Makhroufi Ousmane Traoré is Assistant Professor at Pomona College and an African scholar whose research primarily focuses on the history of the Trans-Saharan and Transatlantic slave trades. He was awarded the 2022 Andrew Mellon New Directions Fellowship. With this fellowship, Traoré endeavors to shine a light on the unheard voices of African Egyptologists with the publication of a textbook featuring African perspectives on Egyptology.

• Introduction; Part I. Between the Sahara and the Atlantic Ocean: 1. The ethnic-state of Gajaaga; 2. African slavery versus the slave trade(s); Part II. Atlantic Slavery, Kingship, and Worship of Nature: 3. Trans-Saharan and trans-Atlantic Gajaaga; 4. Matriarchy, ecology, and Atlantic slave trade; Part III. Gajaaga at the centre, the French Empire at the Edge: 5. Resisting the French empire; 6. Bridging empire and hinterland; Conclusion.

Makhroufi Ousmane Traoré is Assistant Professor at Pomona College and an African scholar whose research primarily focuses on the history of the Trans-Saharan and Transatlantic slave trades. He was awarded the 2022 Andrew Mellon New Directions Fellowship. With this fellowship, Traoré endeavors to shine a light on the unheard voices of African Egyptologists with the publication of a textbook featuring African perspectives on Egyptology.

• Introduction; Part I. Between the Sahara and the Atlantic Ocean: 1. The ethnic-state of Gajaaga; 2. African slavery versus the slave trade(s); Part II. Atlantic Slavery, Kingship, and Worship of Nature: 3. Trans-Saharan and trans-Atlantic Gajaaga; 4. Matriarchy, ecology, and Atlantic slave trade; Part III. Gajaaga at the centre, the French Empire at the Edge: 5. Resisting the French empire; 6. Bridging empire and hinterland; Conclusion.

Makhroufi Ousmane Traoré is Assistant Professor at Pomona College and an African scholar whose research primarily focuses on the history of the Trans-Saharan and Transatlantic slave trades. He was awarded the 2022 Andrew Mellon New Directions Fellowship. With this fellowship, Traoré endeavors to shine a light on the unheard voices of African Egyptologists with the publication of a textbook featuring African perspectives on Egyptology.

• Introduction; Part I. Between the Sahara and the Atlantic Ocean: 1. The ethnic-state of Gajaaga; 2. African slavery versus the slave trade(s); Part II. Atlantic Slavery, Kingship, and Worship of Nature: 3. Trans-Saharan and trans-Atlantic Gajaaga; 4. Matriarchy, ecology, and Atlantic slave trade; Part III. Gajaaga at the centre, the French Empire at the Edge: 5. Resisting the French empire; 6. Bridging empire and hinterland; Conclusion.