Cyberkrigföring

Today our world is under the watchful and tireless eye of computer vision, with cam­eras and monitors tracing our every move. Furthermore, generative AI is now able to render a synthetic world indistinguishable from reality for us to explore. Trevor Paglen goes in search of the ways and means of understanding this new visual universe. Instead of asking what these technologies "say" about the world, he teaches us to ask what they "do" and where such images come from.Exploring the esoteric worlds of psyops, UFO imagery, magicians, and public relation gurus, Paglen shows that this appar­ently alien realm is more human, but much stranger, than we imagine.

'No one has opened up the CIA to us like Weiner has, and The Mission deserves to win him a second Pulitzer' JOHN SIMPSON, GUARDIAN The epic successor to Tim Weiner’s National Book Award-winning classic, Legacy of Ashes: a gripping and revelatory history of the CIA in the 21st century, reaching from 9/11 through the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq to today’s battles with Russia and China – and with the President of the United States. At the turn of the century, the Central Intelligence Agency was in crisis. The end of the Cold War had robbed the agency of its mission. More than thirty overseas stations and bases had been shuttered, and scores that remained had been severely cut back. Many countries where surveillance was once deemed crucial went uncovered. Essential intelligence wasn’t being collected. At the dawn of the information age, the CIA’s officers and analysts worked with outmoded technology, struggling to distinguish the clear signals of significant facts from the cacophony of background noise.Then came September 11th, 2001. After the attacks, the CIA transformed itself into a lethal paramilitary force, running secret prisons and brutal interrogations, mounting deadly drone attacks, and all but abandoning its core missions of espionage and counterespionage. The consequences were grave: the deaths of scores of its recruited foreign agents, the theft of its personnel files by Chinese spies, the penetration of its computer networks by Russian intelligence and American hackers, and the tragedies of Afghanistan and Iraq. A new generation of spies now must fight the hardest targets – Moscow, Beijing, Tehran – while confronting a president who has attacked the CIA as a subversive force.From Pulitzer Prize winner Tim Weiner, The Mission tells the gripping, high-stakes story of the CIA through the first quarter of the twenty-first century, revealing how the agency fought to rebuild the espionage powers it lost during the war on terror – and finally succeeded in penetrating the Kremlin. The struggle has life-and-death consequences for America and its allies. The CIA must reclaim its original mission: know thy enemies. The fate of the free world hangs in the balance.A masterpiece of reporting, The Mission includes exclusive on-the-record interviews with six former CIA directors, thirteen station chiefs, and scores of top spies who served undercover for decades and have never spoken to a journalist before.

'Indefatigable reporting . . . it has become newly topical, too' TelegraphIn this engrossing and deeply disturbing exposé from the bestselling author of Nuclear War: A Scenario, Annie Jacobsen tells the gripping story of a decades-long, covert project to bring Hitler's scientists and their families to the United States. In the chaos following the Second World War, the US government faced a critical decision: what to do with the great scientific minds of the Third Reich. Many were accused of war crimes, and others had stood trial at Nuremberg; one was convicted of mass murder. Nevertheless, the US government secretly decided that their knowledge of rocketry and medical advances were vital to the outcome of the Cold War.Drawing on exclusive interviews with dozens of Paperclip family members, colleagues, and interrogators, and dossiers discovered in archives across the world, Annie Jacobsen follows more than a dozen German scientists through their postwar lives and into one of the most startling, complex, nefarious, and jealously guarded government secrets of the twentieth century.‘Chilling and riveting . . . a remarkable achievement of investigative reporting and historical writing’ Boston Globe‘The most in-depth account yet of the lives of Paperclip recruits and their American counterparts’ New York Times Book Review

Security Studies: An Introduction, 4th edition, is the most comprehensive textbook available on the subject, providing students with in-depth coverage of traditional and critical approaches and an essential grounding in the debates, frameworks, and issues of the contemporary security agenda.This new edition has been completely revised and updated, to cover major developments such as COVID-19, the rise of populism, climate change, China and Russia’s place in the world, and the Trump administration. It also includes new chapters on great power rivalry, emerging technologies, and economic threats.Divided into four parts, the text provides students with a detailed, accessible overview of the major theoretical approaches, key themes, and most significant issues within security studies.Part 1 explores the main theoretical approaches from both traditional and critical standpointsPart 2 explains the central concepts underpinning contemporary debatesPart 3 presents an overview of the institutional security architecturePart 4 examines some of the key contemporary challenges to global securityCollecting these related strands into a single textbook creates a valuable teaching tool and a comprehensive, accessible learning resource for undergraduates and MA students.

