Mala Kapur Shankardass, an international consultant, is an academician, researcher, writer and an activist with higher educational qualifications inclusive of doctoral and post-doctoral specialization in sociology, health social sciences, and gerontology. Now retired, she has 38 years of teaching experience and has held important positions as a senior faculty member at the University of Delhi, India. She continues to lecture at different academic departments in both Indian and foreign universities and is also involved with prestigious assignments with various institutions, including the United Nations.

‘This book offers many ideas in restructuring residential and community-based care. Gerontologists representing different countries share their care perspectives giving us fresh ideas to develop better programs for our elders and persons with dementia. I would highly recommend this book.’—Christopher J. Johnson, PhD., Clinical Professor, Dementia and Aging Studies Program, Department of Sociology, Texas State University, U.S.A.‘This book is timely and important. Due to an ageing population worldwide, there is an increasing need to provide insight on different perspectives of what constitutes good care for older people. Whether this is within families, communities or in long-term care facilities. Especially people with dementia, a disease which has high human and economic costs due to increasing care needs, need care which is characterised by good theoretical frameworks, is evidence-based and has the correct person-centred perspective. The goal of all care should be to provide the necessary support, but also to be mindful of older people’s dignity and promote their independence and self-efficacy as much as possible. This book brings together expertise around the world to discuss examples of care for older people and as such fills an important area in the literature.’—Eef Hogervorst, Professor of Biological Psychology, Director of Dementia Research at Loughborough University, UK and visiting Professor at Respati University Indonesia.‘The book, Care of Older Persons, edited by Dr. Mala Kapur Shankardass, an expert on ageing issues is a worthy and valuable resource covering a cross-section of ageing populations in ageing societies. The book highlights many care dimensions from varied perspectives in a meaningful way providing great insights on concerns of care in different countries. It is a very significant and beneficial collection of Chapters for scholars and researchers in the area.’—Lucy W. Maina, Associate Professor of Sociology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; Chair, Kenya Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Former Secretary, IAGG- Africa Region.

• List of Figures x List of Tables xiv Contributors xvi Foreword xxiii Acknowledgements xxvi PART I Care perspectives 1 1 Care of older persons: A discourse analysis 3 Mala Kapur Shankardass 2 Ethical challenges in the care of aging population: Experience from the United States of America 17 Letha M. Joseph 3 Seniors’ poverty in British Columbia, Canada: A social justice issue 32 Karen Lok Yi Wong 4 End of life care and the ageing population: Asian perspectives 44 Jagriti Gangopadhyay 5 Why restructuring residential care matters: A global perspective 59 Sumana Das 6 Developing a model for caregiver’s training and support 73 Ruchika Kuba and G. Mythili 7 Emerging challenges of care of elderly: Need for newer strategies for nurses in India 93 Sandhya Gupta PART II Family care, community care and long-term care 109 8 Sense of belonging in community-based care among South African older persons: A rapid review 111 Keshenaa Fakir, Erika Hitge, and Jaco Hoffman 9 Population ageing and care arrangements in later life in the Netherlands 140 Louise Meijering and Tobias Vogt 10 Aged people care in Poland 157 Artur Fabiś and Joanna K. Wawrzyniak 11 Care for the elderly in Singapore: Policies, delivery systems, and paradigms 173 Ho Mun Wai 12 From policy to practice: A comparative Anglo-German view of long-term care provision for older people 201 Ingrid Eyers, Kimberly Stoeckel, and Laura Allen 13 Canadian experience in providing care in long-term care homes 218 Suraj Laxman Gopinathbirla and Kanwal Shankardass 14 Expanding policies for hiring foreign long-term care workers in Japan: Current status, challenges, and responses 230 Noriko Tsukada PART III Dementia care 263 15 Formal community-based care: Older adults’ experiences of home-based and day care services in South Africa 265 Maryna Rankin and Jaco R Hoffman 16 Caring for older people with dementia: A global perspective 280 Frances J. Morris 17 Caring for people with dementia in Australia 299 Claire Morrisby and Barbara Blundell 18 Care services for older adults with dementia in Türkiye 325 Isil Kalayci 19 Dementia care: Management and challenges in India 337 Esha Arora, Rhea Wason, and Ashish Goel 20 The San Lawrenz Dementia Friendly Community Pilot Project 347 Pauline Refalo and Maria Aurora Fenech 21 Epilogue on Care of Older Persons: What the future holds 374 Mala Kapur Shankardass Index 377

Mala Kapur Shankardass, an international consultant, is an academician, researcher, writer and an activist with higher educational qualifications inclusive of doctoral and post-doctoral specialization in sociology, health social sciences, and gerontology. Now retired, she has 38 years of teaching experience and has held important positions as a senior faculty member at the University of Delhi, India. She continues to lecture at different academic departments in both Indian and foreign universities and is also involved with prestigious assignments with various institutions, including the United Nations.

