Hakan Özogálu is the Ayasli Senior Lecturer in Turkish Studies at the University of Chicago.

"Özogálu has produced a well-written, valuable study of a period in the history of Kurdish nationalism … [his] study is significant not only for understanding the early history of Kurdish nationalism but also for its contemporary context." — H-Net Reviews (H-Turk)"…both expands on existing studies and revises previous accounts in a concise, nuanced fashion." — International Journal of Middle East Studies"The author's discussion of the Kurdish notable families and the evolution of their ideologies is original and constitutes an important contribution to the literature." — Reşat Kasaba, author of The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy: The Nineteenth Century"The topic of the emergence of ethno-nationalism among a class of notables closely linked to the imperial state is significant, making this book of interest to students of ethnicity and nationalism, Ottoman historians, and specialists of Kurdish affairs." — Martin van Bruinessen, author of Agha, Shaikh, and State: The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan

• Acknowledgments Note on Transliteration and Translation List of Illustrations 1. Introduction The Role of Kurdish Nationalism in the Emergence of the Turkish RepublicA Brief Discussion on NationalismDifferent Interpretations of NationalismEthnicity, Nationalism, and the Development of IdentityNationalism in the Kurdish CaseNationalism and Notables in the Ottoman EmpireBoundaries of the ResearchOrganization and General Arguments of the Chapters 2. Evolution of Group Identity: The Kurds and Kurdistan in Historical Texts Origin of the KurdsKurds and Kurdistan in Medieval SourcesSerefhan BitlisiThe Seventeenth Century: Ahmed-i HaniEvliya Çelebi: A View of an Ottoman TravelerKurds and Kurdistan in the Late Ottoman PeriodKürdistan: The First Kurdish NewspaperSemseddin SamiThe Post-World War I PeriodConclusion 3. State-Tribe Relations: Ottoman Empire and Kurdish Tribalism Since the Sixteenth Century Tribe, Emirate, and the KurdsTheoretical FrameworkDefinition of Kurdish TribesKurdish Tribalism Prior to the Ottoman ConquestOttoman-Safavid Relations and "Kurdistan"Ottoman Administration in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth CenturiesClassical Ottoman AdministrationOttoman Administration in KurdistanDecreasing Level of Kurdish AutonomyOttoman Administrative Policies in Nineteenth-Century KurdistanConclusion: Consequences of Ottoman Rule 4. Kurdish "Protonationalism"?: The Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries The Nationalist Dimension of Kurdish MilitancyBedirhan Pasha and His Revolt of 1847The Naqshbandi Semdinan Family and Sayyid UbeydullahA Transformation to Nationalism: Two Kurdish Cultural and Political Organizations, 1908–20Kürt Teavün ve Terakki Cemiyeti, or the Society for the Mutual Aid and Progress of Kurdistan (SMPK)Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti, or the Society for the Advancement of Kurdistan (SAK) of 1918 5. The Role of Preexisting Ties and Notables in the Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism The Naksibendi Semdinan FamilySayyid AbdulkadirThe Bedirhani FamilyEmin Ali BedirhanCeladet Ali and Kamuran Ali BedirhanOther Members of the SAK in the Bedirhani FamilyThe Cemilpasazade FamilyEkrem CemilpasaKadri Cemilpasa (Zinar Silopi)Shaykh Sefik EfendiMehmet Serif PashaBediüzzaman Said NursiHizanizade Bitlizli Kemal FevziConclusion 6. Concluding Remarks and Suggestions for Further Research Directions for Further Research in the Republican Period Notes Bibliography Index

Hakan Özogálu is the Ayasli Senior Lecturer in Turkish Studies at the University of Chicago.

"Özogálu has produced a well-written, valuable study of a period in the history of Kurdish nationalism … [his] study is significant not only for understanding the early history of Kurdish nationalism but also for its contemporary context." — H-Net Reviews (H-Turk)"…both expands on existing studies and revises previous accounts in a concise, nuanced fashion." — International Journal of Middle East Studies"The author's discussion of the Kurdish notable families and the evolution of their ideologies is original and constitutes an important contribution to the literature." — Reşat Kasaba, author of The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy: The Nineteenth Century"The topic of the emergence of ethno-nationalism among a class of notables closely linked to the imperial state is significant, making this book of interest to students of ethnicity and nationalism, Ottoman historians, and specialists of Kurdish affairs." — Martin van Bruinessen, author of Agha, Shaikh, and State: The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan

