Ex Situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources

AvJ.G. Hawkes,Nigel Maxted

Inbunden, Engelska, 2000

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Beskrivning

It should be useful reading for second-year undergraduate courses in plant biology and plant genetic conservation, and also be valuable for postgraduate courses in plant genetics, conservation and cell biology. It provides information for professional plant conservationists. This work covers ex situ genetic resources conservation.

Produktinformation

Utgivningsdatum:2000-10-31
Mått:155 x 235 x 22 mm
Vikt:605 g
Format:Inbunden
Språk:Engelska
Antal sidor:250
Upplaga:2000
Förlag:Kluwer Academic Publishers
ISBN:9780792364429

Utforska kategorier

Växtböcker inom Djur och Natur
Botanik inom Naturvetenskap och teknik
Biovetenskap inom Naturvetenskap och teknik

Innehållsförteckning

1 The Genetic Resources of Plants and Their Value.- 1.1 The Biodiversity Challenge.- 1.2 The Definition of Biodiversity.- 1.3 Plant Genetic Resources.- 1.4 The Need to Conserve Botanical Diversity.- 1.5 The Causes of Plant Genetic Diversity Loss.- 1.6 The Conservation / Development Paradox.- 1.7 The Exploitation of Plant Diversity in Crops.- 1.8 The Practice of Conservation.- 1.9 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Ex Situ Techniques.- 1.10 Complementary Conservation Strategies.- 2 Evolution of Plants Under Domestication.- 2.1 Plants: Cultivated and Wild.- 2.2 Genetic Changes During Domestication.- 2.3 Alphonse de Candolle’s Views on Cultivated Plant Origins.- 2.4 Darwin’s Views on Plant Domestication.- 2.5 The Ecological Background of Plant Domestication.- 2.6 N.I. Vavilov’s Centres of Crop Origins and Diversity.- 3 The Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Movement.- 3.1 Ethical and Conservation.- 3.2 A Brief History of Plant Genetic Conservation and Use.- 3.3 Critical Issues for Contemporary Plant Genetic Resources.- 4 Preparing To Collect For Ex Situ Conservation.- 4.1 Conservation Project Commission.- 4.2 Selection of Target Areas.- 4.3 Selection of Target Species.- 4.4 Ecogeographic Surveys.- 4.5 Selection of the Collection Team.- 4.6 Expedition Timing.- 4.7 Local Administrative Requirements.- 4.8 Collecting Equipment.- 4.9 Survey Missions.- 5 Exploration and Field Collection.- 5.1 Sampling Techniques.- 5.2 Types of Collecting Site.- 5.3 Field Sampling.- 5.4 Specialised Type of Plant Collecting.- 5.5 Conservation Products.- 5.6 Duplication of Collected Materials.- 6 Seed Gene Bank Conservation.- 6.1 Conventional Ex Situ Techniques.- 6.2 Base and Active Gene Banks.- 6.3 Seed Storage.- 6.4 Intermediate and Recalcitrant Seeded Species.- 6.5 Users ofSeed Stored in Gene Banks.- 7 Field Gene Banks, Botanic Gardens In Vitro, DNA and Pollen Conservation.- 7.1 Field Gene Banks and Orchards.- 7.2 Botanic Gardens.- 7.3 In Vitro Techniques.- 7.4 DNA Storage.- 7.5 Pollen Storage.- 8 World Ex Situ Collections of Germplasm.- 8.1 World Collections of Major Crops.- 8.2 Numbers of Accessions in Storage.- 8.3 Security of Collections.- 8.4 The Cost of Conservation.- 8.5 How Unique Are Accessions Within Gene Banks?.- 8.6 Field Gene Banks, In Vitro Storage and Botanic Gardens Collections.- 8.7 How Much is Enough?.- 8.8 Core Collections.- 9 Community-Based Conservation.- 9.1 Local Communities And Conservation.- 9.2 Communities Working To Conserve Plants.- 9.3 Communities Working With Professional Conservationists.- 9.4 Communities and Professional Conservationists Working Together.- 10 Plant Genetic Resource Utilization.- 10.1 Germplasm Exploitation.- 10.2 Phenotypic Characterisation and Evaluation.- 10.3 Genetic Evaluation and Analysis.- 10.4 Use of Molecular Markers in Germplasm Evaluation.- 10.5 Evaluating the Value of Conserved Plant Diversity.- 10.6 Direct Utilisation of Genetic Resources.- 11 Genetic Conservation Information Management.- 11.1 The Need For Information Management.- 11.2 Data Capture and Manipulation.- 11.3 Accessing Existing Conservation Information.- 11.4 The Efficient Management of Conservation Data.- 11.5 Central Crop Databases.- 11.6 Data Ownership.- 12 Conservation Case Studies.- 12.1 Case Studies of Plant Genetic Resource Conservation.- 12.2 Rice.- 12.3 Wheat.- 12.4 Potatoes.- 12.5 Bananas and Plantains.- 12.6 Coffee.- 12.7 Clover.- 12.8 Leucaena.- 12.9 Asiatic Slipper Orchids.- 13 The Future of Ex Situ Conservation.- 13.1 Towards the Future.- 13.2 The Human Population and its Impact.- 13.3 Specific Ex Situ Conservation Activities.- 13.4 Human Needs Linked to Biodiversity Conservation.- 13.5 Conservation Actions for the New Millennium.- References.- Appendices.

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