Cristina Flesher Fominaya is Excellence 100 Reader in Social Politics and Media at Loughborough University and an internationally recognized expert in European social movement and politics. She holds an MA and a PhD in Sociology from the University of California, Berkeley, and a BA summa cum laude in International Relations from the University of Minnesota. She has been researching and participating in European social movements since the early 1990s, exploring the dynamics of digital media use, deliberative cultures and collective identity formation in autonomous movements. Flesher Fominaya has published and edited widely in the area of social movements, and has two books forthcoming: Social Movements in a Globalized World, 2nd ed. (Palgrave, 2019) and Democracy Reloaded: Inside Spain’s Political Laboratory from 15-M to Podemos (Oxford University Press, 2020).Ramón A. Feenstra is Assistant Professor in the Department of Philosophy and Sociology at the Universitat Jaume I of Castellón (Spain). He graduated in Advertising and Public Relations at the same university (2005) and in History at UNED (Open University of Spain) (2013). In 2010, he became a Doctor of Moral Philosophy at the Universitat Jaume I. The fields he writes about are linked primarily to the democracy theory and communication ethics. He has published the following books: Refiguring Democracy: The Spanish Political Laboratory (co-authored with Simon Tormey, Andreu Casero and John Keane, Routledge 2017), Ética de la publicidad: Retos en la era digital (Dykinson, 2014) and Democracia monitorizad en la era de la nueva galaxia mediática (Icaria, 2012). He has published articles in journals such as The International Journal of Press Politics, Journal of Business Ethics, Media International Australia, Voluntas, The Journal of Civil Society, Revista del Clad Reforma y Democracia and Policy Studies.

"At a time when the very idea of Europe as a distinct political space comes under multiple challenges, exploring the grassroots political dynamics that are both contributing to the current uncertainty and prefiguring new arrangements is more and more urgent. Flesher Fominaya and Feenstra’s excellent collection will provide massive food for thought to all those who have at their heart the future of Europe as a democratic polity."- Prof. Mario Diani, Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Italy"Contemporary Europe hosts a wide array of social movements that, due to their sheer number, diversity and complexity, cannot be overviewed by a single scholar. Accordingly, collaborative work is required of which this edited volume is an outstanding example. Both renowned older and promising young specialists on social movements and protest campaigns have contributed to this topical volume. It covers much ground and provides many insights into the evolution, structures and challenges of Europe’s social movements in these times that, as indicated in the book title, are indeed ‘turbulent’." - Prof. Dieter Rucht, Berlin Social Science Research Center (WZB), Germany

• List of figures List of tables Notes on contributors Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction: Contemporary European social movements: democracy, crisis and contestation Cristina Flesher Fominaya and Ramón FeenstraPART 1Visions of Europe 1 Visions of a good society: European social movements in the age of ideologies and beyond Simon Tormey2 How many ‘Europes’? Left-wing and right-wing social movements and their visions of Europe Manuela Caiani and Manès Weisskircher3 From ‘Fortress Europe’ to ‘Refugees Welcome’: social movements and the political imaginary on European borders Pierre Monforte4 Fields of contentious politics: policies and discourse over ‘Islam vs.Christianity’ Manlio CinalliPART 2Contemporary models of democracy 5 Democratic models in Europe Donatella della Porta6 Deliberative democracy: an upgrade proposal Domingo García-Marzá7 Democracy and sortition: arguments in favor of randomness Jorge Costa Delgado and José Luis Moreno Pestaña8 Hatred and democracy? Ernesto Laclau and populism in Europe Clare WoodfordPART 3Historical evolution of major European movements 9 Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed: from labor movements to anti-austerity protests Marco Giugni and Maria Grasso10 The global justice movement in Europe Priska Daphi11 European squatters’ movements and the right to the city Miguel A. Martínez12 New social movements and everyday life: a dialogue with Alberto Melucci John KeanePART 4Feminism and sexualities 13 Feminist mobilizations within organized religions in Western Europe Celia Valiente14 My body, my rules? Self-determination and feminist collective action in Southern Europe Ana Cristina Santos and Mara Pieri15 Neither new nor utopian (and yet worthwhile): queer and feminist genealogies, conflicts and contributions inside Spain’s 15-M movement Gracia Trujillo BarbadilloPART 5Movement diffusion within and beyond Europe 16 Brokerage and the diffusion of social movements in the digital era Eduardo Romanos17 Social movement diffusion in Eastern Europe Ondřej Císař18 Crossing the ocean: the influence of Bolivia’s MAS movement on Spain’s Podemos party Esther del Campo, Jorge Resina and Yanina WelpPART 6Anti-austerity movements 19 Anti-austerity movements in Europe Josep Lobera20 Alternative forms of resilience and the 2007 crisis in Europe Maria Paschou and Maria Kousis21 ‘We won’t pay for the crisis’: student movements in European anti-austerity protest Lorenzo ZamponiPART 7Technopolitical and media movements 22 The technopolitical frameworks of contemporary social movements: the European case Igor Sádaba Rodríguez23 Alternative media and social movements in Europe’s digital landscape Andreu Casero-RipollésPART 8Movements, parties and movement parties 24 Movement parties: a new

