Theodor W. Adorno (1903-1969), a prominent member of the Frankfurt School, was one of the most influential thinkers of the 20th century in the areas of social theory, philosophy and aesthetics.

"The Nordic Civil Sphere deserves to be widely read, not only by students and by scholars who are interested in the particularities of the Nordic civil spheres, but by anyone interested in how the civil spheres of the Global North shape democracy, welfare, values, and processes of inclusion and exclusion."Acta Sociology

• Editor's ForewordLECTURE 1The situationThe possibility of philosophical aesthetics todayThe connection between philosophy and aesthetics in KantHegel's definition of beautyAesthetic objectivityA critique of 'aesthetics from above'On the methodThe problem of aesthetic relativityThe objectivity of aesthetic judgementAesthetic logicThe irrationality of artThe work of art as an expression of naïvetéBasic research in the field of aestheticsLECTURE 2Not a set of instructionsThe individualist prejudiceTalentResistance to aestheticsThe poles of aesthetic insight: (a) Theoretical reflection; (b) The experience of artistic practiceAgainst cultivatednessThe riddle characterA justification of the philosophy of art'Aesthetics' is equivocalNatural beauty and artistic beautyHegel's turn away from natural beautyUnresolved aspect to natural beautyLECTURE 3The elusiveness of natural beautyThe model character of natural beautyAuraThe experiences of something objective'Mood'The mediation of natural beauty and artistic beautyThe historicity of natural beautyThe sublime in KantAesthetic experience is dialectical in itself 'Disinterested pleasure'LECTURE 4Special sphere of aesthetic semblanceThe taboo on desireSublimationDissonance'Spring's command, sweet need'MimesisImitationTransitionLECTURE 5The separation of art from the real worldPlay and semblance'The world once again'Art as 'unfolding of truth'The negation of the reality principleExpression of sufferingThe participation of art in the process of controlling natureTechniqueProgressLECTURE 6Does art merely express what has been destroyed?Restoring the bodyStart from the most advanced artThe expressive ideal of expressionismPrincipium stilisationisConstructionThe dialectic of expression and constructionLECTURE 7Nature is historicalConstruction and formA critique of the creator roleThe aversion to expressionThe reduction of the individualFalling silent after AuschwitzThe crisis of meaningThe limits of constructionLECTURE 8The crisis of meaning (contd.)Giving a voice to mutilated natureExpression of alienationDefamiliarizationConsistency of constructionAleatory musicThe problem of charactersLECTURE 9The Platonic doctrine of beautyIntroduction to an interpretation of the PhaedrusEnthousiasmosBeauty as a form of madnessBeing seizedPain as a constituent of the experience of beautyNot a definitionIdeaThe subjectivity of beautyThe imitation of the idea of beautyThe aspect of danger in beautyLECTURE 10Interpretation of the Phaedrus, contd.The paradox of beautyThe image of beautyAffinity with deathElevating oneself above the contingent world Kant's theory of the sublimeThe sensual and the spiritual in artForce fieldLECTURE 11Ontology and dialectic in PlatoThe relationship between beauty and artThe aspect of uglinessThe aspect of sensual pleasureAesthetic experience'Throw away in order to gain!'The meaning of the wholeLECTURE 12RecapitulationEnjoyment of artThe inhabitantFetishismAesthetic enjoymentThe suspension of the principium individuationisUnderstanding works of artLECTURE 13Reflective co-enactmentAesthetic stupidityTranslation, commentary, critiqueThe spiritualization of artConstructivismThe dialectic of sensual and spiritual aspects in the work of artLECTURE 14Spiritual contentThe structural contextForce fieldThe allergy to sensual pleasureAesthetics without beautyLECTURE 15Correcting the definition of the work of artAlienationReference to the object in visual art'Abstract' artForm as sedimented contentLoss of tensionTheoretical preconditions of artistic experienceLECTURE 16Beauty and truthNaturalismTruth of expressionCoherenceNecessityThe idea of beauty as something internally in motionHomeostasisThe mediated truthLECTURE 17Subjectivism and objectivism in aestheticsHegel's critique of tasteThe physiognomy of the aestheteGoût quamd mêmeAccumulated experienceFashionLECTURE 18A critique of aesthetic subjectivismA critique of psychological aestheticsMethodologyThe immediacy of subjective reactions is mediatedThe consumption of prestigeThe emotional relationship with artLECTURE 19Recapitulation'The Tired Businessman's Show'Conceptless synthesisThe cognition of artDefensive reactions to modern artLECTURE 20RecapitulationThe rancour of those left behind towards new artSemi-literacyThe alienation of modern art from consumption is itself socialLukács's pseudo-realismThe concept of ideologyKant's subjectivismA critique of the theory of aesthetic experienceThe ambiguity of the work of artLECTURE 21Recovery of the truthThe idea lies in the totality of aspects'... being completely filled with the matter'ExperienceThe psychology of the artistEmpathyThe work of art as objectified spiritArtistic productionAdorno's Notes for the LecturesEditor's NotesIndex