Homeland Security

Dr. Charles P. Nemeth has spent the vast majority of his professional life in the study and practice of law and justice. He is a recognized expert on professional ethics and the justice system, private-sector justice and private security systems. Presently, Dr. Nemeth is Chair and Professor of Security, Fire and Emergency Management and Director of the Center of Private Security and Safety at John Jay College in New York City. He is a prolific writer, having published numerous texts and articles on law and justice throughout his impressive career. His text, Private Security and the Law 4th- (Elsevier, 2012) is considered the foremost treatise on the subject matter. A 5th edition has been published by Taylor/Francis, 2018. His private security expertise is further buttressed by: Private Security and Investigative Process 4th edition (CRC Press, 2019); Private Security: Principles and Practice (CRC Press, 2019l Criminal Law 2nd (CRC Press, 2012) and Law and Evidence 2nd (Jones and Bartlett, 2010). In the area of Homeland Security, he has published Introduction to Homeland Security: Practices and Principles 3rd edition (CRC Press, 2010, 2014, 2017). A 4th edition is planned for 2020. Dr. Nemeht has also authored a series of philosophical works on Thomas Aquinas including: Aquinas on Crime (St. Augustine’s Press, 2010); Aquinas in the Courtroom (Praeger/Greenwood Press, 2001); Aquinas and King: A Discourse on Civil Disobedience (Carolina Academic Press, 2011) and Cicero and Aquinas: A Comparative Study of Nature and the Natural Law (Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018). He has also served as Chief Editor to a peer reviewed journal- The Homeland Security Review since 2005 and currently serves as Chief Editor for the Law, Ethics and Jurisprudence series to be published by Anthem Press.Dr. Nemeth has been an educator for more than 40 years. He holds memberships in the New York, North Carolina and Pennsylvania Bars. Dr. Nemeth was previously a Chair at the State University of New York at Brockport and California University of PA- one of Pennsylvania's 14 State Universities. Dr. Nemeth is a much-sought-after legal consultant for security companies and a recognized scholar on issues involving law, professional ethics and morality and the impact of privatization on public justice models. Dr. Nemeth resides in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with his spouse, Jean Marie, together for 48 years and blessed with seven children all of whom are accomplished personally and professionally.

• PrefaceAcknowledgementsAuthorIntroductionChapter 1 The Idea and Origin of Homeland Security1.1 Introduction1.2 Threats to the Homeland: Twentieth-Century Military Movements1.3 Threats to the Homeland: The Cold War Experience1.4 Threats to the Homeland: Iran, Terror and the World Stage1.5 Threats to the Homeland: North Korea: An Old and New Enemy in the War on Terror1.6 Threats to the Homeland: Revolution, Riot, and Rightful Demonstration1.6.1 Domestic Terrorism: Pre-9/111.6.2 International Terrorism: Pre-9/111.7 ConclusionKeywordsDiscussion QuestionsPractical ExercisesChapter 2 Terror, Threat, and Disaster Post 9/11: A New Paradigm of Homeland Security2.1 Introduction2.2 Genesis of DHS2.3 DHS: 2001–20032.3.1 Evolution and Change in DHS2.4 Reorganization and Evolution of DHS: 2003–20152.5 DHS In the Age of President Donald J. Trump: 2016-20212.5.1 Office of the Secretary of DHS2.5.2 DHS Directorates2.5.2.1 Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA): Former Directorate for National Protection and Programs2.5.2.2 Directorate for Science and Technology2.5.2.3 Directorate for Management2.5.3 DHS Offices: Support and Operational Components2.5.4 Agencies and Entities Swept into DHS2.5.4.1 U.S. Coast Guard2.5.4.1.1 US Coast Guard Auxiliary2.5.4.2 U.S. Secret Service2.5.4.3 Federal Law Enforcement Training Center2.5.5 