and geologists used the history of ancient civilizations as an analogy for establishing Earth chronology, and it potentially sheds light on the regular use of astronomy as a model for thinking about credible arguments in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century geology. As the first study to seriously engage with Newton as a chronologer since Frank Manuel's Isaac Newton, Historian (1963), Buchwald and Feingold's publication significantly adds to scholarly commentary on Newton."--Allison Ksiazkiewicz, British Journal for the History of Science "Buchwald and Feingold's publication significantly adds to scholarly commentary on Newton. The authors' detailed examination of the making of history in the early modern world clearly demonstrates Newton's novel approach in Chronology and its lasting influence on subsequent history writers who were governed by connoisseurship and taste rather than mathematical certainty."--Aluson Ksiazklliwicz, BJHS "Buchwald and Feingold have resuscitated erudite discussions that were dismissed some 300 years ago. As they point out, Newton's own meandering, copious comparisons between obscure minutiae seem designed to deter even the most stalwart of readers, but their own comprehensive account is written in an admirably lucid style. For anyone who shares their fascination with Newton's obsessions, but quails when confronted by his tortuous prose, they have rendered an invaluable service."--Patricia Fara, Metascience "Buchwald and Feingold's book is full of remarkable details, insights, and incidents... Certainly, the book is essential reading for anyone with a serious interest either in Newton or in the study of ancient history in the 17th and 18th centuries."--Ernest Davis, SIAM News "Buchwald and Feingold prove to be excellent guides through this material... They provide a detailed and authoritative commentary... [T]he authors have much to say that is new... Newton specialists should certainly read this book for the many insights the authors offer along the way into Newton's ways of thinking."--John Henry, Science & Education "Fascinating... [Newton and the Origin of Civilization] is ... the first serious attempt to solve what might be called the 'Newton three-body problem,' a conundrum at the very center of Newton scholarship today... [T]here is no better starting point for thinking about the Christian theology entangled in Newton's natural science than this book... [A] thoughtful, erudite, and insightful study."--J.B. Shank, Physics Today "Newton specialists should certainly read this book for the many insights the authors offer along the way into Newton's ways of thinking."--John Henry, Science and Education "Newton and the Origin of Civilization adds considerably to what we know about Newton as a historian and chronologist."--Margaret C. Jacob, Journal of American History "[N]o one interested in Newton's amazing contribution to science will fail to find in this book much that is of considerable interest... The discussion of evidence and why it needs the constraints of a theory that makes sense of what the senses so badly disclose is the best I have come across, and it will undoubtedly stimulate historians for a chronologically significant period of time."--William R. Shea, International Archive of the History of Science "The authors present a well-crafted argument in an accessible yet scholarly style, adding proof, in an often-neglected area of Newtonian studies, to the claim that Newton's 'eccentric' interests were connected to his scientific pursuits. This book will add value to any informed discussion of the contextual nature of the history of science."--Paul Greenham, Historian "Those courageous readers who go carefully through this book will learn much more about Newton's work and mind, as well as about early modern science and culture, than most other books provide."--Marco Panza, Journal for the History of Astronomy "This book is a major step forward in understanding one of the main strands in Newton's intellectual life... This is an exemplary presentation of a key figure in the midst and at the mercy of the intellectual currents of his time."--Peter Barker, Renaissance Quarterly

• List of Illustrations vii List of Tables xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 1 Troubled Senses 8 2 Troubled Numbers 44 3 Erudition and Chronology in Seventeenth-Century England 107 4 Isaac Newton on Prophecies and Idolatry 126 5 Aberrant Numbers: The Propagation of Mankind before and after the Deluge 164 6 Newtonian History 195 7 Text and Testimony 222 8 Interpreting Words 246 9 Publication and Reaction 307 10 The War on Newton in England 331 11 The War on Newton in France 353 12 The Demise of Chronology 381 13 Evidence and History 423 Appendix A Signs, Conventions, Dating, and Definitions 437 Appendix B Newton's Computational Methods 441 Appendix C Commented Extracts from Newton's MS Calculations 447 Appendix D Placing Colures on the Original Star Globe 464 Appendix E Hesiod, Thales, and Stellar Risings and Settings 468 Bibliography 489 Index 515

Jed Z. Buchwald is the Doris and Henry Dreyfuss Professor of History at the California Institute of Technology. His books include The Zodiac of Paris: How an Improbable Controversy over an Ancient Egyptian Artifact Provoked a Modern Debate between Religion and Science (Princeton). Mordechai Feingold is professor of history at the California Institute of Technology. He is the author of The Newtonian Moment: Isaac Newton and the Making of Modern Culture.

