Lettered Mountain

Frank Salomon is the John V. Murra Professor of Anthropology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. He is the author of The Cord Keepers: Khipus and Cultural Life in a Peruvian Village, also published by Duke University Press.Mercedes NiÑo-Murcia is Chair of the Department of Spanish and Portuguese and Associate Director of the Division of World Languages, Literatures, and Cultures at the University of Iowa. She is a co-editor of Bilingualism and Identity: Spanish at the Crossroads with Other Languages.

“The Lettered Mountain is destined to become a classic. Tracing the deep and rich history of writing and text production from the time of the Inka Empire to the present day, Frank Salomon and Mercedes NiÑo-Murcia have written a work that will transform our understanding of the nature, implications, and the consequences of literacy in communities that have, until now, been assumed to be outside the realm of the ‘lettered.’ It is a fascinating and highly stimulating read.”-Gary Urton, Harvard University “The Lettered Mountain should surprise many readers. Frank Salomon’s and Mercedes NiÑo-Murcia’s arguments concerning the passage from khipu to alphabetic literacy and the deep roots of alphabetic writing in rural Peru challenge traditional ethnographic portraits of Andean culture as exclusively oral. Their case for refocusing our attention away from schooled literacy and toward forms of legal literacy whose origins go back to the colonial period is backed by insightful ethnography. The Lettered Mountain forces us to see the Andes in a new light, without losing sight of the themes that were important to Andeanists in the past.”-Joanne Rappaport, co-author of Beyond the Lettered City: Indigenous Literacies in the Andes “[A]s the first ethnography of local writing and archiving practices, [The Lettered Mountain] does a marvelous job of describing the centrality of literacy to Andean societies of past and present…With Salomon and NiÑo-Murcia’s important ethnography, ignoring Andean writing is no longer possible.” - S. Elizabeth Penry (American Historical Review) In The Lettered Mountain, Frank Salomon and Mercedes NiÑo-Murcia explore the evolution of alphabetic literacy in Andean villages, providing a valuable historical overview of this theme from Inka times to the present…. It is further evidence of the complex interplay between socio-political conditions and epistemology and how “Western” visions of modernity are now under siege the world over.” - Gavin O'Toole (Latin American Review of Books) "The Lettered Mountain provides historians with a rich template for understanding how peasant archives are constructed in the Andes." - Alan Durston (Journal of American History) “Simply put, The Lettered Mountain is a beautifully written book and a must read for those interested in multiple literacies, historiography, and ethnography, as well as colonial and contemporary Latin America.” - Judy Kalman (Hispanic American Historical Review)

• Illustrations xiTables xvPreface xviiIntroduction. Peru and the Ethnography of Writing 11. An Andean Community Writes Itself 312. From Khipu to Narrative 713. A Tale of Two Lettered Cities: Schooling from Ayllu to State 1254. "Papelito Manda": The Power of Writing 1535. Power over Writing: Academy and Ayllu 1826. Writing and the Rehearsal of the Past 2217. Village and Diaspora as Deterritorialized Library 261Conclusions 285Appendix. Examples of Document Genres 297Notes 301References 311Index 351