Cristina Flesher Fominaya is Excellence 100 Reader in Social Politics and Media at Loughborough University and an internationally recognized expert in European social movement and politics. She holds an MA and a PhD in Sociology from the University of California, Berkeley, and a BA summa cum laude in International Relations from the University of Minnesota. She has been researching and participating in European social movements since the early 1990s, exploring the dynamics of digital media use, deliberative cultures and collective identity formation in autonomous movements. Flesher Fominaya has published and edited widely in the area of social movements, and has two books forthcoming: Social Movements in a Globalized World, 2nd ed. (Palgrave, 2019) and Democracy Reloaded: Inside Spain’s Political Laboratory from 15-M to Podemos (Oxford University Press, 2020).Ramón A. Feenstra is Assistant Professor in the Department of Philosophy and Sociology at the Universitat Jaume I of Castellón (Spain). He graduated in Advertising and Public Relations at the same university (2005) and in History at UNED (Open University of Spain) (2013). In 2010, he became a Doctor of Moral Philosophy at the Universitat Jaume I. The fields he writes about are linked primarily to the democracy theory and communication ethics. He has published the following books: Refiguring Democracy: The Spanish Political Laboratory (co-authored with Simon Tormey, Andreu Casero and John Keane, Routledge 2017), Ética de la publicidad: Retos en la era digital (Dykinson, 2014) and Democracia monitorizad en la era de la nueva galaxia mediática (Icaria, 2012). He has published articles in journals such as The International Journal of Press Politics, Journal of Business Ethics, Media International Australia, Voluntas, The Journal of Civil Society, Revista del Clad Reforma y Democracia and Policy Studies.

"At a time when the very idea of Europe as a distinct political space comes under multiple challenges, exploring the grassroots political dynamics that are both contributing to the current uncertainty and prefiguring new arrangements is more and more urgent. Flesher Fominaya and Feenstra’s excellent collection will provide massive food for thought to all those who have at their heart the future of Europe as a democratic polity."- Prof. Mario Diani, Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Italy"Contemporary Europe hosts a wide array of social movements that, due to their sheer number, diversity and complexity, cannot be overviewed by a single scholar. Accordingly, collaborative work is required of which this edited volume is an outstanding example. Both renowned older and promising young specialists on social movements and protest campaigns have contributed to this topical volume. It covers much ground and provides many insights into the evolution, structures and challenges of Europe’s social movements in these times that, as indicated in the book title, are indeed ‘turbulent’." - Prof. Dieter Rucht, Berlin Social Science Research Center (WZB), Germany

