Krishnarao Appasani trained as a molecular cell biologist, earning Masters and Doctoral degrees in Biochemistry and Molecular biology. He accepted a Lectureship at Boston University and taught cell and molecular biology courses to undergraduates and graduate students. He was a post-doc in the laboratory of Nobel Laureate, the late Prof. H. Gobind Khorana at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Subsequently, he joined the faculty of Harvard Medical School and directed the Thoracic Oncology Laboratory at the Brigham &Women’s Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. During this time he completed an MBA at Bryant University, Smithfield, RI, and then moved to Perkin Elmer and directed the Microarrays group. Dr Appasani has published about 60 research papers and abstracts in international journals, especially on Gene Expression. He was awarded the Outstanding Investigator Award by the American Federation for Medical Research, Washington D.C., competed globally for the Ranbaxy Research Medal, and was honored with the 1997-Ranbaxy Research Award in the field of Applied Medical Sciences. At Perkin Elmer, Dr Appasani organized a global Biomics Seminar series to educate scientists and to initiate and develop collaborations with researchers in academia and other industries. For about 15 years he ran a multi-million-dollar knowledge management enterprise and served as an international authority in bridging Academia and Industry by fostering inter-disciplinary and translational science. In 2016 Dr Appasani was inducted as a Life Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology, England, for his global efforts in promoting science education.

• EditorList of contributorsForewordPrefaceSECTION I Cryo-EM in Cell Biology: Structure Determination of Protein Assemblies and Cellular OrganelleChapter 1 Introduction on Cryogenic Electron Microscopy in Structural BiologyKrishnarao AppasaniChapter 2 Structural Dynamics of Proteasome Regulation by Cryo-EMYoudong MaoChapter 3 Cryo-EM Structures of a Ubiquitin-Specific Protease in Complex with SubstrateMartin RennieChapter 4 Structural Biology of Protein Kinases and Their RegulationSamrat Mitra, Pranita Ray, Prateeka Borar, and Smarajit PolleyChapter 5 The Life and Times of p53: Structural Advancements to Decipher the Guardian of the GenomeMaria J. Solares, Samantha Berry, and Deborah F. KellySECTION II Technology Platform and Evolving TechnologiesChapter 6 Single-Particle Cryo-EM: What Happens Inside the Black Box?Sayan Bhakta and Marin van HeelChapter 7 Streptavidin Affinity Grids in the Study of Macromolecular Complexes Using Cryo-Electron MicroscopyNils Marechal and Patrick SchultzChapter 8 Running a Cost-Effective Modern Cryo-EM Facility for SPA AnalysisLijia JiaChapter 9 Computational Methods for Bimolecular Structure Modeling for Cryo-EMJavad Baghirov, Xiao Wang, Genki Terashi, Shu Li, and Daisuke KiharaChapter 10 Artificial Intelligence-Driven Data Acquisition for Single-Particle Cryo-EM and Three-Dimensional Electron DiffractionKoji YonekuraChapter 11 From Icy Specimens to Digital Insights: Integrating Sample Preparation, Data Analysis, and IT InfrastructureEric Shell, Karine Minari, and Vitor Hugo Balasco SerrãoSECTION III Cryo-EM in Virology and Enzymology: High-Resolution Structures of Chaperonins and EnzymesChapter 12 Cryo-EM Structures of Viral and Bacterial ChaperoninsOlga S. Sokolova and Tatiana B. Stanishneva-KonovalovaChapter 13 Cryo-EM Structure of Monkeypox Virus DNA Polymerase HoloenzymeYi Shi and George F GaoChapter 14 Determining the High-Resolution Structure of the [NiFe]-hydrogenase Huc by Native Host Purification and Cryo-EMHari Venugopal, Ashleigh Kropp, Chris Greening, and Rhys GrinterChapter 15 Membrane Rupture and Lipid–Protein Interaction of γ-Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus Using Cryo-EMSuman Mishra, Anupam Roy, Arnab Chatterjee, and Somnath DuttaSECTION IV Cryo-EM in the Study of Membrane Biology: Probing the Structures of Membrane ProteinsChapter 16 Historical Evolution and Perspective on Cryo-EM Analysis of Membrane