• Acknowledgments Note on Transliteration and Translation List of Illustrations 1. Introduction The Role of Kurdish Nationalism in the Emergence of the Turkish RepublicA Brief Discussion on NationalismDifferent Interpretations of NationalismEthnicity, Nationalism, and the Development of IdentityNationalism in the Kurdish CaseNationalism and Notables in the Ottoman EmpireBoundaries of the ResearchOrganization and General Arguments of the Chapters 2. Evolution of Group Identity: The Kurds and Kurdistan in Historical Texts Origin of the KurdsKurds and Kurdistan in Medieval SourcesSerefhan BitlisiThe Seventeenth Century: Ahmed-i HaniEvliya Çelebi: A View of an Ottoman TravelerKurds and Kurdistan in the Late Ottoman PeriodKürdistan: The First Kurdish NewspaperSemseddin SamiThe Post-World War I PeriodConclusion 3. State-Tribe Relations: Ottoman Empire and Kurdish Tribalism Since the Sixteenth Century Tribe, Emirate, and the KurdsTheoretical FrameworkDefinition of Kurdish TribesKurdish Tribalism Prior to the Ottoman ConquestOttoman-Safavid Relations and "Kurdistan"Ottoman Administration in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth CenturiesClassical Ottoman AdministrationOttoman Administration in KurdistanDecreasing Level of Kurdish AutonomyOttoman Administrative Policies in Nineteenth-Century KurdistanConclusion: Consequences of Ottoman Rule 4. Kurdish "Protonationalism"?: The Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries The Nationalist Dimension of Kurdish MilitancyBedirhan Pasha and His Revolt of 1847The Naqshbandi Semdinan Family and Sayyid UbeydullahA Transformation to Nationalism: Two Kurdish Cultural and Political Organizations, 1908–20Kürt Teavün ve Terakki Cemiyeti, or the Society for the Mutual Aid and Progress of Kurdistan (SMPK)Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti, or the Society for the Advancement of Kurdistan (SAK) of 1918 5. The Role of Preexisting Ties and Notables in the Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism The Naksibendi Semdinan FamilySayyid AbdulkadirThe Bedirhani FamilyEmin Ali BedirhanCeladet Ali and Kamuran Ali BedirhanOther Members of the SAK in the Bedirhani FamilyThe Cemilpasazade FamilyEkrem CemilpasaKadri Cemilpasa (Zinar Silopi)Shaykh Sefik EfendiMehmet Serif PashaBediüzzaman Said NursiHizanizade Bitlizli Kemal FevziConclusion 6. Concluding Remarks and Suggestions for Further Research Directions for Further Research in the Republican Period Notes Bibliography Index

Hakan Özogálu is the Ayasli Senior Lecturer in Turkish Studies at the University of Chicago.

"Özogálu has produced a well-written, valuable study of a period in the history of Kurdish nationalism … [his] study is significant not only for understanding the early history of Kurdish nationalism but also for its contemporary context." — H-Net Reviews (H-Turk)"…both expands on existing studies and revises previous accounts in a concise, nuanced fashion." — International Journal of Middle East Studies"The author's discussion of the Kurdish notable families and the evolution of their ideologies is original and constitutes an important contribution to the literature." — Reşat Kasaba, author of The Ottoman Empire and the World Economy: The Nineteenth Century"The topic of the emergence of ethno-nationalism among a class of notables closely linked to the imperial state is significant, making this book of interest to students of ethnicity and nationalism, Ottoman historians, and specialists of Kurdish affairs." — Martin van Bruinessen, author of Agha, Shaikh, and State: The Social and Political Structures of Kurdistan

• Acknowledgments Note on Transliteration and Translation List of Illustrations 1. Introduction The Role of Kurdish Nationalism in the Emergence of the Turkish RepublicA Brief Discussion on NationalismDifferent Interpretations of NationalismEthnicity, Nationalism, and the Development of IdentityNationalism in the Kurdish CaseNationalism and Notables in the Ottoman EmpireBoundaries of the ResearchOrganization and General Arguments of the Chapters 2. Evolution of Group Identity: The Kurds and Kurdistan in Historical Texts Origin of the KurdsKurds and Kurdistan in Medieval SourcesSerefhan BitlisiThe Seventeenth Century: Ahmed-i HaniEvliya Çelebi: A View of an Ottoman TravelerKurds and Kurdistan in the Late Ottoman PeriodKürdistan: The First Kurdish NewspaperSemseddin SamiThe Post-World War I PeriodConclusion 3. State-Tribe Relations: Ottoman Empire and Kurdish Tribalism Since the Sixteenth Century Tribe, Emirate, and the KurdsTheoretical FrameworkDefinition of Kurdish TribesKurdish Tribalism Prior to the Ottoman ConquestOttoman-Safavid Relations and "Kurdistan"Ottoman Administration in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth CenturiesClassical Ottoman AdministrationOttoman Administration in KurdistanDecreasing Level of Kurdish AutonomyOttoman Administrative Policies in Nineteenth-Century KurdistanConclusion: Consequences of Ottoman Rule 4. Kurdish "Protonationalism"?: The Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries The Nationalist Dimension of Kurdish MilitancyBedirhan Pasha and His Revolt of 1847The Naqshbandi Semdinan Family and Sayyid UbeydullahA Transformation to Nationalism: Two Kurdish Cultural and Political Organizations, 1908–20Kürt Teavün ve Terakki Cemiyeti, or the Society for the Mutual Aid and Progress of Kurdistan (SMPK)Kürdistan Teali Cemiyeti, or the Society for the Advancement of Kurdistan (SAK) of 1918 5. The Role of Preexisting Ties and Notables in the Emergence of Kurdish Nationalism The Naksibendi Semdinan FamilySayyid AbdulkadirThe Bedirhani FamilyEmin Ali BedirhanCeladet Ali and Kamuran Ali BedirhanOther Members of the SAK in the Bedirhani FamilyThe Cemilpasazade FamilyEkrem CemilpasaKadri Cemilpasa (Zinar Silopi)Shaykh Sefik EfendiMehmet Serif PashaBediüzzaman Said NursiHizanizade Bitlizli Kemal FevziConclusion 6. Concluding Remarks and Suggestions for Further Research Directions for Further Research in the Republican Period Notes Bibliography Index