Motståndskraft handlar om ledarskap när planerna inte räcker till.Boken vänder sig till chefer i kommuner, myndigheter, regioner och företag, ofta första linjens chefer och sällan krisexperter. Den för samman forskning om ledarskap under press, svenska beredskapsprinciper och erfarenheter från mer än två decenniers arbete i offentlig och privat verksamhet.Tolv kapitel behandlar det som prövas när tempot ökar och informationen är ofullständig: tillit, kommunikation, handlingsutrymme, samverkan och ledarens egen förmåga att fungera under långvarig press.I appendix finns praktiska verktyg för chefer och ledningsgrupper: INCE-ramverket, Before Action Review, After Action Review, övningsupplägg och checklistor för krisledning.Andra upplagan är uppdaterad efter att MSB den 1 januari 2026 blev Myndigheten för civilt försvar och efter revideringen av Gemensamma grunder för ledning och samverkan.

Den här boken översätter 100 år av beprövat militärt ledarskap till svar och lösningar i organisationer utanför den militära. Du som läser boken kommer att få med dig konkreta verktyg och förhållningssätt att använda i din vardag som chef och ledare. Boken väver samman den militära och den civila världen. Du ska läsa boken om du vill ta del av det som har varit framgångsrikt över tid, oavsett hur omvärlden har sett ut eller vilka forskningsrön som för tillfället fått mest uppmärksamhet. Med stöd av 20 typiska utmaningar i vardagen och lika många lösningar från det militära ledarskapet kan du skapa din egen ledarskapsbank. Om det vore en militär uppgift att läsa denna bok, då skulle jag säga att "det är en order", men mer om det i boken..

This open access book is the outcome of a unique multinational effort organized by the Hamburg-based Defense AI Observatory (DAIO) to portray the current state of affairs regarding the use of artificial intelligence (AI) by armed forces around the world. The contributions span a diverse range of geostrategic contexts by providing in-depth case studies on Australia, Canada, China, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, Russia, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan, Turkey, Ukraine, the UK, and the United States. The book does not speculate about the future implications of AI on armed forces, but rather discusses how armed forces are currently exploring the potential of this emerging technology. By adopting a uniform analytical framework, each case study discusses how armed forces view defense AI; how they are developing AI-enhanced solutions, adapting existing structures and processes, and funding their defense AI endeavors; to what extent defense AI is already fielded and operated; and how soldiers and officers are being trained to work with AI.

*This book is published in the US as Sandworm: A New Era of Cyberwar and the Hunt for the Kremlin's Most Dangerous Hackers. The text is unchanged for this edition, except for the addition of a new foreword.*'With the nuance of a reporter and the pace of a thriller writer, Andy Greenberg gives us a glimpse of the cyberwars of the future while at the same time placing his story in the long arc of Russian and Ukrainian history.' -Anne Applebaum, bestselling author of Twilight of Democracy'A chilling account of a Kremlin-led cyberattack, a new front in global conflict" -Financial TimesThe true story of the most devastating act of cyberwarfare in history and the desperate hunt to identify and track the elite Russian agents behind it.In 2014, the world witnessed the start of a mysterious series of cyberattacks. Targeting American utility companies, NATO, and electric grids in Eastern Europe, the strikes grew ever more brazen. They culminated in the summer of 2017, when the malware known as NotPetya was unleashed, penetrating, disrupting, and paralyzing some of the world's largest businesses. At the attack's epicenter in Ukraine, ATMs froze. The railway and postal systems shut down. Hospitals went dark. NotPetya spread around the world, inflicting an unprecedented ten billion dollars in damage - the largest, most destructive cyberattack the world had ever seen.This is the true story of the hunt to unmask Sandworm: the group of hackers behind the attacks working in service of Russia's military intelligence agency. Following the years-long, globe-spanning work of the detectives tracking them, Operation Sandworm also exposes the larger story of a new global arms race, and the geopolitical chaos it is unleashing on the world. A narrative full of twists and turns, it captures a chilling new reality: in a war without borders, all of us live on the frontline.

