Nicholas McMurry is the Programme Director in Law in Griffith College Cork. He holds a PhD from the Irish Centre of Human Rights, National University of Ireland Galway. He has completed research and advocacy projects on behalf of government and non-governmental organisations as founding partner of Shared Insight.

“With participation a key tool for empowerment and the realisation of human rights, Nicholas McMurry has done a service to the field of human rights with this comprehensive and engaging study of how international human rights law addresses participation, treats it as both a right and a principle, and generates obligations for States and other relevant duty bearers” - Prof Shane Darcy, Irish Centre for Human Rights, National University of Ireland Galway.

• Part I: Introduction 1. Introduction Part II: Affirming a Right to Participation 2 .General Participatory Provisions 3 Broad Justifications for Participation 4. Regional Instruments requiring Participation 5. Rights for Specific Groups and Contexts 6. Participatory Rights in Other Fields of International Law Part III: Establishing Obligations for Participation 7. Establishing a Human Rights Principle of Participation 8. Triggers for Participation 9. Participants 10. Implementation of Participation 11. Consequences of Participation 12 Enforcement of Participation Part IV: Conclusion 13. Conclusion

Nicholas McMurry is the Programme Director in Law in Griffith College Cork. He holds a PhD from the Irish Centre of Human Rights, National University of Ireland Galway. He has completed research and advocacy projects on behalf of government and non-governmental organisations as founding partner of Shared Insight.

“With participation a key tool for empowerment and the realisation of human rights, Nicholas McMurry has done a service to the field of human rights with this comprehensive and engaging study of how international human rights law addresses participation, treats it as both a right and a principle, and generates obligations for States and other relevant duty bearers” - Prof Shane Darcy, Irish Centre for Human Rights, National University of Ireland Galway.

• Part I: Introduction 1. Introduction Part II: Affirming a Right to Participation 2 .General Participatory Provisions 3 Broad Justifications for Participation 4. Regional Instruments requiring Participation 5. Rights for Specific Groups and Contexts 6. Participatory Rights in Other Fields of International Law Part III: Establishing Obligations for Participation 7. Establishing a Human Rights Principle of Participation 8. Triggers for Participation 9. Participants 10. Implementation of Participation 11. Consequences of Participation 12 Enforcement of Participation Part IV: Conclusion 13. Conclusion

Nicholas McMurry is the Programme Director in Law in Griffith College Cork. He holds a PhD from the Irish Centre of Human Rights, National University of Ireland Galway. He has completed research and advocacy projects on behalf of government and non-governmental organisations as founding partner of Shared Insight.

“With participation a key tool for empowerment and the realisation of human rights, Nicholas McMurry has done a service to the field of human rights with this comprehensive and engaging study of how international human rights law addresses participation, treats it as both a right and a principle, and generates obligations for States and other relevant duty bearers” - Prof Shane Darcy, Irish Centre for Human Rights, National University of Ireland Galway.

• Part I: Introduction 1. Introduction Part II: Affirming a Right to Participation 2 .General Participatory Provisions 3 Broad Justifications for Participation 4. Regional Instruments requiring Participation 5. Rights for Specific Groups and Contexts 6. Participatory Rights in Other Fields of International Law Part III: Establishing Obligations for Participation 7. Establishing a Human Rights Principle of Participation 8. Triggers for Participation 9. Participants 10. Implementation of Participation 11. Consequences of Participation 12 Enforcement of Participation Part IV: Conclusion 13. Conclusion