ProteinsYouzhong GuoChapter 17 Single-Particle Cryogenic Electron Microscopy Unfolds Distinct Membrane TransporterFolds: Focus on Autoinducer-2 Exporter FamilyRadhika KheraChapter 18 Rhodopsin Dimers in the Retinal Rod Outer SegmentSahil Gulati and Krzysztof PalczewskiChapter 19 Cryo-EM Structures of the Fungal GPCR Dimer Ste2Vaithish Velazhahan and Christopher G. TateChapter 20 Human V-ATPases: Assembly, Function, and RegulationElizabeth Fosuah, Qingpeng Lin, and Tian-Min FuChapter 21 Structure and Function of the Intracellular Calcium Channel Ryanodine ReceptorMarco C. MiottoChapter 22 Cryo-EM of Mitochondrial Membrane ProteinsSwati Yadav, Shaileshanand Jha, and Kutti R. VinothkumarSECTION V Cryo-EM in the Study of Molecular Biology: Structural Insights of Gene MachineriesChapter 23 Imaging Structurally Dynamic Ribosomes with Cryogenic Electron MicroscopySamantha M. Webster, Mira B. May, Barrett M. Powell, and Joseph H. DavisChapter 24 Cryo-EM in the Study of Ribosome BiogenesisAnkita Arora and Prem S. KaushalChapter 25 Cryo-EM Structures of Ribosomes from Human Pathogens: Implications for Drug TargetingAnkit Dhur, Aneek Banerjee, Krishnamoorthi Srinivasan, and Jayati SenguptaSECTION VI Cryo-EM in the Study of Neurobiology and Skin—Neuroreceptors to Ion Channels and Synaptic TransmissionChapter 26 Cryo-EM Structural Features of Glutamate Receptors Involved in Synaptic Neurotransmission or Brain PathologyNebojša BogdanovićChapter 27 Cryo-EM Structures of Systemic Amyloid FibrilsBinh An Nguyen, Maria del Carmen Fernandez-Ramirez, Shumaila Afrin, and Lorena SaelicesChapter 28 Structural Insights into the 5-HT3A Receptor Revealed by Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM)Zhuowen Li, Nikhil Bharambe, and Sandip BasakChapter 29 Molecular Cryo-EM in the Study of Skin TissueLars NorlénSECTION VII Applications of Cryo-ET and Cryo-EM in the Biopharmaceutical IndustryChapter 30 Emerging Technologies in Cryo-Electron TomographyKanika KhannaChapter 31 Cryo-Electron Tomographic Imaging of Membrane Proteins from Mitochondria and ChloroplastsTofayel Ahmed and Antara SahaChapter 32 Functional Studies of the Actin Cytoskeleton by Cryogenic Electron TomographyDorit Hanein and Niels VolkmannChapter 33 Cryo-EM in Drug DiscoveryYouxin Kong, Maxime Killer, Madhumati Sevvana, and Chiara RapisardaChapter 34 Applications of Single-Particle Analysis and Cryo-ET in Drug DiscoveryQing YaoIndex

Krishnarao Appasani trained as a molecular cell biologist, earning Masters and Doctoral degrees in Biochemistry and Molecular biology. He accepted a Lectureship at Boston University and taught cell and molecular biology courses to undergraduates and graduate students. He was a post-doc in the laboratory of Nobel Laureate, the late Prof. H. Gobind Khorana at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Subsequently, he joined the faculty of Harvard Medical School and directed the Thoracic Oncology Laboratory at the Brigham &Women’s Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. During this time he completed an MBA at Bryant University, Smithfield, RI, and then moved to Perkin Elmer and directed the Microarrays group. Dr Appasani has published about 60 research papers and abstracts in international journals, especially on Gene Expression. He was awarded the Outstanding Investigator Award by the American Federation for Medical Research, Washington D.C., competed globally for the Ranbaxy Research Medal, and was honored with the 1997-Ranbaxy Research Award in the field of Applied Medical Sciences. At Perkin Elmer, Dr Appasani organized a global Biomics Seminar series to educate scientists and to initiate and develop collaborations with researchers in academia and other industries. For about 15 years he ran a multi-million-dollar knowledge management enterprise and served as an international authority in bridging Academia and Industry by fostering inter-disciplinary and translational science. In 2016 Dr Appasani was inducted as a Life Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology, England, for his global efforts in promoting science education.

