Artificial Intelligence and International Conflict in Cyberspace

Fabio Cristiano is an Assistant Professor of Conflict Studies at Utrecht University, where he teaches in the MA in Conflict Studies & Human Rights and the Minor in Conflict Studies. He is an Associate Fellow of The Hague Program on International Cyber Security at Leiden University and holds a PhD in Political Science from Lund University.Dennis Broeders is a Full Professor of Global Security and Technology at the Institute of Security and Global Affairs (ISGA) of Leiden University, the Netherlands. He is the Senior Fellow of The Hague Program on International Cyber Security and project coordinator at the EU Cyber Direct Program.François Delerue is an Assistant Professor of Law and a member of the Jean Monnet Centre of Excellence for Law and Automation (Lawtomation) at IE University. His book Cyber Operations and International Law was published in 2020.Frédérick Douzet is a Professor of Geopolitics at the University of Paris 8, Director of the French Institute of Geopolitics research team (IFG Lab) and Director of the Center Geopolitics of the Datasphere (GEODE). She has been a senior member of the Institut Universitaire de France since 2022 and a member of the French Defense Ethics Committee since 2020.Aude Géry is a Post-doctoral Fellow at GEODE. She also co-chaired the Committee on Digital Challenges for International Law set up for the 150-year anniversary of the International Law Association.

"An impressive and much-needed cross-disciplinary assessment of the adoption of AI-enabled cyber capabilities, Artificial Intelligence and International Conflict in Cyberspace offers an expertly edited, nuanced, and ultimately cautionary view on the rising intersections of AI and cyberspace. The volume brings technical and social science scholarship together into conversations over the potential and perils of AI as an object and subject for cyber threats, as a strategic asset to be acquired (and threatened) by great and middling powers alike, and as a technology whose development demands ethical and legal boundaries even as those boundaries may shift via iterations in AI’s deployment by states and other stakeholders. Simply put, this book is essential reading for all those interested in the securitization of information technologies in the digital age" Duncan B. Hollis, Laura H. Carnell Professor of Law, Temple University Law School, United States"AI is set to become a constitutional component of economic, political, and military power. But in what ways? This timely book provides us with the necessary cross-disciplinary expertise to understand what is at stake when AI mingles with cyber conflict and how the international community should react to reduce the risks of the AI transformation."Myriam Dunn Cavelty, Deputy for Research and Teaching at the Center for Security Studies (CSS) and Senior Lecturer for Security Politics at ETH Zurich, Switzerland

• 1. Artificial Intelligence and International Conflict in Cyberspace: Exploring Three Sets of Issues Part I: Technical and Operational Challenges 2. The Unknowable Conflict: Tracing AI, Recognition, and the Death of the (Human) Loop 3. Artificial Intelligence in Hybrid and Information Warfare: A Double-Edged Sword Part II: Strategic and Geopolitical Challenges 4. Algorithmic Power? The Role of Artificial Intelligence in European Strategic Autonomy 5. The Middleware Dilemma of Middle Powers: AI-Enabled Services as Sites of Cyber Conflict In Brazil, India, and Singapore 6. Artificial Intelligence and Military Superiority: How the ‘Cyber-AI Offensive-Defensive Arms Race’ Affects the US Vision of the Fully Integrated Battlefield Part III: Normative and Legal Challenges 7. Ethical Principles for Artificial Intelligence in the Defence Domain 8. Is Stuxnet the Next Skynet? Autonomous Cyber Capabilities as Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems 9. Advanced Artificial Intelligence Techniques and the Principle of Non-Intervention in the Context of Electoral Interference: A Challenge to the "Demanding" Element of Coercion?