An incisive exploration of how cyberattacks are transforming geopoliticsCyberattacks are the ultimate geopolitical weapon of the 21st century. They are used to damage presidential campaigns, shut down electric grids, sway public sentiment, and cost businesses and governments alike billions of dollars.Popular culture portrays cyberattacks as unstoppable and mysterious actions taken by shadowy, unpredictable forces.They aren't. Code War: How Nations Hack, Spy, and Shape the Digital Battlefield shatters this depiction, revealing nation-state cyberattacks for what they are: calculated, measured actions to achieve state objectives.World-renowned cybersecurity expert Allie Mellen draws on her extensive experience with nation-state cyberattacks and AI threats to break down how and why nations deploy cyberattacks in their own unique ways, driven by their military doctrine, national history, and, most importantly, geopolitical strategy.Mellen deconstructs the most infamous cyberattacks of our time to reveal how and why attacks like Stuxnet, WannaCry, and NotPetya happened and how their success altered the international landscape. She juxtaposes these attacks against the brutal reality of how nations surveil, manipulate, and control their own citizens' data.An essential resource for individuals, business professionals, and government officials, Code War demonstrates how you can use this knowledge to understand and respond to the practical realities of nation-state cyberattacks.Readers will also find: An overview of how cyberattacks and defenses operate, where governments most frequently use them, their limitations, and where they provide the most valueAn in-depth breakdown of some of the most important cyberattacks of the modern age, including those targeting the 2016 US Presidential elections, the Olympics, and those against Taiwan, Ukraine, and TibetDeep dives into the histories and attacks perpetrated by governments with the most prolific cyberattacks: China, Russia, and the United StatesAn eye-opening guide to the world of nation-state cyberattacks, Code War is a must-read for business and government leaders responsible for protecting against these attacks. It’s also a fascinating look into the world of cyberattacks for anyone interested in international relations who wants to keep up with the evolving weapons of war.

LONGLISTED FOR THE FT & STANDARD CHARTERED BUSINESS BOOK OF THE YEAR AWARDCybercrime is everywhere. A multibillion-pound industry run by wily hackers and fraudsters bankrupting businesses, stalling governments, stealing sensitive data. You could be next. Are you ready?'Brilliant, original and authoritative. An extraordinary book that will change the way you think about ransomware and the digital ecosystems that surround us' PETER FRANKOPAN, bestselling author of THE SILK ROADS 'A fascinating book about one of the great scourges of the modern world' OLIVER BULLOUGH, bestselling author of MONEYLAND'The history is fascinating... Shortland describes brilliantly the battle between the black hat - bad - and white hat - good - hackers... The revelations are so good' SUNDAY TIMESYou've heard the stories. Frozen IT systems, error codes everywhere, a pulsating pop-up threat: pay up, or lose everything. With new attacks hitting the headlines every day, ransomware is recognised as a serious threat to global security and the economy, yet it remains a slippery and little understood phenomenon. From a leading expert in illicit trading, We Know You Can Pay a Million spotlights the criminal underworld where organised groups trade stolen information and cryptocurrencies, and reveals the fascinating hidden histories of the superhackers whose activities have potentially catastrophic consequences for us all.

Today our world is under the watchful and tireless eye of computer vision, with cam,eras and monitors tracing our every move. Furthermore, generative AI is now able to render a synthetic world indistinguishable from reality for us to explore. Trevor Paglen goes in search of the ways and means of understanding this new visual universe. Instead of asking what these technologies "e;say"e; about the world, he teaches us to ask what they "e;do"e; and where such images come from.Exploring the esoteric worlds of psyops, UFO imagery, magicians, and public relation gurus, Paglen shows that this appar,ently alien realm is more human, but much stranger, than we imagine.