• EditorList of contributorsForewordPrefaceSECTION I Cryo-EM in Cell Biology: Structure Determination of Protein Assemblies and Cellular OrganelleChapter 1 Introduction on Cryogenic Electron Microscopy in Structural BiologyKrishnarao AppasaniChapter 2 Structural Dynamics of Proteasome Regulation by Cryo-EMYoudong MaoChapter 3 Cryo-EM Structures of a Ubiquitin-Specific Protease in Complex with SubstrateMartin RennieChapter 4 Structural Biology of Protein Kinases and Their RegulationSamrat Mitra, Pranita Ray, Prateeka Borar, and Smarajit PolleyChapter 5 The Life and Times of p53: Structural Advancements to Decipher the Guardian of the GenomeMaria J. Solares, Samantha Berry, and Deborah F. KellySECTION II Technology Platform and Evolving TechnologiesChapter 6 Single-Particle Cryo-EM: What Happens Inside the Black Box?Sayan Bhakta and Marin van HeelChapter 7 Streptavidin Affinity Grids in the Study of Macromolecular Complexes Using Cryo-Electron MicroscopyNils Marechal and Patrick SchultzChapter 8 Running a Cost-Effective Modern Cryo-EM Facility for SPA AnalysisLijia JiaChapter 9 Computational Methods for Bimolecular Structure Modeling for Cryo-EMJavad Baghirov, Xiao Wang, Genki Terashi, Shu Li, and Daisuke KiharaChapter 10 Artificial Intelligence-Driven Data Acquisition for Single-Particle Cryo-EM and Three-Dimensional Electron DiffractionKoji YonekuraChapter 11 From Icy Specimens to Digital Insights: Integrating Sample Preparation, Data Analysis, and IT InfrastructureEric Shell, Karine Minari, and Vitor Hugo Balasco SerrãoSECTION III Cryo-EM in Virology and Enzymology: High-Resolution Structures of Chaperonins and EnzymesChapter 12 Cryo-EM Structures of Viral and Bacterial ChaperoninsOlga S. Sokolova and Tatiana B. Stanishneva-KonovalovaChapter 13 Cryo-EM Structure of Monkeypox Virus DNA Polymerase HoloenzymeYi Shi and George F GaoChapter 14 Determining the High-Resolution Structure of the [NiFe]-hydrogenase Huc by Native Host Purification and Cryo-EMHari Venugopal, Ashleigh Kropp, Chris Greening, and Rhys GrinterChapter 15 Membrane Rupture and Lipid–Protein Interaction of γ-Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus Using Cryo-EMSuman Mishra, Anupam Roy, Arnab Chatterjee, and Somnath DuttaSECTION IV Cryo-EM in the Study of Membrane Biology: Probing the Structures of Membrane ProteinsChapter 16 Historical Evolution and Perspective on Cryo-EM Analysis of Membrane ProteinsYouzhong GuoChapter 17 Single-Particle Cryogenic Electron Microscopy Unfolds Distinct Membrane TransporterFolds: Focus on Autoinducer-2 Exporter FamilyRadhika KheraChapter 18 Rhodopsin Dimers in the Retinal Rod Outer SegmentSahil Gulati and Krzysztof PalczewskiChapter 19 Cryo-EM Structures of the Fungal GPCR Dimer Ste2Vaithish Velazhahan and Christopher G. TateChapter 20 Human V-ATPases: Assembly, Function, and RegulationElizabeth Fosuah, Qingpeng Lin, and Tian-Min FuChapter 21 Structure and Function of the Intracellular Calcium Channel Ryanodine ReceptorMarco C. MiottoChapter 22 Cryo-EM of Mitochondrial Membrane ProteinsSwati Yadav, Shaileshanand Jha, and Kutti R. VinothkumarSECTION V Cryo-EM in the Study of Molecular Biology: Structural Insights of Gene MachineriesChapter 23 Imaging Structurally Dynamic Ribosomes with Cryogenic Electron MicroscopySamantha M. Webster, Mira B. May, Barrett M. Powell, and Joseph H. DavisChapter 24 Cryo-EM in the Study of Ribosome BiogenesisAnkita Arora and Prem S. KaushalChapter 25 Cryo-EM Structures of Ribosomes from Human Pathogens: Implications for Drug TargetingAnkit Dhur, Aneek Banerjee, Krishnamoorthi Srinivasan, and Jayati SenguptaSECTION VI Cryo-EM in the Study of Neurobiology and Skin—Neuroreceptors to Ion Channels and Synaptic TransmissionChapter 26 Cryo-EM Structural Features of Glutamate