Michael T. Martin is Professor of African American and African Diaspora Studies and Director of the Black Film Center/Archive at Indiana University. He is the editor of New Latin American Cinema and Cinemas of the Black Diaspora and a coeditor of Studies of Development and Change in the Modern World.Marilyn Yaquinto is Assistant Professor of Communication at Truman State University. She is the author of Pump ‘Em Full of Lead: A Look at Gangsters on Film and a former journalist with the Los Angeles Times.

“A truly impressive achievement in its range of approaches, depth of analysis, and variety of sources, this book should immediately become the definitive text on the subject of reparations for black Americans.”- Charles W. Mills, John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy, Northwestern University “It will be far harder to dismiss the deeply resonant and persistent demand for reparations in the wake of this remarkable collection of interdisciplinary research and historical documentation. This monumental work is ideal for teaching how history and policy intersect.”-David Roediger, Kendrick C. Babcock Professor of History, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign “For educators, this book is fundamentally useful. . . . Most helpful for the classroom, though, is the final section of primary sources. These include federal acts and resolutions, state legislation, municipal resolutions, seminal documents from activist organizations, case studies of redress, and opinions from key lawsuits. I doubt there is another work that houses these reparations-specific documents with this level of precision. Nor is there one volume with as much intellectual depth and breadth on this crucial topic.” - Robert Samuel Smith (Journal of Southern History)

• Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xixOn Redress for Racial Injustice / Michael T. Martin and Marilyn Yaquinto 1Part 1. Racial Inequality and White Privilege Racial Injustices in U.S. History and Their Legacy / David Lyons 33Race Preferences and Race Privileges / Michael K. Brown, Martin Carnoy, Elliott Currie, Troy Duster, David B. Oppenheimer, Marjorie M. Shultz, and David Wellman 55A Sociology of Wealth and Racial Inequality / Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro 91Part 2. Law, Citizenship, and the State The Case for Reparations / Robert Fullinwider 121Toward a Theory of Racial Reparations / James Bolner 134The Constitutionality of Black Reparations / Boris L. Bittker and Roy L. Brooks 143The Theory of Restitution: The African American Case / Richard America 160Reparations to African Americans? / J. Angelo Corlett 170Part 3. Reparations: Formation and Modes of Redress "A Day of Reckoning": Dreams of Reparations / Robin D. G. Kelley 203Forty Acres, or, An Act of Bad Faith / Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie 222The Economic Basis for Reparations to Black America / Robert S. Browne 238The Political Economy of Ending Racism and the World Conference against Racism: The Economics of Reparations / William Darity Jr. and Dania Frank 249The Rise of the Reparations Movement / Martha Biondi 255Part 4. Case Studies of Injustice and Intervention Nineteenth-Century New York City's Complicity with Slavery: Documenting the Case for Reparations / Alan Singer 275Railroads, Race, and Reparations / Theodore Kornweibel Jr. 294Reparations: A Viable Strategy to Address the Enigma of African American Health / David R. Williams and Chiquita Collins 305Residential Segregation and Persistent Urban Poverty / Douglas S. Massey 331Part 5. Mobilizing Strategies The Politics of Racial Reparations / Charles P. Henry 353The Case for U.S. Reparations to African Americans / Adrienne D. Davis 371The Promises and Pitfalls of Reparations / Yusuf Nuruddin 379Reparation as Reparations for Slavery and Jim Crow / Robert Johnson Jr. 402What's Next? Japanese American Redress and African American Reparations / Eric K. Yamamoto 411The Reparations Movement: An Assessment of Recent and Current Activism / Sam Anderson, Muntu Matsimela, and Yusuf Nuruddin 427Reparations: Strategic Considerations for Black Americans / C. J. Munford 447Tulsa Reparations: The Survivors' Story / Charles J. Ogletree Jr. 452Race for Power: The Global Balance of Power and Reparations / Gerald Horne 469Documents Section 1. Federal Acts and Resolutions 485Section 2. State Legislation 518Section 3. Municipal Resolutions 536Section 4. Advocacy and Activism 559Section 5. Case Studies of Redress 637Section 6. Lawsuits 660Selected Bibliography 673Contributors 683Acknowledgment of Copyrights 687Index 691

Michael T. Martin is Professor of African American and African Diaspora Studies and Director of the Black Film Center/Archive at Indiana University. He is the editor of New Latin American Cinema and Cinemas of the Black Diaspora and a coeditor of Studies of Development and Change in the Modern World.Marilyn Yaquinto is Assistant Professor of Communication at Truman State University. She is the author of Pump ‘Em Full of Lead: A Look at Gangsters on Film and a former journalist with the Los Angeles Times.