LONGLISTED FOR THE FT & STANDARD CHARTERED BUSINESS BOOK OF THE YEAR AWARDCybercrime is everywhere. A multibillion-pound industry run by wily hackers and fraudsters bankrupting businesses, stalling governments, stealing sensitive data. You could be next. Are you ready?'Brilliant, original and authoritative. An extraordinary book that will change the way you think about ransomware and the digital ecosystems that surround us' PETER FRANKOPAN, bestselling author of THE SILK ROADS 'A fascinating book about one of the great scourges of the modern world' OLIVER BULLOUGH, bestselling author of MONEYLAND'The history is fascinating... Shortland describes brilliantly the battle between the black hat - bad - and white hat - good - hackers... The revelations are so good' SUNDAY TIMESYou've heard the stories. Frozen IT systems, error codes everywhere, a pulsating pop-up threat: pay up, or lose everything. With new attacks hitting the headlines every day, ransomware is recognised as a serious threat to global security and the economy, yet it remains a slippery and little understood phenomenon. From a leading expert in illicit trading, We Know You Can Pay a Million spotlights the criminal underworld where organised groups trade stolen information and cryptocurrencies, and reveals the fascinating hidden histories of the superhackers whose activities have potentially catastrophic consequences for us all.

This work argues that logistics in warfare is crucial to achieving strategic success. The author identifies logistical capabilities as an arbiter of opportunity, which plays a critical role in determining which side will hold the strategic iniative in war. Armies which have secured reliable resources of supply have a great advantage in determining the time and manner in which engagements take place. Often, they can fight in ways their opponents cannot. The author illustrates this point with case studies of British logistics during the Burma campaign in the World War II, American logistical innovations during the Pacific War, Communist supply methods during the American phase of the Vietnam War and the competing logistical systems of both NATO and Warsaw Pact conventional forces during the Cold War.

An up-to-date analysis of cyberwarfare and hybrid warfare against the backdrop of the present conflict between Russia and Ukraine.This volume explores and dissects Russia’s efforts to leverage modern hybrid warfare against the West including cyber operations, operations in the information environment, energy politics as well as conventional military operations during the Post-Soviet Era with a particular emphasis on the Russian Ukraine War (2022- ).

After he was selected to be NATO's sixteenth Supreme Allied Commander, The New York Times described Jim Stavridis as a "Renaissance admiral." A U. S. Naval Academy graduate with a master's degree and doctorate from The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, conversant in both French and Spanish, this author of numerous books and articles impressed the Navy's leaders and senior Pentagon civilians with his wide range of interests, educational background, keen understanding of strategic doctrine, mastery of long-range planning, and command of international affairs. Since NATO had previously been led by generals, Stavridis saw his assignment as the first admiral to take command as somewhat "accidental." As the American and NATO commander in Europe responsible for 120,000 coalition troops serving in fifty-one nations, on three continents and at sea he had come a long way since almost leaving the Navy for law school five years after receiving his commission.The Accidental Admiral offers an intimate look at the challenges of directing NATO operations in Afghanistan, military intervention in Libya, and preparation for possible war in Syria--as well as worrying about the Balkans, cyber threats, and piracy, all while cutting NATO by a third due to budget reductions by the twenty-eight nations of the alliance. More than just describing the history of the times, Stavridis also shares his insights into the personalities of President Barack Obama, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Secretaries of Defense Robert Gates, Leon Panetta, and Chuck Hagel, Afghan President Hamid Karzai; Generals David Petraeus, Stanley McChrystal, John Allen, and many more. Known as an innovator and an early adopter of technology and social media, Stavridis' ability to think "outside the box" and sail in uncharted waters is unmatched. He shares his insights on leadership, strategic communications, planning, and the convergence of threats that will confront the United States and its allies in the near future. Stavridis is an advocate of the use of "Smart Power," which he defines as the balance of hard and soft power. He explains that in creating security in the twenty-first century it is critical to build bridges, not walls, and stresses the need to connect international, interagency, and public-private actors to achieve security.

