Dried Fruits

Associate Professor Cesarettin Alasalvar, TÜBÝTAK Marmara Research Centre, Food Institute, Gebze-Kocaeli, TurkeyProfessor Fereidoon Shahidi, Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

• List of Contributors xiiPreface xvii1 Composition, phytochemicals, and beneficial health effects of dried fruits: an overview 1Cesarettin Alasalvar and Fereidoon Shahidi1.1 Introduction 11.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of dried fruits 21.3 Phytochemicals in dried fruits 61.4 Beneficial health effects of dried fruits 131.5 Commercial products and industrial applications of dried fruits 141.6 Conclusions 14References 152 Cancer chemopreventive effects of selected dried fruits 19Joydeb Kumar Kundu and Young-Joon Surh2.1 Chemoprevention: an overview 192.2 The promise of dried fruits in cancer prevention 192.3 Dried fruits as a potential source of chemopreventive phytochemicals 212.4 Biochemical basis of chemoprevention with dried fruits 212.5 Chemopreventive properties of bioactive substances derived from selected dried fruits 242.6 Conclusions 39Acknowledgments 40References 40Part 1 Dried Berries3 Phytochemicals and health benefits of blackberries and black currants 55Haiming Shi and Liangli (Lucy) Yu3.1 Introduction 553.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of blackberries and black currants 553.3 Phytochemicals in blackberries and black currants 583.4 Health benefits of blackberries and black currants 663.5 Commercial products and industrial applications of blackberries and black currants 683.6 Drying effects on antioxidant capacities and phenolics of blackberries and black currants 693.7 Conclusions 70References 704 Dried blueberries: the effects of processing on health-promoting compounds 75William L. Kerr4.1 Introduction 754.2 Varieties and composition 764.3 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of blueberries 774.4 Phytochemicals 794.5 Health effects related to blueberries 834.6 Effects of processing on blueberry components 884.7 Conclusions 94References 945 Functional characteristics of dried cranberries 101K.M. Schaich5.1 Introduction 1015.2 Composition and nutritional characteristics of dried cranberry powder 1025.3 Natural antioxidants in dried cranberry powder 1135.4 Health effects of dried cranberry powders 1165.5 Food applications of dried cranberry powders 1235.6 Conclusions 126References 1266 Phytochemicals and health benefits of goji berries 133Ying Zhong, Fereidoon Shahidi, and Marian Naczk6.1 Introduction 1336.2 Functional components in goji berries 1346.3 Health benefits of goji berries 1396.4 Conclusions 141References 1417 Dried mulberries: phytochemicals and health effects 145Mine Gultekin Ozguven and Beraat Ozcelik7.1 Introduction 1457.2 Drying of mulberries 1467.3 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of mulberries 1467.4 Phytochemicals in mulberries and their by-products 1487.5 Natural antioxidants in mulberries 1517.6 Health effects of mulberries 1537.7 Food application of mulberries and their by-products 1557.8 Conclusions 156References 1578 Dried raspberries: phytochemicals and health effects 161Esteban I. Mejia-Meza, Jaime A. Yáñez, Neal M. Davies, and Carter D. Clary8.1 Introduction 1618.2 Dehydration of raspberries 1618.3 Phytochemicals in dried raspberries 1628.4 Antioxidants in dried raspberries 1698.5 Health benefits of dried raspberries 1718.6 Conclusions 172References 1729 Phytochemical antioxidants and health benefits of dried strawberries 175Rong Tsao and Hongyan li9.1 Introduction 1759.2 Phytochemicals 1769.3 Factors affecting phytochemicals 1809.4 Health benefits of strawberries 1829.5 Conclusions 186References 18610 Beneficial effects of dried berry fruits in human health and disease prevention 192Shirley Zafra-Stone, Manashi Bagchi, and Debasis Bagchi10.1 Introduction 19210.2 Antioxidant protection 19310.3 Cardiovascular health and metabolic syndrome 19310.4 Neuroprotection 19610.5 Anticancer activity 19710.6 Helicobacter pylori and inflammatory response 20310.7 Diabetes and vision 20410.8 Conclusions 205References 205Part 2 Nontropical Dried Fruits11 Phytochemicals and health benefits of dried apple snacks 213H.P. Vasantha Rupasinghe and Ajit P.K. Joshi11.1 Introduction 21311.2 Food applications of dried apple snacks 21311.3 Effects of drying methods and vacuum impregnation (VI) on apple phytochemicals 21411.4 Antioxidant capacity of dried apple snacks 21711.5 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of dried apple snacks 22011.6 Health benefits of fresh and dried apples 22211.7 Conclusions 222References 22312 Phytochemicals and health benefits of dried apricots 226Neslihan Göncüoğlu, Burçe Ataç Mogol, and Vural Gökmen12.1 Introduction 22612.2 Production 22612.3 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of dried apricots 22812.4 Phytochemicals in dried apricots 22912.5 Antioxidant activity of dried apricots 23212.6 Chemical changes during drying of apricots 23312.7 Effects of sulfur treatment on phytochemical content of apricots 23412.8 Health benefits of dried apricots 23612.9 Conclusions 239References 23913 Dried cherries: phytochemicals and health perspectives 243Letitia McCune13.1 Introduction 24313.2 Production 24313.3 Methods of drying 24413.4 Nutritional characteristics 24513.5 Antioxidant phytochemicals 24613.6 Health benefits 24813.7 Conclusions 253References 25314 Dried citrus fruits: phytochemicals and health beneficial effects 258Tzou-Chi Huang and Chi-Tang Ho14.1 Introduction 25814.