Secrets and Leaks

Rahul Sagar is Global Network Associate Professor of Political Science at New York University in Abu Dhabi and Washington Square Fellow at New York University in New York.

Winner of the 2014 Louis Brownlow Book Award, National Academy of Public Administration Winner of the 2015 Myres S. McDougal Prize, Society of Policy Scientists One of Choice's Outstanding Academic Titles for 2014 "Were Snowden's leaks justified? Rahul Sagar's Secrets and Leaks sheds important light on the question. In carefully argued and lucid prose, Sagar, a professor of politics at Princeton, argues that secrets are inevitable, as are leaks--and that leaks have an important if precarious part in checking secrecy abuse."--David Cole, New York Review of Books "This is an excellent book that comes at an essential time. Snowden's leaks, which took place after Sagar finished the book, have focused public debate on the secrecy/transparency paradox, and Sagar's book is infinitely superior to the sloganeering that dominates the media."--Eric Posner, New Republic "Rahul Sagar's new book Secrets and Leaks: The Dilemma of State Secrecy is both an important new work on the deep problem of political accountability in the context of U.S. government secrecy, and it is an excellent teaching resource."--Mary L. Dudziak, Balkinization "Sagar makes a compelling argument that leaking plays an important role in uncovering wrongdoing in an arena in which both Congress and the courts are institutionally inhibited."--Gabrielle Appleby, Inside Story "In his new book, Secrets and Leaks, the Princeton political scientist Rahul Sagar ably documents ... growth in secrecy and the problems it poses, excavating from his thorough research a concise history of concealment and revelation from the Revolutionary War to the present. Atop this scholarship, he adds legal analysis and an attempt to map a regulatory framework that will keep the country secure, make the government accountable, and still preserve Americans' civil liberties."--Jack Shafer, Foreign Affairs "[Secrets and Leaks is] a shining deed in a naughty world."--International Affairs "[A] fresh, original and provocative contribution to the field... [Sagar] is about as critical of his own arguments as he is towards those of others, and readers will be the wiser for it."--Steven Aftergood, Lawfare "Rahul Sagar's Secrets and Leaks ... is a thoughtfully considered work that clarifies an unsolvable dilemma at the heart of democratic governance."--Gabriel Schoenfeld, Claremont Review of Books "Sagar's new book could not come at a more opportune time. As a fresh national and even international debate about the morality of whistle-blowing and state secrecy develops, Sagar presents a compelling set of arguments about the balance between national security and liberty. In doing so, he examines all of the relevant actors: the national security apparatus, the courts, Congress, the leakers, and of course the executive itself... In fact, Secrets and Leaks can be read as a case study in the inexorable tensions of executive power in a liberal democracy. This profound and profoundly important book deserves to inform the on-going debate."--Choice "Whether one accepts or rejects this conclusion, Secrets and Leaks is a provocative, thoughtful, and important contribution to our understanding."--Geoffrey R. Stone, Political Science Quarterly

• Preface to the Paperback Edition xi Acknowledgments xvii Who Watches the Watchers? 1 Chapter 1 The Problem: How to Regulate State Secrecy? 16 Chapter 2 Should We Rely on Judges? Transparency and the Problem of Judicial Deference 51 Chapter 3 Should We Rely on Congress? Oversight and the Problem of Executive Privilege 80 Chapter 4 Should the Law Condone Unauthorized Disclosures? Fire Alarms and the Problem of Legitimacy 103 Chapter 5 Should We Rely on Whistleblowers? Disobedience and the Problem of Retaliation 127 Chapter 6 Should We Trust Leakers? Anonymous Sources and the Problem of Regulation 153 Conclusion Bitter Medicine 181 Notes 205 Selected Bibliography 245 Index 269