Handbook of CTG Interpretation

Edwin Chandraharan is Director of the Global Academy of Medical Education & Training, London, UK. He has conducted more than 150 Physiological CTG Masterclasses in over 20 countries and pioneered physiological interpretation of CTG in 2006.

• Introduction; Preface; 1. 'An eye opener': perils of CTG misinterpretation. Lessons from confidential enquiries and medico-legal cases; 2. Physiology of fetal heart rate control and types of intrapartum hypoxia; 3. Fetal oxygenation; 4. Understanding the CTG: technical aspects; 5. Applying fetal physiology to interpret CTG traces: predicting the NEXT change; 6. Avoiding errors: maternal heart rate; 7. Antenatal cardiotocography; 8. Intermittent (intelligent) auscultation in the low-risk setting; 9. Current scientific evidence on CTG; 10. Uterine Tachysystole and Hyperstimulation; 11. Intrapartum monitoring of a preterm fetus; 12 a. Role of chorioamnionitis and infection: understanding the pathophysiology; 12 b. Role of chorioamnionitis and infection: fetal heart rate changes in chorioamnionitis; 13. Meconium: why is it harmful?; 14. Intrapartum bleeding; 15. Labour with a uterine scar: the role of CTG; 16. Impact of maternal environment on fetal heart rate; 17. Use of CTG with induction and augmentation of labour; 18. Recognition of chronic hypoxia and the preterminal cardiotocograph; 19. Unusual fetal heart rate patterns: sinusoidal and saltatory patterns; 20. Intrauterine resuscitation; 21. Management of prolonged decelerations and bradycardia; 22. ST-Analyser (STAN): principles and physiology; 23. ST-Analyser: case examples and pitfalls; 24. Role of intrapartum 'computerised' CTG; 25. Peripheral tests of fetal wellbeing; 26. Fetal heart rate changes during operative vaginal births; 27. Non hypoxic causes of CTG changes; 28. Neonatal implications of intrapartum fetal hypoxia; 29. Role of the anaesthetist in the management of fetal compromise during labour; 30. Medico-legal issues with CTG; 31. Ensuring competency in intrapartum fetal monitoring: the role of BIMS; 32. Principles of Intrapartum Monitoring in Fetal Growth Restriction 33. CTG Changes in Maternal COVID-19 Infection; 34. Physiology-based CTG training: does it really matter?; 35. How to implement physiological CTG interpretation in daily clinical practice?; 36. Scientific Evidence for Physiological Interpretation of CTG; 37. An update on International Consensus Guidelines on CTG Interpretation; 38. The use of CTG in Twins and Breech Labour; 39. Addressing Human Factors contributing to CTG misinterpretation; 40. Risk Management and Root Cause Analysis after hypoxic-ischaemic brain injuries; 41. Intrapartum Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring: Quo Vadis?.