John Torpey is Professor of Sociology at the CUNY Graduate Center. He is the author or editor of several books, including Making Whole What has Been Smashed: On Reparations Politics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006); Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations after the Iraq War (edited with Daniel Levy and Max Pensky; London and New York: Verso, 2005); Politics and the Past: On Repairing Historical Injustices (ed.), Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003; Documenting Individual Identity: The Development of State Practices in the Modern World (co-edited with Jane Caplan), Princeton University Press, 2001; and The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship, and the State, Cambridge University Press, 2000. His interests lie broadly in the area of comparative historical sociology and his current research focuses on the problem of "American exceptionalism."

• Introduction - intellectuals and politics; the making of an East German intelligentsia; intellectuals, the state and opposition, 1956-80; the intelligentsia and the development of opposition in the GDR during the 1980s; the intelligentsia in the socialist denouement, 1989 - exodus and opposition in the East German transformation; the prophets outcast - the end of the GDR and the coming of unification, 1989-90; the abortive revolution continues - East German civil rights activists after unification.

John Torpey is Professor of Sociology at the CUNY Graduate Center. He is the author or editor of several books, including Making Whole What has Been Smashed: On Reparations Politics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006); Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations after the Iraq War (edited with Daniel Levy and Max Pensky; London and New York: Verso, 2005); Politics and the Past: On Repairing Historical Injustices (ed.), Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003; Documenting Individual Identity: The Development of State Practices in the Modern World (co-edited with Jane Caplan), Princeton University Press, 2001; and The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship, and the State, Cambridge University Press, 2000. His interests lie broadly in the area of comparative historical sociology and his current research focuses on the problem of "American exceptionalism."

• Introduction - intellectuals and politics; the making of an East German intelligentsia; intellectuals, the state and opposition, 1956-80; the intelligentsia and the development of opposition in the GDR during the 1980s; the intelligentsia in the socialist denouement, 1989 - exodus and opposition in the East German transformation; the prophets outcast - the end of the GDR and the coming of unification, 1989-90; the abortive revolution continues - East German civil rights activists after unification.

John Torpey is Professor of Sociology at the CUNY Graduate Center. He is the author or editor of several books, including Making Whole What has Been Smashed: On Reparations Politics (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006); Old Europe, New Europe, Core Europe: Transatlantic Relations after the Iraq War (edited with Daniel Levy and Max Pensky; London and New York: Verso, 2005); Politics and the Past: On Repairing Historical Injustices (ed.), Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003; Documenting Individual Identity: The Development of State Practices in the Modern World (co-edited with Jane Caplan), Princeton University Press, 2001; and The Invention of the Passport: Surveillance, Citizenship, and the State, Cambridge University Press, 2000. His interests lie broadly in the area of comparative historical sociology and his current research focuses on the problem of "American exceptionalism."

• Introduction - intellectuals and politics; the making of an East German intelligentsia; intellectuals, the state and opposition, 1956-80; the intelligentsia and the development of opposition in the GDR during the 1980s; the intelligentsia in the socialist denouement, 1989 - exodus and opposition in the East German transformation; the prophets outcast - the end of the GDR and the coming of unification, 1989-90; the abortive revolution continues - East German civil rights activists after unification.