"This argument for intellectual unity in Newton's method of working gives Newton and the Origin of Civlization philosophical as well as historical originality and importance ... represents a climacteric in our understanding of its subject's life and thought."--Scott Mandelbrote, Times Literary Supplement "After Gibbon, however, Newton's work as a historian fell into a long oblivion, from which Frank Manuel rescued it in the 1960s; but his elegant study, Isaac Newton: Historian, has now been dwarfed by the labours of Buchwald and Feingold."--Jonathan Ree, London Review of Books "[T]he story that Buchwald and Feingold trace is a rich and complicated one. The debates are mathematically technical and require a good understanding of ancient Egyptian and classical mythology and biblical history. It would be advantageous for the reader to be fluent in these matters; however, given the nature of Newton's overall approach, this book would certainly benefit a more general reader, particularly one interested in debates about the reliability of textual accounts. This study also compliments scholarship on early modern studies of the Earth where mineralogists and geologists used the history of ancient civilizations as an analogy for establishing Earth chronology, and it potentially sheds light on the regular use of astronomy as a model for thinking about credible arguments in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century geology. As the first study to seriously engage with Newton as a chronologer since Frank Manuel's Isaac Newton, Historian (1963), Buchwald and Feingold's publication significantly adds to scholarly commentary on Newton."--Allison Ksiazkiewicz, British Journal for the History of Science "Buchwald and Feingold's publication significantly adds to scholarly commentary on Newton. The authors' detailed examination of the making of history in the early modern world clearly demonstrates Newton's novel approach in Chronology and its lasting influence on subsequent history writers who were governed by connoisseurship and taste rather than mathematical certainty."--Aluson Ksiazklliwicz, BJHS "Buchwald and Feingold have resuscitated erudite discussions that were dismissed some 300 years ago. As they point out, Newton's own meandering, copious comparisons between obscure minutiae seem designed to deter even the most stalwart of readers, but their own comprehensive account is written in an admirably lucid style. For anyone who shares their fascination with Newton's obsessions, but quails when confronted by his tortuous prose, they have rendered an invaluable service."--Patricia Fara, Metascience "Buchwald and Feingold's book is full of remarkable details, insights, and incidents... Certainly, the book is essential reading for anyone with a serious interest either in Newton or in the study of ancient history in the 17th and 18th centuries."--Ernest Davis, SIAM News "Buchwald and Feingold prove to be excellent guides through this material... They provide a detailed and authoritative commentary... [T]he authors have much to say that is new... Newton specialists should certainly read this book for the many insights the authors offer along the way into Newton's ways of thinking."--John Henry, Science & Education "Fascinating... [Newton and the Origin of Civilization] is ... the first serious attempt to solve what might be called the 'Newton three-body problem,' a conundrum at the very center of Newton scholarship today... [T]here is no better starting point for thinking about the Christian theology entangled in Newton's natural science than this book... [A] thoughtful, erudite, and insightful study."--J.B. Shank, Physics Today "Newton specialists should certainly read this book for the many insights the authors offer along the way into Newton's ways of thinking."--John Henry, Science and Education "Newton and the Origin of Civilization adds considerably to what we know about Newton as a historian and chronologist."--Margaret C. Jacob, Journal of American History "[N]o one interested in Newton's amazing contribution to science will fail to find in this book much that is of considerable interest... The discussion of evidence and why it needs the constraints of a theory that makes sense of what the senses so badly disclose is the best I have come across, and it will undoubtedly stimulate historians for a chronologically significant period of time."--William R. Shea, International Archive of the History of Science "The authors present a well-crafted argument in an accessible yet scholarly style, adding proof, in an often-neglected area of Newtonian studies, to the claim that Newton's 'eccentric' interests were connected to his scientific pursuits. This book will add value to any informed discussion of the contextual nature of the history of science."--Paul Greenham, Historian "Those courageous readers who go carefully through this book will learn much more about Newton's work and mind, as well as about early modern science and culture, than most other books provide."--Marco Panza, Journal for the History of Astronomy "This book is a major step forward in understanding one of the main strands in Newton's intellectual life... This is an exemplary presentation of a key figure in the midst and at the mercy of the intellectual currents of his time."--Peter Barker, Renaissance Quarterly

• List of Illustrations vii List of Tables xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 1 Troubled Senses 8 2 Troubled Numbers 44 3 Erudition and Chronology in Seventeenth-Century England 107 4 Isaac Newton on Prophecies and Idolatry 126 5 Aberrant Numbers: The Propagation of Mankind before and after the Deluge 164 6 Newtonian History 195 7 Text and Testimony 222 8 Interpreting Words 246 9 Publication and Reaction 307 10 The War on Newton in England 331 11 The War on Newton in France 353 12 The Demise of Chronology 381 13 Evidence and History 423 Appendix A Signs, Conventions, Dating, and Definitions 437 Appendix B Newton's Computational Methods 441 Appendix C Commented Extracts from Newton's MS Calculations 447 Appendix D Placing Colures on the Original Star Globe 464 Appendix E Hesiod, Thales, and Stellar Risings and Settings 468 Bibliography 489 Index 515

Jed Z. Buchwald is the Doris and Henry Dreyfuss Professor of History at the California Institute of Technology. His books include The Zodiac of Paris: How an Improbable Controversy over an Ancient Egyptian Artifact Provoked a Modern Debate between Religion and Science (Princeton). Mordechai Feingold is professor of history at the California Institute of Technology. He is the author of The Newtonian Moment: Isaac Newton and the Making of Modern Culture.

