Crafting Mexico

Rick A. LÓpez is Associate Professor of History at Amherst College.

“Crafting Mexico is an important and original contribution to the literature onvisual arts in national ideologies. The detailed history, sophisticated analyses, intriguing case studies, and wonderful black and white and color photographs make this book essential to the library of anyone interested in Mexican popular art. “ - Michael Chibnik, Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology “Crafting MÉxico is a major contribution to the growing literature on nation, revolution, and indigenismo in postrevolutionary Mexico. . . . This fascinating and richly illustrated book is a fitting testimony to over a decade of exhaustive research and careful writing. It will surely serve as a model for future work.” - Stephen E. Lewis, The Americas “Crafting Mexico is an impressive work of cultural and intellectual historythat is unique in analyzing the intersection of grassroots practices withintellectual currents. It should gain an audience among scholars of stateformation beyond Mexico or Latin America.” - Robert F. Alegre, History: Reviews of New Books “Rick A. LÓpez tells the fascinating story of how folk art produced by anonymous potters, weavers, and wood carvers became a ‘proud symbol of Mexico’s authentic national identity’ (p. 2). His excellent monograph advances our understanding of Mexico’s cultural revolution-the state policies, artistic movements, and commercial developments that transformed a regionally fragmented postwar society into a unified nationstate with an ethnically inclusive national identity.” - Michael Snodgrass, American Historical Review “Crafting Mexico reminds us that quality scholarship does not resort to sweeping generalizations but rather assesses what is often a complex situation case by case. It is an impressive interdisciplinary study that adds much to our appreciation of modern Mexican culture and society.” - Andrew Grant Wood, Hispanic American Historical Review “Crafting Mexico covers much new territory. Its linkage of local, national, and transnational history is exemplary.”-Mary Kay Vaughan, co-editor of The Eagle and the Virgin: Nation and Cultural Revolution in Mexico, 1920–1940 “In recent decades, historians of twentieth-century Mexico have reshaped the way we understand state and nation formation-particularly popular constructions of the national-and the role that foreign actors have played in brokering Mexico’s distinctive, transnational process of becoming modern. Crafting Mexico represents a culminating moment in these inquiries. Better than any study I know, it wrestles with the complex process whereby Mexico transformed itself from a fragmented society, driven by regional loyalties, linguistic and cultural particularism, and caudillo politics, into one of the hemisphere’s most unified nations. Part of the answer, Rick A. LÓpez argues masterfully, lies in a surprisingly contingent aesthetic and political process that embraced foreign and local actors, cosmopolitan intellectuals and indigenous crafts producers, and a panoply of state and private initiatives. Deftly integrating analytical and spatial dimensions, and bridging temporal boundaries, Crafting Mexico is a substantial achievement.”-Gilbert M. Joseph, co-editor of Fragments of a Golden Age: The Politics of Culture in Mexico since 1940 “Crafting MÉxico is a major contribution to the growing literature on nation, revolution, and indigenismo in postrevolutionary Mexico. . . . This fascinating and richly illustrated book is a fitting testimony to over a decade of exhaustive research and careful writing. It will surely serve as a model for future work.” - Stephen E. Lewis (The Americas) “Crafting Mexico is an important and original contribution to the literature onvisual arts in national ideologies. The detailed history, sophisticated analyses, intriguing case studies, and wonderful black and white and color photographs make this book essential to the library of anyone interested in Mexican popular art. “ - Michael Chibnik (Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology) “Crafting Mexico is an impressive work of cultural and intellectual historythat is unique in analyzing the intersection of grassroots practices withintellectual currents. It should gain an audience among scholars of stateformation beyond Mexico or Latin America.” - Robert F. Alegre (History: Reviews of New Books) “Crafting Mexico reminds us that quality scholarship does not resort to sweeping generalizations but rather assesses what is often a complex situation case by case. It is an impressive interdisciplinary study that adds much to our appreciation of modern Mexican culture and society.” - Andrew Grant Wood Hispanic (American Historical Review) “Rick A. LÓpez tells the fascinating story of how folk art produced by anonymous potters, weavers, and wood carvers became a ‘proud symbol of Mexico’s authentic national identity’ (p. 2). His excellent monograph advances our understanding of Mexico’s cultural revolution-the state policies, artistic movements, and commercial developments that transformed a regionally fragmented postwar society into a unified nationstate with an ethnically inclusive national identity.” - Michael Snodgrass (American Historical Review)

• List of Illustrations viiAcknowledgments ixIntroduction: Nation Formation, Popular Art, and the Search for a Mexican Aesthetic 1Part I. Indianness and the Postrevolutionary Mexican Nation 271. Ethnicizing the Nation: The India Bonita Contest of 1921 292. Popular Art and the Staging of Indianness 653. Foreign-Mexican Collaboration, 1920–1940 954. The Postrevolutionary Cultural Project, 1916–1938 1275. The Museum and the Market, 1929–1948 1516. Formulating a State Policy toward Popular Art, 1937–1974 175Part II. Alternative Narratives of Metropolitan Intervention: The Artisans of OlinalÁ, Guerrero 1957. The "Unbroken Tradition" of Olinalá from the Aztecs through the Revolution 2018. Transnational Renaissance and Local Power Struggles, 1920s to 1950s 2299. The Road to Olinalá, 1935–1972 263Conclusions 289Notes 299Bibliography 349Index 381