ANNE-EMANUELLE BIRN is a professor and Canada Research Chair in International Health at the University of Toronto. She is the author of Marriage of Convenience: Rockefeller International Health and Revolutionary Mexico and lead author of the Textbook of International Health: Global Health in a Dynamic World. THEODORE M. BROWN is a professor of history and of public health sciences at the University of Rochester. He is the coeditor of Making Medical History: The Life and Times of Henry E. Sigerist and coauthor of The Quest for Health Reform: A Satirical History.

"Everybody who cares about health and social justice, internationally and in the U.S., should read this book!" - Amy Goodman (host of Democracy Now! and 2008 winner Right Livelihood Award) "This wonderful book offers a deeply reflective look at the motivations, ideology, and outcomes of this critical work, telling the stories of true heroes and heroines of American medicine and public health. It is must reading for anyone contemplating international health activism today." - Dr. David Himmelstein and Dr. Steffie Woolhandler (cofounders, Physicians for a National Health Program) "Comrades in Health is a pioneering effort, a major addition to the study of global public health, and a new perspective on U.S. domestic health policy." - Gerald M. Oppenheimer (coauthor of Shattered Dreams? An Oral History of the South African AIDS Epidemic) "Birn and Brown describe the history of international efforts to improve the health of vulnerable populations as an inherently sociopolitical, leftist, and often communist, endeavor. [The editors] create a coherent picture of the development of international health efforts...and will be an interesting read for more advanced students of public health and political science. Recommended."(Choice) "The most haunting lesson in this fine book stems from its call for an ethic of social consciousness in health care work. In this view, the struggle of justice for all is integral to the improvement of individual health outcomes, and it is as fraught with uncertainty and unintended consequences as is the treatment of individual illness. Birn, Brown and their colleagues update an old social medicine lesson that makes this struggle, with its risks, penuries and triumphs, a core professional duty instead of merely a morally praiseworthy individual pursuit."(Global Public Health) "a captivating journey through the political, economic, and social turmoil that embroiled global health care during the 20th century." (Nursing History Review) "Perhaps the most interesting lesson in Comrades in Health is in showing how the very term socialised medicine came to be such an imagined existential threat to the US body politic." (Lancet) "Comrades in Health is important reading for those interested in the global debate surrounding the post-2015 global developmental agenda and future reform of the UN-centric humanitarian system required to address 21st-century human security and social justice." (Canadian Bulletin of Medical History)

• List of FiguresForeword AcknowledgmentsPart I1. Introduction: Health Comrades, Abroad and at Home2. The Making of Health InternationalistsPart II3. The Perils of Unconstrained Enthusiasm4. American Medical Support for Spanish Democracy, 1936–19385. Medical McCarthyism and the Punishment of Internationalist Physicians in the United StatesPart III6. Contesting Racism and Innovating Community Health Centers7. Barefoot in China, the Bronx, and Beyond8. Medical Internationalism and the “Last Epidemic”Part IV9. Social Medicine, at Home and Abroad10. Find the Best People and Support Them11. Cooperantes, Solidarity, and the Fight for Health in Mozambique12. From Harlem to HararePart V13. Brigadistas and Revolutionaries14. Health and Human Rights in Latin America, and Beyond15. History, Theory, and Praxis in Pacific Islands Health16. Doctors for Global Health17. Doctors Across BlockadesPart VI18. Across the GenerationsNotes on ContributorsIndex

ANNE-EMANUELLE BIRN is a professor and Canada Research Chair in International Health at the University of Toronto. She is the author of Marriage of Convenience: Rockefeller International Health and Revolutionary Mexico and lead author of the Textbook of International Health: Global Health in a Dynamic World. THEODORE M. BROWN is a professor of history and of public health sciences at the University of Rochester. He is the coeditor of Making Medical History: The Life and Times of Henry E. Sigerist and coauthor of The Quest for Health Reform: A Satirical History.

"Everybody who cares about health and social justice, internationally and in the U.S., should read this book!" - Amy Goodman (host of Democracy Now! and 2008 winner Right Livelihood Award) "This wonderful book offers a deeply reflective look at the motivations, ideology, and outcomes of this critical work, telling the stories of true heroes and heroines of American medicine and public health. It is must reading for anyone contemplating international health activism today." - Dr. David Himmelstein and Dr. Steffie Woolhandler (cofounders, Physicians for a National Health Program) "Comrades in Health is a pioneering effort, a major addition to the study of global public health, and a new perspective on U.S. domestic health policy." - Gerald M. Oppenheimer (coauthor of Shattered Dreams? An Oral History of the South African AIDS Epidemic) "Birn and Brown describe the history of international efforts to improve the health of vulnerable populations as an inherently sociopolitical, leftist, and often communist, endeavor. [The editors] create a coherent picture of the development of international health efforts...and will be an interesting read for more advanced students of public health and political science. Recommended."(Choice) "The most haunting lesson in this fine book stems from its call for an ethic of social consciousness in health care work. In this view, the struggle of justice for all is integral to the improvement of individual health outcomes, and it is as fraught with uncertainty and unintended consequences as is the treatment of individual illness. Birn, Brown and their colleagues update an old social medicine lesson that makes this struggle, with its risks, penuries and triumphs, a core professional duty instead of merely a morally praiseworthy individual pursuit."(Global Public Health) "a captivating journey through the political, economic, and social turmoil that embroiled global health care during the 20th century." (Nursing History Review) "Perhaps the most interesting lesson in Comrades in Health is in showing how the very term socialised medicine came to be such an imagined existential threat to the US body politic." (Lancet) "Comrades in Health is important reading for those interested in the global debate surrounding the post-2015 global developmental agenda and future reform of the UN-centric humanitarian system required to address 21st-century human security and social justice." (Canadian Bulletin of Medical History)