'No one has opened up the CIA to us like Weiner has, and The Mission deserves to win him a second Pulitzer' JOHN SIMPSON, GUARDIAN The epic successor to Tim Weiner’s National Book Award-winning classic, Legacy of Ashes: a gripping and revelatory history of the CIA in the 21st century, reaching from 9/11 through the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq to today’s battles with Russia and China – and with the President of the United States. At the turn of the century, the Central Intelligence Agency was in crisis. The end of the Cold War had robbed the agency of its mission. More than thirty overseas stations and bases had been shuttered, and scores that remained had been severely cut back. Many countries where surveillance was once deemed crucial went uncovered. Essential intelligence wasn’t being collected. At the dawn of the information age, the CIA’s officers and analysts worked with outmoded technology, struggling to distinguish the clear signals of significant facts from the cacophony of background noise.Then came September 11th, 2001. After the attacks, the CIA transformed itself into a lethal paramilitary force, running secret prisons and brutal interrogations, mounting deadly drone attacks, and all but abandoning its core missions of espionage and counterespionage. The consequences were grave: the deaths of scores of its recruited foreign agents, the theft of its personnel files by Chinese spies, the penetration of its computer networks by Russian intelligence and American hackers, and the tragedies of Afghanistan and Iraq. A new generation of spies now must fight the hardest targets – Moscow, Beijing, Tehran – while confronting a president who has attacked the CIA as a subversive force.From Pulitzer Prize winner Tim Weiner, The Mission tells the gripping, high-stakes story of the CIA through the first quarter of the twenty-first century, revealing how the agency fought to rebuild the espionage powers it lost during the war on terror – and finally succeeded in penetrating the Kremlin. The struggle has life-and-death consequences for America and its allies. The CIA must reclaim its original mission: know thy enemies. The fate of the free world hangs in the balance.A masterpiece of reporting, The Mission includes exclusive on-the-record interviews with six former CIA directors, thirteen station chiefs, and scores of top spies who served undercover for decades and have never spoken to a journalist before.

Sheds light on the inner workings of the groups responsible for deploying ransomware, and on how governments and businesses can combat the threat.This timely book explores the alarming rise of ransomware: malicious software blocking users from their systems or data, until they’ve paid money to regain access or to prevent the release of sensitive information. High-profile British examples of the twenty-first century have targeted national libraries and hospital trusts; in the US, hackers of Pennsylvania’s Lehigh Valley Health Network held patient data hostage—when their demands went unmet, they published topless photographs of women with breast cancer.The issue presents formidable challenges and costs for businesses, national security and, as the Pennsylvania case showed, individuals—often society’s most vulnerable. But we can watch and learn from cyber extortionists, leaving us better prepared for next time. In 2022, a series of devastating ransomware attacks prompted Costa Rica’s President to declare a national emergency, describing a ‘state of war’. This episode had much to tell us about how these networks arise, operate, organise—and collapse.Max Smeets’ landmark study demystifies the ransomware playbook, from funding to networking. Through one of the largest ransomware operations on record, he reveals how this challenge has evolved, how it differs in substance and style from traditional cyber/hacking threats, and how to combat it.

Intelligent, ambitious and a rising star in the French artillery, Captain Alfred Dreyfus appeared to have everything: family, money, and the prospect of a post on the General Staff. But his rapid rise had also made him enemies - many of them aristocratic officers in the army's High Command who resented him because he was middle-class, meritocratic and a Jew.In October 1894, the torn fragments of an unsigned memo containing military secrets were retrieved by a cleaning lady from the waste paper basket of Colonel Maximilien von Schwartzkoppen of the German embassy in Paris. When French intelligence discovered they harboured a spy in their midst, Captain Dreyfus, on slender evidence, was charged with selling military secrets to the Germans, found guilty of treason by unanimous verdict and sentenced to life imprisonment on the notorious Devil's Island.The fight to free the wrongfully convicted Dreyfus - over twelve long years, through many trials - is a story rife with heroes and villains, courage and cowardice, dissimulation and deceit. One of the most infamous miscarriages of justice in history, the Dreyfus affair divided France, stunned the world and unleashed violent hatreds and anti-Semitic passions which offered a foretaste of what was to play out in the long, bloody twentieth century to come. Today, amid charged debates over national and religious identity across the globe, its lessons throw into sharp relief the conflicts of the present. In the hands of historian, biographer and prize-winning novelist Piers Paul Read, this masterful epic of the struggle between a minority seeking justice and a military establishment determined to save face comes dramatically alive for a new generation.

