John A. Murley is emeritus professor and former chair of the Department of Political Science at the Rochester Institute of Technology.Sean D. Sutton is chair of the Department of Political Science at the Rochester Institute of Technology.

In four much-criticized 1970s cases, the Supreme Court abandoned tradition and held that states may use criminal juries with fewer than 12 members or juries that decide by less than unanimity, though not both simultaneously. Does it matter? Are smaller or nonunanimous juries not good at protecting citizens from corrupt, biased, or overzealous officials? Researchers conducted numerous studies using a variety of social-science methods. Their findings were equivocal. But by the 1990s, it was clear that the new juries did not save as much public money as expected; few states made much use of them, so scholarly attention waned. Murley and Sutton take the conservative position that before abandoning tradition, the court should have proved that the new juries were not inferior, and the authors argue correctly that the court did not. They assert that the new rule ‘tilts the jury trial in favor of the government’ by discouraging jury nullification. . . . Indeed, nullification may be increasing. The jury is still out on the impact of using smaller or nonunanimous juries. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduate, graduate, and research collections.

• Chapter 1: The Emergence of the Criminal Jury as a Contemporary Political ProblemChapter 2: Six v. Twelve: The Court’s Use of HistoryChapter 3: “No Discernible Difference”: On the Court’s Use of Social ScienceChapter 4: Auxiliary Precautions: Unanimous Jury Verdicts v. Majority Jury VerdictsChapter 5: Majority Verdict and Jury Nullification

John A. Murley is emeritus professor and former chair of the Department of Political Science at the Rochester Institute of Technology.Sean D. Sutton is chair of the Department of Political Science at the Rochester Institute of Technology.

In four much-criticized 1970s cases, the Supreme Court abandoned tradition and held that states may use criminal juries with fewer than 12 members or juries that decide by less than unanimity, though not both simultaneously. Does it matter? Are smaller or nonunanimous juries not good at protecting citizens from corrupt, biased, or overzealous officials? Researchers conducted numerous studies using a variety of social-science methods. Their findings were equivocal. But by the 1990s, it was clear that the new juries did not save as much public money as expected; few states made much use of them, so scholarly attention waned. Murley and Sutton take the conservative position that before abandoning tradition, the court should have proved that the new juries were not inferior, and the authors argue correctly that the court did not. They assert that the new rule ‘tilts the jury trial in favor of the government’ by discouraging jury nullification. . . . Indeed, nullification may be increasing. The jury is still out on the impact of using smaller or nonunanimous juries. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduate, graduate, and research collections.

• Chapter 1: The Emergence of the Criminal Jury as a Contemporary Political ProblemChapter 2: Six v. Twelve: The Court’s Use of HistoryChapter 3: “No Discernible Difference”: On the Court’s Use of Social ScienceChapter 4: Auxiliary Precautions: Unanimous Jury Verdicts v. Majority Jury VerdictsChapter 5: Majority Verdict and Jury Nullification

John A. Murley is emeritus professor and former chair of the Department of Political Science at the Rochester Institute of Technology.Sean D. Sutton is chair of the Department of Political Science at the Rochester Institute of Technology.

In four much-criticized 1970s cases, the Supreme Court abandoned tradition and held that states may use criminal juries with fewer than 12 members or juries that decide by less than unanimity, though not both simultaneously. Does it matter? Are smaller or nonunanimous juries not good at protecting citizens from corrupt, biased, or overzealous officials? Researchers conducted numerous studies using a variety of social-science methods. Their findings were equivocal. But by the 1990s, it was clear that the new juries did not save as much public money as expected; few states made much use of them, so scholarly attention waned. Murley and Sutton take the conservative position that before abandoning tradition, the court should have proved that the new juries were not inferior, and the authors argue correctly that the court did not. They assert that the new rule ‘tilts the jury trial in favor of the government’ by discouraging jury nullification. . . . Indeed, nullification may be increasing. The jury is still out on the impact of using smaller or nonunanimous juries. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduate, graduate, and research collections.

• Chapter 1: The Emergence of the Criminal Jury as a Contemporary Political ProblemChapter 2: Six v. Twelve: The Court’s Use of HistoryChapter 3: “No Discernible Difference”: On the Court’s Use of Social ScienceChapter 4: Auxiliary Precautions: Unanimous Jury Verdicts v. Majority Jury VerdictsChapter 5: Majority Verdict and Jury Nullification