‘This book offers many ideas in restructuring residential and community-based care. Gerontologists representing different countries share their care perspectives giving us fresh ideas to develop better programs for our elders and persons with dementia. I would highly recommend this book.’—Christopher J. Johnson, PhD., Clinical Professor, Dementia and Aging Studies Program, Department of Sociology, Texas State University, U.S.A.‘This book is timely and important. Due to an ageing population worldwide, there is an increasing need to provide insight on different perspectives of what constitutes good care for older people. Whether this is within families, communities or in long-term care facilities. Especially people with dementia, a disease which has high human and economic costs due to increasing care needs, need care which is characterised by good theoretical frameworks, is evidence-based and has the correct person-centred perspective. The goal of all care should be to provide the necessary support, but also to be mindful of older people’s dignity and promote their independence and self-efficacy as much as possible. This book brings together expertise around the world to discuss examples of care for older people and as such fills an important area in the literature.’—Eef Hogervorst, Professor of Biological Psychology, Director of Dementia Research at Loughborough University, UK and visiting Professor at Respati University Indonesia.‘The book, Care of Older Persons, edited by Dr. Mala Kapur Shankardass, an expert on ageing issues is a worthy and valuable resource covering a cross-section of ageing populations in ageing societies. The book highlights many care dimensions from varied perspectives in a meaningful way providing great insights on concerns of care in different countries. It is a very significant and beneficial collection of Chapters for scholars and researchers in the area.’—Lucy W. Maina, Associate Professor of Sociology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; Chair, Kenya Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics; Former Secretary, IAGG- Africa Region.

• List of Figures x List of Tables xiv Contributors xvi Foreword xxiii Acknowledgements xxvi PART I Care perspectives 1 1 Care of older persons: A discourse analysis 3 Mala Kapur Shankardass 2 Ethical challenges in the care of aging population: Experience from the United States of America 17 Letha M. Joseph 3 Seniors’ poverty in British Columbia, Canada: A social justice issue 32 Karen Lok Yi Wong 4 End of life care and the ageing population: Asian perspectives 44 Jagriti Gangopadhyay 5 Why restructuring residential care matters: A global perspective 59 Sumana Das 6 Developing a model for caregiver’s training and support 73 Ruchika Kuba and G. Mythili 7 Emerging challenges of care of elderly: Need for newer strategies for nurses in India 93 Sandhya Gupta PART II Family care, community care and long-term care 109 8 Sense of belonging in community-based care among South African older persons: A rapid review 111 Keshenaa Fakir, Erika Hitge, and Jaco Hoffman 9 Population ageing and care arrangements in later life in the Netherlands 140 Louise Meijering and Tobias Vogt 10 Aged people care in Poland 157 Artur Fabiś and Joanna K. Wawrzyniak 11 Care for the elderly in Singapore: Policies, delivery systems, and paradigms 173 Ho Mun Wai 12 From policy to practice: A comparative Anglo-German view of long-term care provision for older people 201 Ingrid Eyers, Kimberly Stoeckel, and Laura Allen 13 Canadian experience in providing care in long-term care homes 218 Suraj Laxman Gopinathbirla and Kanwal Shankardass 14 Expanding policies for hiring foreign long-term care workers in Japan: Current status, challenges, and responses 230 Noriko Tsukada PART III Dementia care 263 15 Formal community-based care: Older adults’ experiences of home-based and day care services in South Africa 265 Maryna Rankin and Jaco R Hoffman 16 Caring for older people with dementia: A global perspective 280 Frances J. Morris 17 Caring for people with dementia in Australia 299 Claire Morrisby and Barbara Blundell 18 Care services for older adults with dementia in Türkiye 325 Isil Kalayci 19 Dementia care: Management and challenges in India 337 Esha Arora, Rhea Wason, and Ashish Goel 20 The San Lawrenz Dementia Friendly Community Pilot Project 347 Pauline Refalo and Maria Aurora Fenech 21 Epilogue on Care of Older Persons: What the future holds 374 Mala Kapur Shankardass Index 377