This Element focuses on the villancicos (or choral poems) of the Novohispanic philosopher Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz. Though the villancicos have traditionally been considered minor works that Sor Juana wrote by commission for various religious feasts, this Element argues that Sor Juana's villancicos are in fact important philosophical writings. Specifically, this Element shows that through her villancicos Sor Juana presents a philosophical pedagogy, develops a form of virtue pluralism based on a series of moral paradigms, articulates a form of mannerist feminism, and provides a partial defense of Black and Indigenous people.