Shawn Michelle Smith is Associate Professor of American Studies at Saint Louis University. She is the author of American Archives: Gender, Race, and Class in Visual Culture.

“Photography on the Color Line should be widely read and widely taught. In this outstanding book, Shawn Michelle Smith has offered not only a spirited reading of a historically important group of photographs but also a methodology and theoretical grounding that are widely applicable even beyond the specific archive of the Du Bois photographs.”-Laura Wexler, author of Tender Violence: Domestic Visions in an Age of U.S. Imperialism “Photography on the Color Line is both a complicated and fascinating read on race, human displays at expositions, and Du Bois’s notion of double consciousness. It is groundbreaking work on the Du Boisian concept of life on the color line.”-Deborah Willis, coauthor of A Small Nation of People: W. E. B. Du Bois and African American Portraits of Progress

• List of Illustrations ixAcknowledgments xvINTRODUCTION Photography on the Color Line 1CHAPTER ONE Envisioning Race 25CHAPTER TWO The Art of Scientific Propaganda 43CHAPTER THREE “Families of Undoubted Respectability” 7CHAPTER FOUR Spectacles of Whiteness:The Photography of Lynching 113EPILOGUE The Archivist in the Archive 147Notes 161Bibliography 203Index 217

Shawn Michelle Smith is Associate Professor of American Studies at Saint Louis University. She is the author of American Archives: Gender, Race, and Class in Visual Culture.

“Photography on the Color Line should be widely read and widely taught. In this outstanding book, Shawn Michelle Smith has offered not only a spirited reading of a historically important group of photographs but also a methodology and theoretical grounding that are widely applicable even beyond the specific archive of the Du Bois photographs.”-Laura Wexler, author of Tender Violence: Domestic Visions in an Age of U.S. Imperialism “Photography on the Color Line is both a complicated and fascinating read on race, human displays at expositions, and Du Bois’s notion of double consciousness. It is groundbreaking work on the Du Boisian concept of life on the color line.”-Deborah Willis, coauthor of A Small Nation of People: W. E. B. Du Bois and African American Portraits of Progress

• List of Illustrations ixAcknowledgments xvINTRODUCTION Photography on the Color Line 1CHAPTER ONE Envisioning Race 25CHAPTER TWO The Art of Scientific Propaganda 43CHAPTER THREE “Families of Undoubted Respectability” 7CHAPTER FOUR Spectacles of Whiteness:The Photography of Lynching 113EPILOGUE The Archivist in the Archive 147Notes 161Bibliography 203Index 217

Shawn Michelle Smith is Associate Professor of American Studies at Saint Louis University. She is the author of American Archives: Gender, Race, and Class in Visual Culture.

“Photography on the Color Line should be widely read and widely taught. In this outstanding book, Shawn Michelle Smith has offered not only a spirited reading of a historically important group of photographs but also a methodology and theoretical grounding that are widely applicable even beyond the specific archive of the Du Bois photographs.”-Laura Wexler, author of Tender Violence: Domestic Visions in an Age of U.S. Imperialism “Photography on the Color Line is both a complicated and fascinating read on race, human displays at expositions, and Du Bois’s notion of double consciousness. It is groundbreaking work on the Du Boisian concept of life on the color line.”-Deborah Willis, coauthor of A Small Nation of People: W. E. B. Du Bois and African American Portraits of Progress

• List of Illustrations ixAcknowledgments xvINTRODUCTION Photography on the Color Line 1CHAPTER ONE Envisioning Race 25CHAPTER TWO The Art of Scientific Propaganda 43CHAPTER THREE “Families of Undoubted Respectability” 7CHAPTER FOUR Spectacles of Whiteness:The Photography of Lynching 113EPILOGUE The Archivist in the Archive 147Notes 161Bibliography 203Index 217