Advisory Panels and Committees2.6 ConclusionKeywordsDiscussion QuestionsPractical ExercisesChapter 3 Homeland Security Law, Regulations, and Budgeting3.1 Introduction3.2 Homeland Security Law, Regulations, and Executive Orders3.2.1 Executive Order 13228: Origin of DHS3.2.2 Executive Order 12231: Protection of Infrastructure3.2.3 Executive Order 13233: September 14, 20013.2.4 Executive Order 13493 of January 22, 20093.2.5 Executive Order 13567 of March 7, 20113.2.6 Executive Order 13846 of August 6, 20183.2.7 Homeland Security Act of 20023.2.7.1 Homeland Security Act and Posse Comitatus3.2.8 USA Patriot Act: USA Freedom Act of 20153.2.9 Specialized Laws3.2.9.1 REAL ID Program3.2.9.2 Office of Biometric Identity Management (Formerly Office of US-VISIT)3.2.9.3 Chemical Facilities3.2.9.4 Invention and Technology: The SAFETY Act3.3 Budgeting, Finance, and Funding in Homeland Security3.3.1 Budget Year: 20033.3.2 Budget Year: 20043.3.3 Budget Year: 20053.3.4 Budget Year: 20063.3.5 Budget Year: 20073.3.6 Budget Year: 20083.3.7 Budget Years: 2009–20103.3.8 Budget Years: 2011–20123.3.9 Budget Year: 20133.3.10 Budget Year: 20143.3.11 Budget Year: 20153.3.12 Budget Year: 20163.3.13 Budget Year: 20173.3.14 Budget Year: 20183.3.15 Budget Year: 20193.3.16 Budget Year: 20203.4 ConclusionKeywordsDiscussion QuestionsPractical ExercisesChapter 4 Risk Management, Threats, and Hazards4.1 Introduction4.2 Risk Management4.2.1 The Nature of Risk4.2.2 Risk Assessment4.2.3 CARVER+Shock Assessment Tool4.3 Threats and Hazards4.3.1 Concept of Threat and Hazard4.3.2 Weapons of Mass Destruction4.3.2.1 Nuclear4.3.2.2 Radiological4.3.2.3 Biological4.3.2.3.1 Anthrax4.3.2.3.2 Plague4.3.2.3.3 Smallpox4.3.2.4 Chemical4.3.2.4.1 Ricin4.3.2.4.2 Nerve Agents4.3.2.5 Improvised Explosive Devices4.4 Computer Security and Information Infrastructure4.4.1 Cyber Challenges and the American Electoral Process4.4.2 National Cyber Security Division4.4.3 US-CERT: Computer Emergency Response Team4.5 Private Sector and Homeland Security4.6 ConclusionKeywordsDiscussion QuestionsPractical ExercisesChapter 5 Training and Exercises in Homeland Security5.1 Introduction5.2 Grants and Training5.3 Center for Domestic Preparedness5.4 Emergency Management Institute5.5 Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program5.6 Lessons Learned: Best Practices (LLIS.GOV)/Homeland Security Digital Library (HSDL)5.7 Community Emergency Response Teams5.8 National Incident Management System5.9 ConclusionKeywordsDiscussion QuestionsPractical ExercisesChapter 6 DHS Challenges: National versus State and Local, National Security versus Homeland Security6.1 Introduction6.2 Challenge of National Policy at the State and Local Levels6.2.1 Structure at the State Level6.2.2 Structure at the Local Level6.2.2.1 Fusion Centers6.2.3 Funding and Local Initiatives6.3 Fine Line of National Defense and Homeland Security6.3.1 Department of Defense and Homeland Security6.3.2 Intelligence Gathering and Sharing6.3.2.1 Office of Naval Intelligence6.3.2.2 Air Force Intelligence6.3.2.3 U.S. Marine Corps6.3.2.4 U.S. Army6.3.2.5 United States Coast Guard Intelligence6.3.3 Specialized Military/Defense Units Dedicated to Homeland Security6.3.3.1 National Maritime Intelligence-Integration Office (NMIO)6.3.3.2 National Reconnaissance Office6.3.3.3 Weapons of Mass Destruction Civil Support Teams6.4 ConclusionKeywordsDiscussion QuestionsPractical ExercisesChapter 7 FEMA, Response, and Recovery7.1 Historical Foundation for FEMA7.1.1 Federal Emergency Management Agency: Pre-9/117.1.2 Federal Emergency Management Agency: Post-9/117.2 FEMA and Preparedness7.2.1 Role of Mitigation in the Preparedness Model7.3 FEMA Response and Recovery7.3.1 National Response Framework7.4 ConclusionKeywordsDiscussion QuestionsPractical ExercisesChapter 8 Intelligence8.1 Introduction8.2 Intelligence8.3 Terror, Threats, Disaster, and Intelligence Agencies8.3.1 