“A truly impressive achievement in its range of approaches, depth of analysis, and variety of sources, this book should immediately become the definitive text on the subject of reparations for black Americans.”- Charles W. Mills, John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy, Northwestern University “It will be far harder to dismiss the deeply resonant and persistent demand for reparations in the wake of this remarkable collection of interdisciplinary research and historical documentation. This monumental work is ideal for teaching how history and policy intersect.”-David Roediger, Kendrick C. Babcock Professor of History, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign “For educators, this book is fundamentally useful. . . . Most helpful for the classroom, though, is the final section of primary sources. These include federal acts and resolutions, state legislation, municipal resolutions, seminal documents from activist organizations, case studies of redress, and opinions from key lawsuits. I doubt there is another work that houses these reparations-specific documents with this level of precision. Nor is there one volume with as much intellectual depth and breadth on this crucial topic.” - Robert Samuel Smith (Journal of Southern History)

• Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xixOn Redress for Racial Injustice / Michael T. Martin and Marilyn Yaquinto 1Part 1. Racial Inequality and White Privilege Racial Injustices in U.S. History and Their Legacy / David Lyons 33Race Preferences and Race Privileges / Michael K. Brown, Martin Carnoy, Elliott Currie, Troy Duster, David B. Oppenheimer, Marjorie M. Shultz, and David Wellman 55A Sociology of Wealth and Racial Inequality / Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro 91Part 2. Law, Citizenship, and the State The Case for Reparations / Robert Fullinwider 121Toward a Theory of Racial Reparations / James Bolner 134The Constitutionality of Black Reparations / Boris L. Bittker and Roy L. Brooks 143The Theory of Restitution: The African American Case / Richard America 160Reparations to African Americans? / J. Angelo Corlett 170Part 3. Reparations: Formation and Modes of Redress "A Day of Reckoning": Dreams of Reparations / Robin D. G. Kelley 203Forty Acres, or, An Act of Bad Faith / Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie 222The Economic Basis for Reparations to Black America / Robert S. Browne 238The Political Economy of Ending Racism and the World Conference against Racism: The Economics of Reparations / William Darity Jr. and Dania Frank 249The Rise of the Reparations Movement / Martha Biondi 255Part 4. Case Studies of Injustice and Intervention Nineteenth-Century New York City's Complicity with Slavery: Documenting the Case for Reparations / Alan Singer 275Railroads, Race, and Reparations / Theodore Kornweibel Jr. 294Reparations: A Viable Strategy to Address the Enigma of African American Health / David R. Williams and Chiquita Collins 305Residential Segregation and Persistent Urban Poverty / Douglas S. Massey 331Part 5. Mobilizing Strategies The Politics of Racial Reparations / Charles P. Henry 353The Case for U.S. Reparations to African Americans / Adrienne D. Davis 371The Promises and Pitfalls of Reparations / Yusuf Nuruddin 379Reparation as Reparations for Slavery and Jim Crow / Robert Johnson Jr. 402What's Next? Japanese American Redress and African American Reparations / Eric K. Yamamoto 411The Reparations Movement: An Assessment of Recent and Current Activism / Sam Anderson, Muntu Matsimela, and Yusuf Nuruddin 427Reparations: Strategic Considerations for Black Americans / C. J. Munford 447Tulsa Reparations: The Survivors' Story / Charles J. Ogletree Jr. 452Race for Power: The Global Balance of Power and Reparations / Gerald Horne 469Documents Section 1. Federal Acts and Resolutions 485Section 2. State Legislation 518Section 3. Municipal Resolutions 536Section 4. Advocacy and Activism 559Section 5. Case Studies of Redress 637Section 6. Lawsuits 660Selected Bibliography 673Contributors 683Acknowledgment of Copyrights 687Index 691

Michael T. Martin is Professor of African American and African Diaspora Studies and Director of the Black Film Center/Archive at Indiana University. He is the editor of New Latin American Cinema and Cinemas of the Black Diaspora and a coeditor of Studies of Development and Change in the Modern World.Marilyn Yaquinto is Assistant Professor of Communication at Truman State University. She is the author of Pump ‘Em Full of Lead: A Look at Gangsters on Film and a former journalist with the Los Angeles Times.

