Étienne Balibar (Author) Étienne Balibar is Professor Emeritus of Moral and Political Philosophy at Université de Paris X–Nanterre; Distinguished Professor of Humanities at the University of California, Irvine; and Visiting Professor of French at Columbia University. His many books include Citizen Subject (Fordham, 2016); Equaliberty (Duke, 2014); We, the People of Europe? (Princeton, 2003); The Philosophy of Marx (Verso, new ed. 2017); and two important coauthored books, Race, Nation, Class (with Immanuel Wallerstein, Verso, 1988) and Reading Capital (with Louis Althusser and others, Verso, new ed. 2016).Joshua David Jordan (Translator) Joshua David Jordan translates twentieth- and twenty-first-century French prose and poetry. A specialist in the work of Henri Michaux, he teaches French literature and language at Fordham University. In 2015, he received a French Voices Award for his translation of David Lapoujade's Aberrant Movements: The Philosophy of Gilles Deleuze.

• Preface: Equivocity of the Universal vii1 Racism, Sexism, Universalism: A Reply to Joan Scott and Judith Butler 1Racism and sexism: a single "community"? 5The institution and discriminatory function of the universal 8"Human essence," "normality," and "anthropological differences" 142 Constructions and Deconstructions of the Universal 19First Lecture 19Second Lecture 393 Sub Specie Universitatis: Speaking the Universal in Philosophy 59Strategies of disjunction 65Strategies of subsumption 69Strategies of translation 754 On Universalism: In Dialogue with Alain Badiou 845 A New Quarrel 96Anthropological differences and "human" subjectivity 97The desire to know 103Three aporias of universality 105"Les langues se parlent" 115Notes 121

Étienne Balibar (Author) Étienne Balibar is Professor Emeritus of Moral and Political Philosophy at Université de Paris X–Nanterre; Distinguished Professor of Humanities at the University of California, Irvine; and Visiting Professor of French at Columbia University. His many books include Citizen Subject (Fordham, 2016); Equaliberty (Duke, 2014); We, the People of Europe? (Princeton, 2003); The Philosophy of Marx (Verso, new ed. 2017); and two important coauthored books, Race, Nation, Class (with Immanuel Wallerstein, Verso, 1988) and Reading Capital (with Louis Althusser and others, Verso, new ed. 2016).Joshua David Jordan (Translator) Joshua David Jordan translates twentieth- and twenty-first-century French prose and poetry. A specialist in the work of Henri Michaux, he teaches French literature and language at Fordham University. In 2015, he received a French Voices Award for his translation of David Lapoujade's Aberrant Movements: The Philosophy of Gilles Deleuze.

• Preface: Equivocity of the Universal vii1 Racism, Sexism, Universalism: A Reply to Joan Scott and Judith Butler 1Racism and sexism: a single "community"? 5The institution and discriminatory function of the universal 8"Human essence," "normality," and "anthropological differences" 142 Constructions and Deconstructions of the Universal 19First Lecture 19Second Lecture 393 Sub Specie Universitatis: Speaking the Universal in Philosophy 59Strategies of disjunction 65Strategies of subsumption 69Strategies of translation 754 On Universalism: In Dialogue with Alain Badiou 845 A New Quarrel 96Anthropological differences and "human" subjectivity 97The desire to know 103Three aporias of universality 105"Les langues se parlent" 115Notes 121