Federal Bureau of Investigation8.3.1.1 Joint Terrorism Task Forces8.3.1.2 National Security Branch8.3.1.3 NSB and the WMD Directorate8.3.2 Central Intelligence Agency8.3.2.1 Directorate of Analysis8.3.2.2 Directorate of Operations: Clandestine Services8.3.2.3 Directorate of Science and Technology8.3.2.4 Directorate of Digital Innovation8.3.2.5 Directorate of Support8.3.2.6 Mission Centers8.3.3 Offices of the Director of National Intelligence8.3.3.1 National Counterterrorism Center8.3.3.2 National Counterintelligence and Security Center8.3.3.3 National Intelligence Council8.3.4 Defense Intelligence Agency8.4 ConclusionKeywordsDiscussion QuestionsPractical ExercisesChapter 9 Border Security, U.S. Citizenship, and Immigration Services9.1 Introduction9.2 U.S. Customs and Border Protection9.2.1 Border Protection9.2.1.1 Secure Border Initiative: Its Creation and Demise9.2.1.2 CBP Air and Marine9.2.2 CBP and the Facilitation of Trade and Commerce9.2.2.1 Cargo9.2.2.1.1 Secure Freight Initiative9.2.2.1.2 Container Security Initiative9.2.2.1.3 Customs–Trade Partnership against Terrorism9.2.2.1.4 Automated Commercial Environment9.3 U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services9.3.1 Current Challenges in Immigration.9.3.1.1 Sanctuary Jurisdictions9.3.1.2 The DACA Dilemma9.3.1.3 The Visa Lottery Program9.3.1.4 The Complexity of Chain Migration9.3.2 Project Shield America Initiative9.3.3 Fugitive Operations Program9.3.4 Cornerstone Initiative9.3.5 Cyber Crimes Center9.3.6 US-VISIT Program/Office of Biometric Identity Management9.4 ConclusionKeywordsDiscussion QuestionsPractical ExercisesChapter 10 Transportation Security10.1 Introduction10.2 Transportation Security Administration10.2.1 TSA and the Privatized Airport10.2.2 Federal Air Marshals10.2.3 Federal Flight Deck Officers10.2.4 Law Enforcement Officers Flying Armed10.2.5 TSA’s Canine Explosive Detection Unit10.2.6 Risk Management Programs10.2.7 TSA Technology and Innovation10.2.7.1 Trace Portals and Their Demise10.2.7.2 Millimeter Wave/Advanced Imaging Technology10.2.7.3 Biometrics10.2.7.3.1 Biometric Application: The Trusted Traveler Program10.2.7.3.2 TSA Paperless Boarding Pass10.3 Maritime Security10.3.1 National Strategy for Maritime Security10.3.2 Other Maritime Plans10.3.2.1 National Plan to Achieve Maritime Domain Awareness10.3.2.2 Maritime Transportation System Security Plan10.3.3 DHS: Borders and Marine Division10.3.4 Role of the Coast Guard in Maritime Security10.3.4.1 Emergency Safety10.3.4.2 Security and Law Enforcement10.3.4.3 Cargo and Ports10.3.4.3.1 Operation Homeport10.3.4.3.1.1 Port and Harbor Facilities10.3.4.3.1.2 Container Inspection10.3.4.3.1.3 Vessel Inspection10.4 Rail and Mass Transit10.4.1 Representative Security Programs for Rail and Transit10.4.1.1 Amtrak10.4.1.2 CSX: The Freight Line10.4.1.3 SEPTA: Rail Mass Transit10.5 ConclusionKeywordsDiscussion QuestionsPractical ExercisesChapter 11 Homeland Security and Public Health11.1 Introduction: Public Health and Homeland Security11.2 Water and Public Health11.3 Agriculture, Food and Public Health11.3.1 Strategic Partnership Program on Agroterrorism11.3.2 Infectious Animals11.3.3 Infectious Diseases, Bioterrorism and Public Health11.3.3.1 Project BioShield11.3.3.2 Strategic National Stockpile11.3.3.3 National Select Agent Registry Program11.4 Pandemic Threats and Public Health11.4.1 COVID-19: The Pandemic from China11.4.2 Planning, Preparedness, and Response to the Pandemic11.4.3 Response and Recovery under COVID-1911.5 ConclusionKeywordsDiscussion QuestionsPractical ExercisesChapter 12 The Future of Homeland Security12.1 Introduction12.2 Growth without Reason12.3 Curbing Expansionism in Mission12.4 The Merits of Decentralization12.5 The Rise of Technology12.6 The Need for a New Way of Thinking: Jump Out of the BoxKeywordsDiscussion QuestionsPractical ExercisesAppendix AAppendix BAppendix CAppendix DAppendix EIndex