John Donaghy is a senior lecturer at Anglia Ruskin University, UK. John has had over 30 years working in an NHS ambulance service, initially as an ambulance man in the late 1970s, prior to becoming a paramedic, first responder, flight paramedic, duty officer, paramedic training officer, and tactical support officer. In addition, he has had over 20 years in academia managing both undergraduate and postgraduate paramedic degree programmes. His research interests lie in the professionalisation of professions.Diane Waller is Emeritus Professor of Art Psychotherapy (Goldsmiths University of London), Hon. President, British Association of Art Therapists, former Council Member (Health and Care Professions Council), and Group Analytic Psychotherapist (UK Council for Physiotherapy). Her research interests include the sociology of health professions, art therapies with people with progressive illness, stroke, and eating disorders, and intercultural therapy. She is also Series Editor (with Sarah Scoble) of Routledge’s International Research in the Arts Therapies.

• 1.Introduction. 2.Historical context. 3.Exploring the literature. 4.Methods of enquiry. 5. Findings. 6.Discussion. 7.Reflections and recommendations.

John Donaghy is a senior lecturer at Anglia Ruskin University, UK. John has had over 30 years working in an NHS ambulance service, initially as an ambulance man in the late 1970s, prior to becoming a paramedic, first responder, flight paramedic, duty officer, paramedic training officer, and tactical support officer. In addition, he has had over 20 years in academia managing both undergraduate and postgraduate paramedic degree programmes. His research interests lie in the professionalisation of professions.Diane Waller is Emeritus Professor of Art Psychotherapy (Goldsmiths University of London), Hon. President, British Association of Art Therapists, former Council Member (Health and Care Professions Council), and Group Analytic Psychotherapist (UK Council for Physiotherapy). Her research interests include the sociology of health professions, art therapies with people with progressive illness, stroke, and eating disorders, and intercultural therapy. She is also Series Editor (with Sarah Scoble) of Routledge’s International Research in the Arts Therapies.

• 1.Introduction. 2.Historical context. 3.Exploring the literature. 4.Methods of enquiry. 5. Findings. 6.Discussion. 7.Reflections and recommendations.