• List of FiguresForeword AcknowledgmentsPart I1. Introduction: Health Comrades, Abroad and at Home2. The Making of Health InternationalistsPart II3. The Perils of Unconstrained Enthusiasm4. American Medical Support for Spanish Democracy, 1936–19385. Medical McCarthyism and the Punishment of Internationalist Physicians in the United StatesPart III6. Contesting Racism and Innovating Community Health Centers7. Barefoot in China, the Bronx, and Beyond8. Medical Internationalism and the “Last Epidemic”Part IV9. Social Medicine, at Home and Abroad10. Find the Best People and Support Them11. Cooperantes, Solidarity, and the Fight for Health in Mozambique12. From Harlem to HararePart V13. Brigadistas and Revolutionaries14. Health and Human Rights in Latin America, and Beyond15. History, Theory, and Praxis in Pacific Islands Health16. Doctors for Global Health17. Doctors Across BlockadesPart VI18. Across the GenerationsNotes on ContributorsIndex

ANNE-EMANUELLE BIRN is a professor and Canada Research Chair in International Health at the University of Toronto. She is the author of Marriage of Convenience: Rockefeller International Health and Revolutionary Mexico and lead author of the Textbook of International Health: Global Health in a Dynamic World. THEODORE M. BROWN is a professor of history and of public health sciences at the University of Rochester. He is the coeditor of Making Medical History: The Life and Times of Henry E. Sigerist and coauthor of The Quest for Health Reform: A Satirical History.

"Everybody who cares about health and social justice, internationally and in the U.S., should read this book!" - Amy Goodman (host of Democracy Now! and 2008 winner Right Livelihood Award) "This wonderful book offers a deeply reflective look at the motivations, ideology, and outcomes of this critical work, telling the stories of true heroes and heroines of American medicine and public health. It is must reading for anyone contemplating international health activism today." - Dr. David Himmelstein and Dr. Steffie Woolhandler (cofounders, Physicians for a National Health Program) "Comrades in Health is a pioneering effort, a major addition to the study of global public health, and a new perspective on U.S. domestic health policy." - Gerald M. Oppenheimer (coauthor of Shattered Dreams? An Oral History of the South African AIDS Epidemic) "Birn and Brown describe the history of international efforts to improve the health of vulnerable populations as an inherently sociopolitical, leftist, and often communist, endeavor. [The editors] create a coherent picture of the development of international health efforts...and will be an interesting read for more advanced students of public health and political science. Recommended."(Choice) "The most haunting lesson in this fine book stems from its call for an ethic of social consciousness in health care work. In this view, the struggle of justice for all is integral to the improvement of individual health outcomes, and it is as fraught with uncertainty and unintended consequences as is the treatment of individual illness. Birn, Brown and their colleagues update an old social medicine lesson that makes this struggle, with its risks, penuries and triumphs, a core professional duty instead of merely a morally praiseworthy individual pursuit."(Global Public Health) "a captivating journey through the political, economic, and social turmoil that embroiled global health care during the 20th century." (Nursing History Review) "Perhaps the most interesting lesson in Comrades in Health is in showing how the very term socialised medicine came to be such an imagined existential threat to the US body politic." (Lancet) "Comrades in Health is important reading for those interested in the global debate surrounding the post-2015 global developmental agenda and future reform of the UN-centric humanitarian system required to address 21st-century human security and social justice." (Canadian Bulletin of Medical History)

• List of FiguresForeword AcknowledgmentsPart I1. Introduction: Health Comrades, Abroad and at Home2. The Making of Health InternationalistsPart II3. The Perils of Unconstrained Enthusiasm4. American Medical Support for Spanish Democracy, 1936–19385. Medical McCarthyism and the Punishment of Internationalist Physicians in the United StatesPart III6. Contesting Racism and Innovating Community Health Centers7. Barefoot in China, the Bronx, and Beyond8. Medical Internationalism and the “Last Epidemic”Part IV9. Social Medicine, at Home and Abroad10. Find the Best People and Support Them11. Cooperantes, Solidarity, and the Fight for Health in Mozambique12. From Harlem to HararePart V13. Brigadistas and Revolutionaries14. Health and Human Rights in Latin America, and Beyond15. History, Theory, and Praxis in Pacific Islands Health16. Doctors for Global Health17. Doctors Across BlockadesPart VI18. Across the GenerationsNotes on ContributorsIndex