Jiaxiang Zhao is Professor of Philosophy at Peking University, and has served as vice dean and director of the academic committee of the Department of Philosophy, as well as vice president and consultant of the Chinese Historical Materialism Association. His main research interests include Marxist philosophy and Marxist classic works.

• 1. Social forms and their classifications 2. The purposiveness of human activities and the regularity of social development 3. Historical determinism, subjective choice, and their relations 4. Historical progress and its measure 5. The integrity of Marxism

Jiaxiang Zhao is Professor of Philosophy at Peking University, and has served as vice dean and director of the academic committee of the Department of Philosophy, as well as vice president and consultant of the Chinese Historical Materialism Association. His main research interests include Marxist philosophy and Marxist classic works.

• 1. Social forms and their classifications 2. The purposiveness of human activities and the regularity of social development 3. Historical determinism, subjective choice, and their relations 4. Historical progress and its measure 5. The integrity of Marxism

Jiaxiang Zhao is Professor of Philosophy at Peking University, and has served as vice dean and director of the academic committee of the Department of Philosophy, as well as vice president and consultant of the Chinese Historical Materialism Association. His main research interests include Marxist philosophy and Marxist classic works.

• 1. Social forms and their classifications 2. The purposiveness of human activities and the regularity of social development 3. Historical determinism, subjective choice, and their relations 4. Historical progress and its measure 5. The integrity of Marxism