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of citrus 25914.3 Phytochemicals in citrus 25914.4 Health effects of dried citrus peels 26714.5 Food application of citrus and their by-products 27414.6 Conclusions 276References 27615 Functional characteristics of dried figs 284Cesarettin Alasalvar15.1 Introduction 28415.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of fresh and dried figs 28415.3 Phytochemicals in dried figs 28815.4 Health benefits of dried figs 29615.5 Conclusions 296References 29716 Drying nectarines: functional compounds and antioxidant potential 300Daniel Valero, Huertas María Díaz-Mula, and María Serrano16.1 Introduction 30016.2 How to dry nectarines 30116.3 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of dried nectarines 30116.4 Phytochemicals in dried nectarines 30316.5 Health benefits of dried nectarines 30516.6 Commercial products and industrial applications of dried nectarines 30616.7 Conclusions 306References 30617 Phytochemical composition and health aspects of peach products 309Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla, Laura A. de la Rosa, Gustavo A. González-Aguilar, and Jesús F. Ayala-Zavala17.1 Introduction 30917.2 Compositional and nutritional changes of peaches during dehydration 31017.3 Phytochemicals in fresh and processed peaches 31217.4 Health effects of peaches 31817.5 Dry peaches and their by-products 32017.6 Conclusions 321Acknowledgments 321References 32118 Dried pears: phytochemicals and potential health effects 325Lisete Silva, Fereidoon Shahidi, and Manuel A. Coimbra18.1 Introduction 32518.2 Phytochemicals in pears 32618.3 Changes in phytochemical compounds during drying of pears 33318.4 Bioavailability and potential health effects 33818.5 Conclusions 346References 34719 Prunes: are they functional foods? 357Alessandra Del Caro and Antonio Piga19.1 Introduction 35719.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of prunes 35819.3 Phytochemicals in prunes and their by-products 36019.4 Natural antioxidant in prunes 36219.5 Health effects of prunes 36319.6 Food application of prunes and their by-products 36519.7 Conclusions 366References 36620 Raisins: processing, phytochemicals, and health benefits 372Fereidoon Shahidi and Zhuliang Tan20.1 Introduction 37220.2 Types of raisins 37220.3 Processing of raisins 37320.4 Composition of raisins 37620.5 Phytochemicals in raisins 37720.6 Bioactivities and health benefits of raisins 38420.7 Conclusions 387References 388Part 3 Tropical Dried Fruits21 Açai fruits: potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory superfruits with potential health benefits 395Alexander G. Schauss21.1 Introduction 39521.2 Compositional and nutrition characteristics of açai fruits 39621.3 Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of açai fruits 39821.4 Phytochemicals in açai fruits 40221.5 Processing of açai fruits for value-added products 40621.6 Conclusions 408References 40922 Bananas, dried bananas, and banana chips: nutritional characteristics, phytochemicals, and health effects 414Arianna Carughi22.1 Introduction 41422.2 Production and consumption 41422.3 Dried bananas or banana figs 41522.4 Dried and fried banana chips (crisps) 41622.5 Nutritional content of bananas, dried bananas, and banana chips 41622.6 Phytochemicals in bananas and dried fruit products 42122.7 Potential health benefits of dried bananas 42322.8 Conclusions 424References 42423 Nutritional composition, phytochemicals, and health benefits of dates 428Cesarettin Alasalvar and Fereidoon Shahidi23.1 Introduction 42823.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of fresh and dried dates 42923.3 Phytochemicals in fresh and dried dates 43223.4 Health benefits of dates 43823.5 Food application of dates, syrups, and their byproducts 43923.6 Conclusions 440References 44024 Neutraceutical properties of dried tropical fruits: guavas and papayas 444K. Nagendra Prasad, Azrina Azlan, and Barakatun Nisak Mohd Yusof24.1 Introduction 44424.2 Guavas 44524.3 Papayas 44924.4 Conclusions 453Acknowledgments 453References 45325 Dried mangoes: phytochemicals, antioxidant properties, and health benefits 457Fouad Abdulrahman Hassan, Sadeq Hasan Al-Sheraji, and Amin Ismail25.1 Introduction 45725.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of dried mangoes 45825.3 Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of dried mangoes 46025.4 Health benefits of dried mangoes 46525.5 Conclusions 466References 46626 Phytochemicals and health applications of dried passion and pineapple fruits 471Jian Sun, Li Li, Xiangrong You, Changbao Li, Zhichun Li, and Fen Liao26.1 Introduction 47126.2 Compositional and nutritional characteristics of dried passion and pineapple fruits 47226.3 Phytochemicals in dried passion and pineapple fruits 47326.4 Health benefits of dried passion and pineapple fruits 47926.5 Commercial products and industrial applications of dried passion and pineapple fruits 48226.6 Conclusions 482Acknowledgments 482References 483 Index 486