Receptors Involved in Synaptic Neurotransmission or Brain PathologyNebojša BogdanovićChapter 27 Cryo-EM Structures of Systemic Amyloid FibrilsBinh An Nguyen, Maria del Carmen Fernandez-Ramirez, Shumaila Afrin, and Lorena SaelicesChapter 28 Structural Insights into the 5-HT3A Receptor Revealed by Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM)Zhuowen Li, Nikhil Bharambe, and Sandip BasakChapter 29 Molecular Cryo-EM in the Study of Skin TissueLars NorlénSECTION VII Applications of Cryo-ET and Cryo-EM in the Biopharmaceutical IndustryChapter 30 Emerging Technologies in Cryo-Electron TomographyKanika KhannaChapter 31 Cryo-Electron Tomographic Imaging of Membrane Proteins from Mitochondria and ChloroplastsTofayel Ahmed and Antara SahaChapter 32 Functional Studies of the Actin Cytoskeleton by Cryogenic Electron TomographyDorit Hanein and Niels VolkmannChapter 33 Cryo-EM in Drug DiscoveryYouxin Kong, Maxime Killer, Madhumati Sevvana, and Chiara RapisardaChapter 34 Applications of Single-Particle Analysis and Cryo-ET in Drug DiscoveryQing YaoIndex

Krishnarao Appasani trained as a molecular cell biologist, earning Masters and Doctoral degrees in Biochemistry and Molecular biology. He accepted a Lectureship at Boston University and taught cell and molecular biology courses to undergraduates and graduate students. He was a post-doc in the laboratory of Nobel Laureate, the late Prof. H. Gobind Khorana at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Subsequently, he joined the faculty of Harvard Medical School and directed the Thoracic Oncology Laboratory at the Brigham &Women’s Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. During this time he completed an MBA at Bryant University, Smithfield, RI, and then moved to Perkin Elmer and directed the Microarrays group. Dr Appasani has published about 60 research papers and abstracts in international journals, especially on Gene Expression. He was awarded the Outstanding Investigator Award by the American Federation for Medical Research, Washington D.C., competed globally for the Ranbaxy Research Medal, and was honored with the 1997-Ranbaxy Research Award in the field of Applied Medical Sciences. At Perkin Elmer, Dr Appasani organized a global Biomics Seminar series to educate scientists and to initiate and develop collaborations with researchers in academia and other industries. For about 15 years he ran a multi-million-dollar knowledge management enterprise and served as an international authority in bridging Academia and Industry by fostering inter-disciplinary and translational science. In 2016 Dr Appasani was inducted as a Life Fellow of the Royal Society of Biology, England, for his global efforts in promoting science education.

• EditorList of contributorsForewordPrefaceSECTION I Cryo-EM in Cell Biology: Structure Determination of Protein Assemblies and Cellular OrganelleChapter 1 Introduction on Cryogenic Electron Microscopy in Structural BiologyKrishnarao AppasaniChapter 2 Structural Dynamics of Proteasome Regulation by Cryo-EMYoudong MaoChapter 3 Cryo-EM Structures of a Ubiquitin-Specific Protease in Complex with SubstrateMartin RennieChapter 4 Structural Biology of Protein Kinases and Their RegulationSamrat Mitra, Pranita Ray, Prateeka Borar, and Smarajit PolleyChapter 5 The Life and Times of p53: Structural Advancements to Decipher the Guardian of the GenomeMaria J. Solares, Samantha Berry, and Deborah F. KellySECTION II Technology Platform and Evolving TechnologiesChapter 6 Single-Particle Cryo-EM: What Happens Inside the Black Box?Sayan Bhakta and Marin van HeelChapter 7 Streptavidin Affinity Grids in the Study of Macromolecular Complexes Using Cryo-Electron MicroscopyNils Marechal and Patrick SchultzChapter 8 Running a Cost-Effective