Crime and Muslim Britain

Marta Bolognani completed her PhD in Sociology at the University of Leeds. She is now Assistant Professor of Anthropology at Lahore University of Management Sciences in Pakistan.

• TABLE OF CONTENTSAcknowledgementsIntroduction1. The Taboo of Criminological Research amongst Minority Ethnic GroupsThe Origins of Interest n Race and CrimeCrime and CultureRace and Crime in Britain: Discrimination, Policing and the Criminal Justice SystemTaking Culture Out of the Picture: Alexander's StudyColonial and Post-Colonial Criminology: Tatum's Theoretical Framework'Blacks Don't Have Culture': Pryce's Participant Observation in BristolDe-Essentialising and De-Pathologising: Benson vs WerbnerThe Structural Bias: Deprivationism According to BallardConclusion: Towards a 'Minority Criminology'2. Theoretical and Methodological Solutions to the 'Race and Crime' TabooCriminality as a migration stage: Mawby and BattaBringing religion into the picture: Macey's bold attemptIslam and its 'betrayal': Qurash's transnational studyThe anthropological gaze: Len's ethnography of devianceMasculinities and identity: Webster and ImtiazAttachment and commitment to the community: Wardak's approachEthnographic information as a working whole: the 'emic' approachAccess and multi-sited fieldwork as the key to the 'working whole'The sampling and labelling of sub-groupsBreaking the taboo through methodology: criminology, minority perspectives and anthropology3. Bradford as a case studyA 'BrAsian' cityEthnic disadvantageThe migration historyEthnic resources and networks: the peculiarities of the biraderi system'From textile mills to taxiranks' (Kalra 2000)Assertiveness, self-defence and political struggles n the 1980sThe Rushdie affair and vigilantismThe climax of tension: 2001Local and global: Bradford post-9/11A community caught between biraderi and the Umma?4. Criminological Discourses: Labelling Crime in the community: an endemic problem?The labelling process: crime within and without the communityMany problems, one name: drugs in the communityDrug-dealing, drug-taking and the chain of criminal activities'Poisoning the community'Purity and contamination: haram, halal and makkruCrime as a threat to community stability5. Aetiologies of crimeThe Asian economic nicheDeprivation, discrimination and unemployment'The lure of big things': strain theoryDemography and educationThe interplay of ethnic resources and networks: the 'out of place culture'The erosion of ethnic networks: the generation gap, vertical and horizontal ties, and khidmatThe risks of excessive bonding and biraderismCompeting sources: culture, Islam and the WestConclusion: theories of community criminologies6. Criminological Discourses: Gender and DeviancePathologising young men: subcultural studies in the British Pakistani context'Double consciousness' or 'torn between two cultures'?Women and deviance: unveiling the problemVictimhood, agency and double devianceWomen as an indicator of the level of deviance in the communityRude boys' lifestyles: appearances, locations and 'Sharifisation'From self defence to heroes: the growth of a 'mafia mentality'Conclusion: young people and moral panic7. Criminological discourses: informal social controlSocial control through the family: prevention for girls, retrieval for boysSocial control through the family: three case studies of parental strategiesThe mother's roles'Home-made rehabilitation': 'village rehab' and the 'marriage cure'Means of social control: gossip and scandalImporting a communal system of social controlBetween culture and religion: taweezReligion as a protective factorPurification, reintegration and 'reconversions'Popular preaching: Sheikh Ahmed Ali - a case studyConclusion: informal control as a partial solution8. Criminological discourses: formal social controlMosques: caught between the local and the globalMadrassas and the understanding of IslamMosques as community centresMediaLocal institutionsSchoolsPrisonsPolicingConclusion: complementarity of