"This argument for intellectual unity in Newton's method of working gives Newton and the Origin of Civlization philosophical as well as historical originality and importance ... represents a climacteric in our understanding of its subject's life and thought."--Scott Mandelbrote, Times Literary Supplement "After Gibbon, however, Newton's work as a historian fell into a long oblivion, from which Frank Manuel rescued it in the 1960s; but his elegant study, Isaac Newton: Historian, has now been dwarfed by the labours of Buchwald and Feingold."--Jonathan Ree, London Review of Books "[T]he story that Buchwald and Feingold trace is a rich and complicated one. The debates are mathematically technical and require a good understanding of ancient Egyptian and classical mythology and biblical history. It would be advantageous for the reader to be fluent in these matters; however, given the nature of Newton's overall approach, this book would certainly benefit a more general reader, particularly one interested in debates about the reliability of textual accounts. This study also compliments scholarship on early modern studies of the Earth where mineralogists and geologists used the history of ancient civilizations as an analogy for establishing Earth chronology, and it potentially sheds light on the regular use of astronomy as a model for thinking about credible arguments in late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century geology. As the first study to seriously engage with Newton as a chronologer since Frank Manuel's Isaac Newton, Historian (1963), Buchwald and Feingold's publication significantly adds to scholarly commentary on Newton."--Allison Ksiazkiewicz, British Journal for the History of Science "Buchwald and Feingold's publication significantly adds to scholarly commentary on Newton. The authors' detailed examination of the making of history in the early modern world clearly demonstrates Newton's novel approach in Chronology and its lasting influence on subsequent history writers who were governed by connoisseurship and taste rather than mathematical certainty."--Aluson Ksiazklliwicz, BJHS "Buchwald and Feingold have resuscitated erudite discussions that were dismissed some 300 years ago. As they point out, Newton's own meandering, copious comparisons between obscure minutiae seem designed to deter even the most stalwart of readers, but their own comprehensive account is written in an admirably lucid style. For anyone who shares their fascination with Newton's obsessions, but quails when confronted by his tortuous prose, they have rendered an invaluable service."--Patricia Fara, Metascience "Buchwald and Feingold's book is full of remarkable details, insights, and incidents... Certainly, the book is essential reading for anyone with a serious interest either in Newton or in the study of ancient history in the 17th and 18th centuries."--Ernest Davis, SIAM News "Buchwald and Feingold prove to be excellent guides through this material... They provide a detailed and authoritative commentary... [T]he authors have much to say that is new... Newton specialists should certainly read this book for the many insights the authors offer along the way into Newton's ways of thinking."--John Henry, Science & Education "Fascinating... [Newton and the Origin of Civilization] is ... the first serious attempt to solve what might be called the 'Newton three-body problem,' a conundrum at the very center of Newton scholarship today... [T]here is no better starting point for thinking about the Christian theology entangled in Newton's natural science than this book... [A] thoughtful, erudite, and insightful study."--J.B. Shank, Physics Today "Newton specialists should certainly read this book for the many insights the authors offer along the way into Newton's ways of thinking."--John Henry, Science and Education "Newton and the Origin of Civilization adds considerably to what we know about Newton as a historian and chronologist."--Margaret C. Jacob, Journal of American History "[N]o one interested in Newton's amazing contribution to science will fail to find in this book much that is of considerable interest... The discussion of evidence and why it needs the constraints of a theory that makes sense of what the senses so badly disclose is the best I have come across, and it will undoubtedly stimulate historians for a chronologically significant period of time."--William R. Shea, International Archive of the History of Science "The authors present a well-crafted argument in an accessible yet scholarly style, adding proof, in an often-neglected area of Newtonian studies, to the claim that Newton's 'eccentric' interests were connected to his scientific pursuits. This book will add value to any informed discussion of the contextual nature of the history of science."--Paul Greenham, Historian "Those courageous readers who go carefully through this book will learn much more about Newton's work and mind, as well as about early modern science and culture, than most other books provide."--Marco Panza, Journal for the History of Astronomy "This book is a major step forward in understanding one of the main strands in Newton's intellectual life... This is an exemplary presentation of a key figure in the midst and at the mercy of the intellectual currents of his time."--Peter Barker, Renaissance Quarterly

• List of Illustrations vii List of Tables xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 1 Troubled Senses 8 2 Troubled Numbers 44 3 Erudition and Chronology in Seventeenth-Century England 107 4 Isaac Newton on Prophecies and Idolatry 126 5 Aberrant Numbers: The Propagation of Mankind before and after the Deluge 164 6 Newtonian History 195 7 Text and Testimony 222 8 Interpreting Words 246 9 Publication and Reaction 307 10 The War on Newton in England 331 11 The War on Newton in France 353 12 The Demise of Chronology 381 13 Evidence and History 423 Appendix A Signs, Conventions, Dating, and Definitions 437 Appendix B Newton's Computational Methods 441 Appendix C Commented Extracts from Newton's MS Calculations 447 Appendix D Placing Colures on the Original Star Globe 464 Appendix E Hesiod, Thales, and Stellar Risings and Settings 468 Bibliography 489 Index 515