They Left Great Marks on Me

Kidada E. Williams is Assistant Professor of African American history at Wayne State University

"In They Left Great Marks on Me, Kidada Williams gives us a breakthrough in the reading of sources that reframe African American accounts of violence between the end of the Civil War and the beginning of the First World War. ... Kidada E. Williams has given us an insightful look into the everyday terror black southerners faced between emancipation and the First World War and how their retelling of that violence shaped movements to combat lynching, disfranchisement and extralegal & justice. Her study is important and suggests there is much more work to be done in recovering African American responses to post-emancipation white violence." (Journal of Social History) "Her work succeeds admirably, particularly in its demonstration that the best sources for historians to study racial violence come directly from the mouths of the African Americans who survived it." (Journal of American Ethnic History) "Williams has offered a fascinating new approach to the study of mob violence and provided a richer understanding of African American experiences under white supremacy." (Journal of American History) "In her important, beautifully written book, Kidada E. Williams powerfully intervenes in the academic narrative of lynching, recovering African American testimonies of white terror and what she calls the 'vernacular history' that blacks constructed with regard to white efforts tore-subjugate African Americans after Reconstruction...Williams's superlative interpretation of African American responses to racial violence should be read by all interested in the histories of American lynching and the African American experience." - Michael J. Pfeifer (American Historical Review) "The author of this study brilliantly telegraphs the significance of her work in the title of the book and examines how the savage violence inflicted upon African American men, women, and children from the close of the Civil War to Woodrow Wilson's war to 'make the world a safe democracy' wounded their bodies, psyches, and communities...Williams lifts the curtain on this sinister and brutal stage of American history to reveal pain and loss and African Americans' steely determination to resist subjugation by whites and to demand full citizenship from the federal government." - Allison Gloria Dorsey (Historian) "Williams analyzes one means by which African Americans resisted the brutalities of white violence from 1865 through the 1920s and the impact of this activity to support the subsequent successes of the post-WWII civil rights movements. Highly recommended." - E.R. Crowther (CHOICE) "Kidada Williams's They Left Great Marks on Me is an impressive and important contribution to our understanding of African American life after the Civil War. Whereas most previous scholars utilized the records of the Freedmen's Bureau and other agencies to document the causes, characteristics, and extent of anti-black violence during the postebellum period, Williams focuses on the importance of the testimony itself, especially to the African Americans who were brave enough to provide such testimony in the hostile environment of the era. She convincingly argues that this act of testifying itself was one of the galvanizing forces for the movement that eventually produced a host of civil rights activists at the turn of the twentieth century. While lifting up the transformative power of public testimony, Ms. Williams also helps re-center the discussion of white-on-black violence in the late nineteenth century, which all too often focuses on the most spectacular form of violence during that period, lynching, to the detriment of the more common and arguably more important day-to-day violence suffered by African Americans. This is an important work that should be widely read by all those interested in late nineteenth century America and the origins of the civil rights movement of the 20th century." (William D. Carrigan, Rowan University, and author of The Making of a Lynching Culture)

• Acknowledgments Introduction 1 "The Special Object of Hatred and Persecution": The Terror of Emancipation 2 "A Long Series of Oppression, Injustice, and Violence": The Purgatory of Sectional Reconciliation 3 "Lynched, Burned Alive, Jim-Crowed ... in My Country": Shaping Responses to the Descent to Hell 4 "If You Can, the Colored Needs Help": Reaching Out from Local Communities 5 "It Is Not for Us to Run Away from Violence": Fueling the NAACP's Antilynching Crusade Epilogue: Closer to the Promised Land Notes Works Cited Index About the Author