• List of figures List of tables Notes on contributors Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction: Contemporary European social movements: democracy, crisis and contestation Cristina Flesher Fominaya and Ramón FeenstraPART 1Visions of Europe 1 Visions of a good society: European social movements in the age of ideologies and beyond Simon Tormey2 How many ‘Europes’? Left-wing and right-wing social movements and their visions of Europe Manuela Caiani and Manès Weisskircher3 From ‘Fortress Europe’ to ‘Refugees Welcome’: social movements and the political imaginary on European borders Pierre Monforte4 Fields of contentious politics: policies and discourse over ‘Islam vs.Christianity’ Manlio CinalliPART 2Contemporary models of democracy 5 Democratic models in Europe Donatella della Porta6 Deliberative democracy: an upgrade proposal Domingo García-Marzá7 Democracy and sortition: arguments in favor of randomness Jorge Costa Delgado and José Luis Moreno Pestaña8 Hatred and democracy? Ernesto Laclau and populism in Europe Clare WoodfordPART 3Historical evolution of major European movements 9 Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed: from labor movements to anti-austerity protests Marco Giugni and Maria Grasso10 The global justice movement in Europe Priska Daphi11 European squatters’ movements and the right to the city Miguel A. Martínez12 New social movements and everyday life: a dialogue with Alberto Melucci John KeanePART 4Feminism and sexualities 13 Feminist mobilizations within organized religions in Western Europe Celia Valiente14 My body, my rules? Self-determination and feminist collective action in Southern Europe Ana Cristina Santos and Mara Pieri15 Neither new nor utopian (and yet worthwhile): queer and feminist genealogies, conflicts and contributions inside Spain’s 15-M movement Gracia Trujillo BarbadilloPART 5Movement diffusion within and beyond Europe 16 Brokerage and the diffusion of social movements in the digital era Eduardo Romanos17 Social movement diffusion in Eastern Europe Ondřej Císař18 Crossing the ocean: the influence of Bolivia’s MAS movement on Spain’s Podemos party Esther del Campo, Jorge Resina and Yanina WelpPART 6Anti-austerity movements 19 Anti-austerity movements in Europe Josep Lobera20 Alternative forms of resilience and the 2007 crisis in Europe Maria Paschou and Maria Kousis21 ‘We won’t pay for the crisis’: student movements in European anti-austerity protest Lorenzo ZamponiPART 7Technopolitical and media movements 22 The technopolitical frameworks of contemporary social movements: the European case Igor Sádaba Rodríguez23 Alternative media and social movements in Europe’s digital landscape Andreu Casero-RipollésPART 8Movements, parties and movement parties 24 Movement parties: a new

Cristina Flesher Fominaya is Excellence 100 Reader in Social Politics and Media at Loughborough University and an internationally recognized expert in European social movement and politics. She holds an MA and a PhD in Sociology from the University of California, Berkeley, and a BA summa cum laude in International Relations from the University of Minnesota. She has been researching and participating in European social movements since the early 1990s, exploring the dynamics of digital media use, deliberative cultures and collective identity formation in autonomous movements. Flesher Fominaya has published and edited widely in the area of social movements, and has two books forthcoming: Social Movements in a Globalized World, 2nd ed. (Palgrave, 2019) and Democracy Reloaded: Inside Spain’s Political Laboratory from 15-M to Podemos (Oxford University Press, 2020).Ramón A. Feenstra is Assistant Professor in the Department of Philosophy and Sociology at the Universitat Jaume I of Castellón (Spain). He graduated in Advertising and Public Relations at the same university (2005) and in History at UNED (Open University of Spain) (2013). In 2010, he became a Doctor of Moral Philosophy at the Universitat Jaume I. The fields he writes about are linked primarily to the democracy theory and communication ethics. He has published the following books: Refiguring Democracy: The Spanish Political Laboratory (co-authored with Simon Tormey, Andreu Casero and John Keane, Routledge 2017), Ética de la publicidad: Retos en la era digital (Dykinson, 2014) and Democracia monitorizad en la era de la nueva galaxia mediática (Icaria, 2012). He has published articles in journals such as The International Journal of Press Politics, Journal of Business Ethics, Media International Australia, Voluntas, The Journal of Civil Society, Revista del Clad Reforma y Democracia and Policy Studies.