“A truly impressive achievement in its range of approaches, depth of analysis, and variety of sources, this book should immediately become the definitive text on the subject of reparations for black Americans.”- Charles W. Mills, John Evans Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy, Northwestern University “It will be far harder to dismiss the deeply resonant and persistent demand for reparations in the wake of this remarkable collection of interdisciplinary research and historical documentation. This monumental work is ideal for teaching how history and policy intersect.”-David Roediger, Kendrick C. Babcock Professor of History, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign “For educators, this book is fundamentally useful. . . . Most helpful for the classroom, though, is the final section of primary sources. These include federal acts and resolutions, state legislation, municipal resolutions, seminal documents from activist organizations, case studies of redress, and opinions from key lawsuits. I doubt there is another work that houses these reparations-specific documents with this level of precision. Nor is there one volume with as much intellectual depth and breadth on this crucial topic.” - Robert Samuel Smith (Journal of Southern History)

• Preface xiiiAcknowledgments xixOn Redress for Racial Injustice / Michael T. Martin and Marilyn Yaquinto 1Part 1. Racial Inequality and White Privilege Racial Injustices in U.S. History and Their Legacy / David Lyons 33Race Preferences and Race Privileges / Michael K. Brown, Martin Carnoy, Elliott Currie, Troy Duster, David B. Oppenheimer, Marjorie M. Shultz, and David Wellman 55A Sociology of Wealth and Racial Inequality / Melvin L. Oliver and Thomas M. Shapiro 91Part 2. Law, Citizenship, and the State The Case for Reparations / Robert Fullinwider 121Toward a Theory of Racial Reparations / James Bolner 134The Constitutionality of Black Reparations / Boris L. Bittker and Roy L. Brooks 143The Theory of Restitution: The African American Case / Richard America 160Reparations to African Americans? / J. Angelo Corlett 170Part 3. Reparations: Formation and Modes of Redress "A Day of Reckoning": Dreams of Reparations / Robin D. G. Kelley 203Forty Acres, or, An Act of Bad Faith / Jeffrey R. Kerr-Ritchie 222The Economic Basis for Reparations to Black America / Robert S. Browne 238The Political Economy of Ending Racism and the World Conference against Racism: The Economics of Reparations / William Darity Jr. and Dania Frank 249The Rise of the Reparations Movement / Martha Biondi 255Part 4. Case Studies of Injustice and Intervention Nineteenth-Century New York City's Complicity with Slavery: Documenting the Case for Reparations / Alan Singer 275Railroads, Race, and Reparations / Theodore Kornweibel Jr. 294Reparations: A Viable Strategy to Address the Enigma of African American Health / David R. Williams and Chiquita Collins 305Residential Segregation and Persistent Urban Poverty / Douglas S. Massey 331Part 5. Mobilizing Strategies The Politics of Racial Reparations / Charles P. Henry 353The Case for U.S. Reparations to African Americans / Adrienne D. Davis 371The Promises and Pitfalls of Reparations / Yusuf Nuruddin 379Reparation as Reparations for Slavery and Jim Crow / Robert Johnson Jr. 402What's Next? Japanese American Redress and African American Reparations / Eric K. Yamamoto 411The Reparations Movement: An Assessment of Recent and Current Activism / Sam Anderson, Muntu Matsimela, and Yusuf Nuruddin 427Reparations: Strategic Considerations for Black Americans / C. J. Munford 447Tulsa Reparations: The Survivors' Story / Charles J. Ogletree Jr. 452Race for Power: The Global Balance of Power and Reparations / Gerald Horne 469Documents Section 1. Federal Acts and Resolutions 485Section 2. State Legislation 518Section 3. Municipal Resolutions 536Section 4. Advocacy and Activism 559Section 5. Case Studies of Redress 637Section 6. Lawsuits 660Selected Bibliography 673Contributors 683Acknowledgment of Copyrights 687Index 691