Modern Cryo-EM Facility for SPA AnalysisLijia JiaChapter 9 Computational Methods for Bimolecular Structure Modeling for Cryo-EMJavad Baghirov, Xiao Wang, Genki Terashi, Shu Li, and Daisuke KiharaChapter 10 Artificial Intelligence-Driven Data Acquisition for Single-Particle Cryo-EM and Three-Dimensional Electron DiffractionKoji YonekuraChapter 11 From Icy Specimens to Digital Insights: Integrating Sample Preparation, Data Analysis, and IT InfrastructureEric Shell, Karine Minari, and Vitor Hugo Balasco SerrãoSECTION III Cryo-EM in Virology and Enzymology: High-Resolution Structures of Chaperonins and EnzymesChapter 12 Cryo-EM Structures of Viral and Bacterial ChaperoninsOlga S. Sokolova and Tatiana B. Stanishneva-KonovalovaChapter 13 Cryo-EM Structure of Monkeypox Virus DNA Polymerase HoloenzymeYi Shi and George F GaoChapter 14 Determining the High-Resolution Structure of the [NiFe]-hydrogenase Huc by Native Host Purification and Cryo-EMHari Venugopal, Ashleigh Kropp, Chris Greening, and Rhys GrinterChapter 15 Membrane Rupture and Lipid–Protein Interaction of γ-Hemolysin from Staphylococcus aureus Using Cryo-EMSuman Mishra, Anupam Roy, Arnab Chatterjee, and Somnath DuttaSECTION IV Cryo-EM in the Study of Membrane Biology: Probing the Structures of Membrane ProteinsChapter 16 Historical Evolution and Perspective on Cryo-EM Analysis of Membrane ProteinsYouzhong GuoChapter 17 Single-Particle Cryogenic Electron Microscopy Unfolds Distinct Membrane TransporterFolds: Focus on Autoinducer-2 Exporter FamilyRadhika KheraChapter 18 Rhodopsin Dimers in the Retinal Rod Outer SegmentSahil Gulati and Krzysztof PalczewskiChapter 19 Cryo-EM Structures of the Fungal GPCR Dimer Ste2Vaithish Velazhahan and Christopher G. TateChapter 20 Human V-ATPases: Assembly, Function, and RegulationElizabeth Fosuah, Qingpeng Lin, and Tian-Min FuChapter 21 Structure and Function of the Intracellular Calcium Channel Ryanodine ReceptorMarco C. MiottoChapter 22 Cryo-EM of Mitochondrial Membrane ProteinsSwati Yadav, Shaileshanand Jha, and Kutti R. VinothkumarSECTION V Cryo-EM in the Study of Molecular Biology: Structural Insights of Gene MachineriesChapter 23 Imaging Structurally Dynamic Ribosomes with Cryogenic Electron MicroscopySamantha M. Webster, Mira B. May, Barrett M. Powell, and Joseph H. DavisChapter 24 Cryo-EM in the Study of Ribosome BiogenesisAnkita Arora and Prem S. KaushalChapter 25 Cryo-EM Structures of Ribosomes from Human Pathogens: Implications for Drug TargetingAnkit Dhur, Aneek Banerjee, Krishnamoorthi Srinivasan, and Jayati SenguptaSECTION VI Cryo-EM in the Study of Neurobiology and Skin—Neuroreceptors to Ion Channels and Synaptic TransmissionChapter 26 Cryo-EM Structural Features of Glutamate Receptors Involved in Synaptic Neurotransmission or Brain PathologyNebojša BogdanovićChapter 27 Cryo-EM Structures of Systemic Amyloid FibrilsBinh An Nguyen, Maria del Carmen Fernandez-Ramirez, Shumaila Afrin, and Lorena SaelicesChapter 28 Structural Insights into the 5-HT3A Receptor Revealed by Cryogenic Electron Microscopy (Cryo-EM)Zhuowen Li, Nikhil Bharambe, and Sandip BasakChapter 29 Molecular Cryo-EM in the Study of Skin TissueLars NorlénSECTION VII Applications of Cryo-ET and Cryo-EM in the Biopharmaceutical IndustryChapter 30 Emerging Technologies in Cryo-Electron TomographyKanika KhannaChapter 31 Cryo-Electron Tomographic Imaging of Membrane Proteins from Mitochondria and ChloroplastsTofayel Ahmed and Antara SahaChapter 32 Functional Studies of the Actin Cytoskeleton by Cryogenic Electron TomographyDorit Hanein and Niels VolkmannChapter 33 Cryo-EM in Drug DiscoveryYouxin Kong, Maxime Killer, Madhumati Sevvana, and Chiara RapisardaChapter 34 Applications of Single-Particle Analysis and Cryo-ET in Drug DiscoveryQing YaoIndex