Integrating Primary and Secondary Sources Into Teaching

Scott M. Waring is a professor and the program coordinator for the Social Science Education Program at the University of Central Florida.

“This book is an essential read for anyone with a desire to take the important research findings about the benefits of primary source analysis and effectively integrate them into social studies education.”—Teachers College Record

• Contents (Tentative)Preface ix1. The SOURCES Framework for Teaching With Primary and Secondary Sources: An Introduction 1Steps to Preparing Students to Think Critically and Utilize Primary Sources 3Critical Examination of Sources 10Evaluation of Sources 16Primary Source Sets 18The SOURCES Framework for Teaching With Primary Sources 232. What Would Historians Write About Thomas Garber? An Application of a SOURCES Lesson 29Scrutinizing the Fundamental Source(s) 29Organizing Thoughts  31Understanding the Context 34Reading Between the Lines 35Corroborating and Refuting 36Establishing a Plausible Narrative 43Summarizing Final Thoughts 44Conclusion 443. Assessing General Washington’s Plan to Attack Princeton at the Beginning of 1777: An Application of the SOURCES Framework 47Scrutinizing the Fundamental Source(s) and Organizing Thoughts 50Organizing Thoughts and Understanding the Context 51Reading Between the Lines 52Corroborating and Refuting  53Establishing a Plausible Narrative 59Summarizing Final Thoughts 60Conclusion 604. Building Capacity for Student Agency: Using Baseball-Related Primary Sources and the SOURCES Framework 63Scrutinizing the Fundamental Source(s)  64Organizing Thoughts 65Understanding the Context 65Reading Between the Lines 66Corroborating and Refuting 67Establishing a Plausible Narrative 71Summarizing Final Thoughts 72Conclusion 725. What Motivated the Wright Brothers?An Application of the SOURCES Framework 73Scrutinizing the Fundamental Source(s) 73Organizing Thoughts 77Understanding the Context 77Reading Between the Lines 78Corroborating and Refuting 78Establishing a Plausible Narrative 79Summarizing Final Thoughts 80Conclusion 806. Using Poetry to Build the Capacity to EmpathizeAn Application of the SOURCES Framework 83Scrutinizing the Fundamental Source(s) 83Organizing Thoughts 86Understanding the Context 86Reading Between the Lines 90Corroborating and Refuting 91Establishing a Plausible Narrative 93Summarizing Final Thoughts 94Conclusion 947. Teaching Controversial LiteratureAn Application of the SOURCES Framework 97Scrutinizing the Fundamental Source(s) 100Organizing Thoughts 101Understanding the Context 102Reading Between the Lines 103Corroborating and Refuting 103Establishing a Plausible Narrative 109Summarizing Final Thoughts 109Conclusion 1108. An Examination of CiphersAn Application of the SOURCES Framework 111Scrutinizing the Fundamental Source(s) 112Organizing Thoughts 114Understanding the Context 114Reading Between the Lines 115Corroborating and Refuting 116Establishing a Plausible Narrative 118Summarizing Final Thoughts 118Conclusion 1189. Are We Alone in the Universe?An Application of the SOURCES Framework 121Scrutinizing the Fundamental Source(s) 122Organizing Thoughts 123Understanding the Context 123Reading Between the Lines 125Corroborating and Refuting 125Establishing a Plausible Narrative 127Summarizing Final Thoughts 127Conclusion 12810. Engaging Students With Emerging Technologies:Web 2.0 Tools for Each of the Stages of the SOURCES Framework 129Using Multimedia-Based Discussion and Polling Tools to Facilitate Scrutinizing the Fundamental Source(s) 130Using Collection, Categorization, Storage, and Annotation Tools to Facilitate Organizing Thoughts 133Using Collaborative and Discussion Tools to Facilitate Understanding the Context 137Using Scaffolding Tools to Facilitate Reading Between the Lines and Corroborating and Refuting 140Developing and Publishing Tools to Facilitate Establishing a Plausible Narrative 145Creating a Digital Portfolio to Facilitate Summarizing Final Thoughts 149Conclusion 15111. Additional Resources and Considerations 153Implementing the SOURCES Framework 153Primary Sources and Copyright 155Primary Source Repositories and Resources 157SOURCES Framework for Teaching With Primary and Secondary Sources 161The Future, Possibilities, Potential Roadblocks, and Making the Most of the Inquiry Process 163References 167Index 173About the Author 182