Between Prague Spring and French May

Martin Klimke is a Research Fellow at the German Historical Institute, Washington, DC and the Heidelberg Center for American Studies (HCA) at Heidelberg University, Germany. He is the author of The Other Alliance: Student Protest in West Germany and the United States in the Global Sixties (2010) and A Breath of Freedom: The Civil Rights Struggle, African American GIs, and Germany (with Maria Hohn, 2010). He also co-edited 1968. Handbuch zur Kultur- und Mediengeschichte der Studentenbewegung (2007); 1968 in Europe. A History of Protest and Activism, 1956-77 (2008); and Changing the World, Changing Oneself: Political Protest and Collective Identities in West Germany and the U.S. in the 1960s and 1970s (2010). Jacco Pekelder is Senior Lecturer at the History Department of Utrecht University and Fellow (2010-2011) at the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities and Social Sciences in Wassenaar (NIAS). From 2002 to 2007 he was Research Coordinator of the Germany Institute at Amsterdam University (DIA). His publications include Die Niederlande und die DDR: Bildformung und Beziehungen, 1949-1989 (2002) and Sympathie voor de RAF. De Rote Armee Fraktion in Nederland, 1970-1980 (2007). Joachim Scharloth is Professor at Dokkyo University, Tokyo. His research focuses on the history of language, socio-linguistics, social movements, as well as discourse semantics. He is the author of Sprachnormen und Mentalitaten. Sprachbewusstseinsgeschichte in Deutschland im Zeitraum von 1766 und 1785 (2005) and co-editor of 1968. Handbuch zur Kultur- und Mediengeschichte der Studentenbewegung (2007), as well as 1968 in Europe. A History of Protest and Activism, 1956-77 (2008).

“The well-footnoted chapters are based on extensive research. There is an extensive bibliography and a 25-page chronology of events in 1968.” · Choice“This collection of thought-provoking essays on the protest movements in Europe in the 1960s and 1970s—from Britain, Germany, France and the Nordic countries in the west to Romania, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia in the east—shows the advantages of a multidisciplinary, transnational approach to the study of mass protest. At the end of the book is a handy chronology of important events and a comprehensive bibliography. The well-referenced Introduction provides useful background information on the political atmosphere in both Western and Eastern Europe in the period.” · European Legacy“This volume offers many new insights into the complex history of 1968 on both sides of the Iron Curtain, bringing awareness to developments in smaller countries such as Yugoslavia, Denmark, and Norway that are usually omitted in existing literature. These essays should assist scholars studying Europe in the postwar period to transcend reductionist national narratives. The seventh volume of the Protest, Culture, and Society series is another welcome contribution to a much-needed and more comprehensive view of historical and cultural change in Europe around the mystical year of 1968.” · Journal of Cold War Studies“A wonderful work of collaborative and comparative history, truly international in scope. The authors teach at universities in nine different European nations, plus the United States and Japan. (…) The book will be of immense value to a wide range of specialists and can also be profitably read by anyone who lived through and wants to understand better the excitement, pain, trauma, and occasional triumphs of 1968, looking backward to 1960 and ahead to 1980 to place that extraordinary year in perspective.“ · David L. Schalk, William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of History, Emeritus Vassar College“This volume is a very good contribution to historical studies, and for the study of transnational protest movements. Its strength derives from the variety of cases presented and from its focus on sub- or nonstate actors in a good selection of European countries.” · Memory Studies“…[uses] a wide range of disciplines, including linguistic analysis of the transmission of protest language… The vast array of different approaches is at times dizzying, but contributes to a remarkable survey of the social reality of the period. These [essays] also confront one of the more unpleasant aspects of the movements of the era – their relationship to armed struggle… The scholars included here confront this history in all its messy and sometimes unpleasant detail. The result is a bold reappraisal of the sometimes naïve, sometimes dangerous, but always courageous confrontation of one generation with the world it was meant to inherit.” · Comparativ. Leipziger Beiträge zur Universalgeschichte“Too often the protests of the 1960s are narrowly confined to the events of one year – 1968 – or to the same familiar set of countries. This welcome book offers broader vistas that includes European countries, big and small, from both sides of the Iron Curtain. In doing so, the authors allow us to transcend worn national narratives and reflect more broadly on how a whole continent was changed by the promise of global change and revolution. This book is thus an important addition for anyone seriously studying Europe in the postwar period.” ·James C. Kennedy, Author of Building New Babylon: The Netherlands in the 1960s, Professor of Dutch History since the Middle Ages, University of Amsterdam

• List of Figures Introduction Martin Klimke, Jacco Pekelder and Joachim Scharloth PART I: POLITICS BETWEEN EAST AND WEST Chapter 1. 'Out of Apathy': Genealogies and Meanings of the British 'New Left' in a Transnational Context, 1956-1962 Holger Nehring Chapter 2. Early Voices of Dissent: Czechoslovakian Student Opposition at the Beginning of the 1960s Zdenek Nebrensky Chapter 3. National Ways to Socialism? - The Left and the Nation in Denmark and Sweden Thomas Jorgensen Chapter 4. The Parti communiste francaisin May 1968: The Impossible Revolution? Maud Bracke Chapter 5. 1968 in Yugoslavia - Student Revolt between East and West Boris Kanzleiter PART II: PROTEST WITHOUT BORDERS: RECONTEXTUALIZATION OF PROTEST CULTURES Chapter 6. Johnson War Criminal!A" - The Vietnam Movements in the Netherlands Rimko van der Maar Chapter 7. Shifting Boundaries: Transnational Identification and Disassociation in Protest Language Andreas Rothenhofer Chapter 8. A Tale of Two Communes: The Private and the Political in late 1960s Berlin Timothy Brown Chapter 9. Indiani MetropolitaniA" and StadtindianerA": Representing Autonomy in Italy and West-Germany Sebastian Hauman PART III: THE MEDIA-STAGING OF PROTEST Chapter 10. Mediatisation of Provo: From a Local Movement to a European Phenomenon Niek Pas Chapter 11. The Revolution Will Be Televised: The Global 1968 Revolts on Norwegian Television News Rolf Werenskjold Chapter 12. Performing Disapproval towards the Soviets: Nicolae Ceausescu's Speech on 21 August 1968 in Romanian Media Corina Petrescu PART IV: DISCOURSES OF LIBERATION AND VIOLENCE Chapter 13. Guerrillas and Grassroots - Danish Solidarity with the 3rd World, 1960-79 Karen Steller Bjerregaard Chapter 14. Sympathizing Subcultures?: The Milieus of West German Terrorism Sebastian Gehrig Chapter 15. The RAF Solidarity Movement from a European Perspective Jacco Pekelder PART V: EPILOGUE Chapter 16. The European 1960/70s and the World: The Case of Regis Debray Ingrid Gilcher-Holtey PART VI: CHRONOLOGY: THE EUROPEAN 1968 Rolf Werenskjold Select Bibliography