Paula Kivimaa is Research Professor in Climate and Society at the Finnish Environment Institute and Associate in the Science Policy Research Group at the University of Sussex. She is an internationally renowned scholar in sustainability transitions, co-editor of the book Innovating Climate Governance (Cambridge University Press, 2018), and member of scientific committees advising the European Commission and the Finnish Government.

• 1. Introduction: the challenge of zero-carbon energy transitions and national security; 2. Understanding security in the context of sustainability transitions; 3. Energy security and geopolitics of energy transition; 4. A conceptual-analytical approach to examine security in sustainability transitions, and policy interplay; 5. Estonia – long-term energy independence and oil shale; 6. Finland: ambivalent links between energy and security; 7. Norway – contradiction of oil for export and fully renewable electricity supply; 8. From oil to wind under a devolved Scottish government and new pressures for UK energy security; 9. Insights into zero-carbon energy, sustainability transitions and security; References; Index.

Paula Kivimaa is Research Professor in Climate and Society at the Finnish Environment Institute and Associate in the Science Policy Research Group at the University of Sussex. She is an internationally renowned scholar in sustainability transitions, co-editor of the book Innovating Climate Governance (Cambridge University Press, 2018), and member of scientific committees advising the European Commission and the Finnish Government.

• 1. Introduction: the challenge of zero-carbon energy transitions and national security; 2. Understanding security in the context of sustainability transitions; 3. Energy security and geopolitics of energy transition; 4. A conceptual-analytical approach to examine security in sustainability transitions, and policy interplay; 5. Estonia – long-term energy independence and oil shale; 6. Finland: ambivalent links between energy and security; 7. Norway – contradiction of oil for export and fully renewable electricity supply; 8. From oil to wind under a devolved Scottish government and new pressures for UK energy security; 9. Insights into zero-carbon energy, sustainability transitions and security; References; Index.

Paula Kivimaa is Research Professor in Climate and Society at the Finnish Environment Institute and Associate in the Science Policy Research Group at the University of Sussex. She is an internationally renowned scholar in sustainability transitions, co-editor of the book Innovating Climate Governance (Cambridge University Press, 2018), and member of scientific committees advising the European Commission and the Finnish Government.

• 1. Introduction: the challenge of zero-carbon energy transitions and national security; 2. Understanding security in the context of sustainability transitions; 3. Energy security and geopolitics of energy transition; 4. A conceptual-analytical approach to examine security in sustainability transitions, and policy interplay; 5. Estonia – long-term energy independence and oil shale; 6. Finland: ambivalent links between energy and security; 7. Norway – contradiction of oil for export and fully renewable electricity supply; 8. From oil to wind under a devolved Scottish government and new pressures for UK energy security; 9. Insights into zero-carbon energy, sustainability transitions and security; References; Index.