This book examines the evolution of Russian hybrid warfare in the post-Soviet era through a long-term, historically grounded, and systematically integrated perspective.Contemporary strategic studies literature often portrays hybrid warfare as an innovative approach to conflict. However, this volume demonstrates that Russia’s hybrid approach is neither new nor improvised, but the product of a strategic culture shaped across imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet history. The book combines doctrinal analysis, close reading of primary strategic texts, and a comparative study of the major conflicts fought by the Russian Federation since 1991. Drawing on the writings of Russian and Soviet military thinkers, party-state documents and open-source military sources, the research reconstructs how non-military and non-conventional instruments gradually shifted from ad hoc wartime expedients to components of an increasingly coordinated strategic repertoire. The various case studies adopt a cross-case comparative approach to trace continuities and ruptures. The analysis reveals hybrid warfare as a structural feature of Moscow’s strategic culture – an enduring method through which Russia seeks to offset conventional limitations, exploit systemic vulnerabilities in rival states, and shape the international environment below the threshold of open escalation.This book will be of interest to academics, researchers and advanced students in the fields of security and strategic studies, Russian/Eurasian studies, and international relations and political science more broadly. It will also be of value to think tank analysts and government and military security professionals.

When Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985, the Warsaw Pact was a robust military alliance. It was capable of waging a large-scale war in Europe and was an instrument of Soviet hegemony in Eastern Europe, keeping orthodox Communist regimes in power. The alliance over the years had also become an effective mechanism of political coordination and consultation. In April 1985, the Warsaw Pact leaders met in Warsaw and renewed the Pact for another thirty years. Yet only six years later, the alliance was disbanded, having been rendered obsolete by the political transformation of Eastern Europe in 1989-1990. This monograph recounts what happened to the Warsaw Pact during its final years and explains why the organization ceased to exist in 1991.

Effective cyber resilience requires a culture of preparedness that considers risk management and recovery planning to be at least as important as cyber defences.This book discusses:What cyber resilience is;How an organisation can achieve cyber resilience;How a cyber resilience strategy can be implemented, with a focus on ISO 27001 and ISO 22301; andThe certification and auditing process for standards such as ISO 27001 and ISO 22301.This book will explore the core principles of cyber resilience and explain how you can use ISO 27001 and ISO 22301 to implement a cyber resilience programme in your organisation. By the end of the book, you will understand how to implement both standards and combine them to form an effective, integrated system that will both enhance cyber security and ensure your organisation can respond effectively to a cyber attack or disruption.

The West is under challenge from the rise of China as a global power. Cyberespionage has enhanced China’s economy, military, and political influence, and it is now a peer rival to the American-led West across land, sea, air, and space. China can conduct cyberespionage on a scale that no other nation can currently match. Its Belt and Road Initiative is a modern-day Silk Route for both overland and maritime trade.Under President Xi Jinping, China is now much closer to parity in conventional forces should it begin hard-power contestation and enter the realm of ‘Thucydides’ Trap’; a belief that a rising power will challenge a hegemon. Chinese cyberespionage is a real long-term challenge to the United States and the West in general. This book discusses what the implications are and what might still be to come.