"At a time when the very idea of Europe as a distinct political space comes under multiple challenges, exploring the grassroots political dynamics that are both contributing to the current uncertainty and prefiguring new arrangements is more and more urgent. Flesher Fominaya and Feenstra’s excellent collection will provide massive food for thought to all those who have at their heart the future of Europe as a democratic polity."- Prof. Mario Diani, Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Italy"Contemporary Europe hosts a wide array of social movements that, due to their sheer number, diversity and complexity, cannot be overviewed by a single scholar. Accordingly, collaborative work is required of which this edited volume is an outstanding example. Both renowned older and promising young specialists on social movements and protest campaigns have contributed to this topical volume. It covers much ground and provides many insights into the evolution, structures and challenges of Europe’s social movements in these times that, as indicated in the book title, are indeed ‘turbulent’." - Prof. Dieter Rucht, Berlin Social Science Research Center (WZB), Germany

• List of figures List of tables Notes on contributors Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction: Contemporary European social movements: democracy, crisis and contestation Cristina Flesher Fominaya and Ramón FeenstraPART 1Visions of Europe 1 Visions of a good society: European social movements in the age of ideologies and beyond Simon Tormey2 How many ‘Europes’? Left-wing and right-wing social movements and their visions of Europe Manuela Caiani and Manès Weisskircher3 From ‘Fortress Europe’ to ‘Refugees Welcome’: social movements and the political imaginary on European borders Pierre Monforte4 Fields of contentious politics: policies and discourse over ‘Islam vs.Christianity’ Manlio CinalliPART 2Contemporary models of democracy 5 Democratic models in Europe Donatella della Porta6 Deliberative democracy: an upgrade proposal Domingo García-Marzá7 Democracy and sortition: arguments in favor of randomness Jorge Costa Delgado and José Luis Moreno Pestaña8 Hatred and democracy? Ernesto Laclau and populism in Europe Clare WoodfordPART 3Historical evolution of major European movements 9 Nothing is lost, nothing is created, everything is transformed: from labor movements to anti-austerity protests Marco Giugni and Maria Grasso10 The global justice movement in Europe Priska Daphi11 European squatters’ movements and the right to the city Miguel A. Martínez12 New social movements and everyday life: a dialogue with Alberto Melucci John KeanePART 4Feminism and sexualities 13 Feminist mobilizations within organized religions in Western Europe Celia Valiente14 My body, my rules? Self-determination and feminist collective action in Southern Europe Ana Cristina Santos and Mara Pieri15 Neither new nor utopian (and yet worthwhile): queer and feminist genealogies, conflicts and contributions inside Spain’s 15-M movement Gracia Trujillo BarbadilloPART 5Movement diffusion within and beyond Europe 16 Brokerage and the diffusion of social movements in the digital era Eduardo Romanos17 Social movement diffusion in Eastern Europe Ondřej Císař18 Crossing the ocean: the influence of Bolivia’s MAS movement on Spain’s Podemos party Esther del Campo, Jorge Resina and Yanina WelpPART 6Anti-austerity movements 19 Anti-austerity movements in Europe Josep Lobera20 Alternative forms of resilience and the 2007 crisis in Europe Maria Paschou and Maria Kousis21 ‘We won’t pay for the crisis’: student movements in European anti-austerity protest Lorenzo ZamponiPART 7Technopolitical and media movements 22 The technopolitical frameworks of contemporary social movements: the European case Igor Sádaba Rodríguez23 Alternative media and social movements in Europe’s digital landscape Andreu Casero-RipollésPART 8Movements, parties and movement parties 24 Movement parties: a new