This book examines the historic role of professional and demanding military customers in industrial development. Particular emphasis is paid to public procurement of military equipment as a catalyst for innovation; and the civilian commercialization of military technologies (from gunpowder and cannons to submarines, missiles and aircraft) is documented by many case illustrations that show how macro-level productivity advance has been generated. A complementary volume to Advancing Public Procurement as Industrial Policy (2010), which focused on the spillover effects of the Swedish combat aircraft, Gripen, in this book Gunnar Eliasson widens the perspective to cover product development across the Swedish defense industry, with an emphasis on regional economic development and macro-economics, inter alia through the involvement of Saab (aircraft) and Kockums (submarines) in partnership ventures in Australia, Norway and Brazil.  The volume is organized into four parts. Part one examines the historical transformation of the Swedish economy over the past three centuries from agriculture and raw materials to an advanced industrial economy. Part two presents detailed case studies to illustrate the spillover effects of procurement projects and military-industrial partnerships. Part three explains the spillover phenomenon theoretically within a dynamic micro- to macro-economic perspective. Particular emphasis is placed on the empirical credibility of model-based economy-wide and dynamic cost-benefit calculations. The book concludes with a section on fostering industrial development through public procurement. The result is a book that will appeal to economists in the industrial economics and management fields; to technical, marketing and purchasing executives in business; and to policy makers in public procurement concerned with innovation and long-run industrial development.

This book focuses on strategic special operations and how these have led to the achievement of major foreign policy goals, which is illustrated by six case studies.The study specifically focuses on the alignment of the policies, strategies, and tactics that dominated these operations, providing a fresh perspective. Theoretically, the work underscores the continued relevance of relative superiority as the dominant theory in the field. Importantly, it aligns the potential ways of achieving and sustaining relative superiority with the ability to conduct contemporary special operations across multiple domains, thereby generating cross-dimensional effects. In terms of methodology, the book includes a description and analysis of six distinct case studies in special operations, ranging from short-term surgical strikes to sustained special warfare campaigns and spanning multiple geographic regions – including in Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Ukraine, and the South China Sea. From that perspective, relative superiority theory is extrapolated to explain how this critical condition can be achieved and sustained during protracted special operations. The unique value of this research is underscored by the author's collection of exclusive primary source data on the operations in the respective countries. The book’s conclusions explain how the personnel involved fulfill the strategic promise of special operations, given their position within the larger framework of foreign policy.This book will be of much interest to students of special operations, military and strategic studies, defense studies, and security studies in general.

This book investigates when and why governments in advanced democracies deploy armed forces for domestic security. It develops a theoretical framework conceptualising military policing as a policy instrument and identifies circumstances that lead governing parties to choose military over police for law-and-order agendas. The analysis reveals that armed forces are often favoured because they can be deployed more rapidly and at lower cost, arguing that military deployments frequently respond to economic convenience and become particularly attractive under fiscal constraint.The framework is tested on Italy, Europe’s heaviest user of armed forces for domestic security, drawing on extensive empirical evidence, including over 50 interviews with military officers, politicians, and police officials, as well as parliamentary debates and press sources. The book includes exploratory analysis assessing the framework’s applicability to other European states.Unlike existing studies focusing largely on Latin America, this work offers one of the first comprehensive analyses of causal factors driving military policing in advanced European democracies, making a significant contribution to civil–military relations scholarship. This volume will interest scholars, students, and practitioners of military studies, civil–military relations, policing, and security studies, as well as think tanks and policymakers seeking to understand the political dynamics behind domestic military deployments.

This book outlines the concept of Fifth Generation Warfare (5GW) and demonstrates its relevance for understanding contemporary conflicts.Non-kinetic modes of attack and war waged by groups or non-state actors at the societal level has been termed 5GW. This book discusses the theory of generational warfare and explores the key ideas of 5GW, such as secrecy, the manipulation of proxies, the manipulation of identity and culture (including disinformation and big data), and the use of psychological warfare. These techniques are used to achieve strategic objectives, such as inducing desired behaviour and controlling human terrain, without resorting to overt war or overt violence. The text expands the debate on 5GW by exploring emerging technologies and how they could be used for maliciously shaping human society and even for maliciously changing the genetic makeup of a population for the purpose of unprecedented social control. The work closes with comments on the possibility of a Sixth Generation of Warfare, which targets technical systems to possibly collapse a society through strategic sabotage. Overall, the book demonstrates the relevance of 5GW for understanding contemporary conflicts, from the Arab Spring to the war in Ukraine, in terms of the need for dominating the human domain.This book will be of interest to students of security and technology, defence studies and International Relations.