Andreu Casero-Ripollés is Full Professor of Journalism and Political Communication at Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, Spain. He has been Dean of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences and Director of the Department of Communication Sciences. He is President of the Spanish Society of Journalism (SEP). He has been included by Stanford University within the 2% of the most cited scientists in the world in Scopus for his discipline.Paulo Carlos López-López is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and Sociology at Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain. His lines of research are political communication, political behavior and emotions in social media.

• 0. Introduction: a multipolar and de-Westernized vision of political communication in the digital age Part I: The core elements of political communication 1. Political Communication in Latin America 2. Media systems in Latin America 3. The Latin American political discourse 4. Agenda Setting Studies in Iberian and Latin America Part II: Polarization, populism and hate speech 5. Populism, Media, Journalism and Political Communication in Latin America 6. Pop Politics Beyond Populism: Popular Culture as Political Communication 7. Affective Polarization in Latin America 8. Patterns of dissemination of expressions of hate and polarization in Ibero-America Part III: Political participation, activism and social movements 9. Social Movements, Democracy and Political Communication in Latin America 10. Digital feminist activism in Latin America: connected crowds and hackfeminism 11. Political Participation and Technology: Continuities and discontinuities in Southern Cone and Brazil 12. Indigenism and Sumak Kawsay in digital media. Coverage of the Political Agenda Setting in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia Part IV: Digitalization of political communication 13. The behaviour of digital communities in Ibero-American democracies 14. A reflection about artificial intelligence and algorithms in political communication. Instruments at the service of parties? 15. Platformization: State of the Art and Challenges for Political Communication in Latin America 16. Role of memes and political image in political communication in Latin America Part V: Elections and campaigns in a context of change 17. New tools, changes, and situations of the communication management of electoral campaigns in Latin America 18. Electoral desinformation and fact-checking in the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America 19. Election Campaigns and Election Debates in Ibero-America: from Television to Second Screens 20. Government communication: Basic Principles and Their Application to Practical Cases Part VI: Regional study of Political Communication in Latin America 21. Political communication studies over the last two decades: a view from the International Center of Advanced Communication Studies for Latin America, Ciespal 22. Latinobarometro, an instrument of regional development Part VII: Political Communication in South America 23. Political Communication and Technologies in Brazil: beyond Bolsonaro 24. Political communication in Argentine and social media (2010-2021). Personalism, personalization and political Internet users 25. Political communication in Peru: between the crisis of the parties, political instability, and the central role of media and networks 26. Political communication mediated by digital media: Misinformation and its impact on politics in Chile 27. Ecuador: between the digital impulse and the return of traditional powers 28, Political communication in Uruguay. Strong state, strong parties, stable traditional media, and weak polarization in social media Part VIII: Political Communication in Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean 29. Populism and Social Media Campaigning in Central America 30. El Salvador: Nayib Bukele, the Twitter president. A failed policy? 31. The evolution of political communication in Mexico: From a delayed beginning to the consolidation of cyberspace 32. Political communication and institutionality in Cuba 33. Political communication in 21st century Venezuela: from Chavismo to Madurismo 34. Artificial Intelligence, Technology and Political Communication in Colombia Part IX: Political Communication in Iberian Peninsula 35. Digital electoral campaigns in Spain over thirty years: information, unidirectionality and professionalized personalization 36. Electoral Campaigns in Portugal: Transitioning from the Analog to the Digital Realm 37. Lying on social media. Disinformation strategies of Iberian populist radical right

Andreu Casero-Ripollés is Full Professor of Journalism and Political Communication at Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, Spain. He has been Dean of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences and Director of the Department of Communication Sciences. He is President of the Spanish Society of Journalism (SEP). He has been included by Stanford University within the 2% of the most cited scientists in the world in Scopus for his discipline.Paulo Carlos López-López is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and Sociology at Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain. His lines of research are political communication, political behavior and emotions in social media.

• 0. Introduction: a multipolar and de-Westernized vision of political communication in the digital age Part I: The core elements of political communication 1. Political Communication in Latin America 2. Media systems in Latin America 3. The Latin American political discourse 4. Agenda Setting Studies in Iberian and Latin America Part II: Polarization, populism and hate speech 5. Populism, Media, Journalism and Political Communication in Latin America 6. Pop Politics Beyond Populism: Popular Culture as Political Communication 7. Affective Polarization in Latin America 8. Patterns of dissemination of expressions of hate and polarization in Ibero-America Part III: Political participation, activism and social movements 9. Social Movements, Democracy and Political Communication in Latin America 10. Digital feminist activism in Latin America: connected crowds and hackfeminism 11. Political Participation and Technology: Continuities and discontinuities in Southern Cone and Brazil 12. Indigenism and Sumak Kawsay in digital media. Coverage of the Political Agenda Setting in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia Part IV: Digitalization of political communication 13. The behaviour of digital communities in Ibero-American democracies 14. A reflection about artificial intelligence and algorithms in political communication. Instruments at the service of parties? 15. Platformization: State of the Art and Challenges for Political Communication in Latin America 16. Role of memes and political image in political communication in Latin America Part V: Elections and campaigns in a context of change 17. New tools, changes, and situations of the communication management of electoral campaigns in Latin America 18. Electoral desinformation and fact-checking in the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America 19. Election Campaigns and Election Debates in Ibero-America: from Television to Second Screens 20. Government communication: Basic Principles and Their Application to Practical Cases Part VI: Regional study of Political Communication in Latin America 21. Political communication studies over the last two decades: a view from the International Center of Advanced Communication Studies for Latin America, Ciespal 22. Latinobarometro, an instrument of regional development Part VII: Political Communication in South America 23. Political Communication and Technologies in Brazil: beyond Bolsonaro 24. Political communication in Argentine and social media (2010-2021). Personalism, personalization and political Internet users 25. Political communication in Peru: between the crisis of the parties, political instability, and the central role of media and networks 26. Political communication mediated by digital media: Misinformation and its impact on politics in Chile 27. Ecuador: between the digital impulse and the return of traditional powers 28, Political communication in Uruguay. Strong state, strong parties, stable traditional media, and weak polarization in social media Part VIII: Political Communication in Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean 29. Populism and Social Media Campaigning in Central America 30. El Salvador: Nayib Bukele, the Twitter president. A failed policy? 31. The evolution of political communication in Mexico: From a delayed beginning to the consolidation of cyberspace 32. Political communication and institutionality in Cuba 33. Political communication in 21st century Venezuela: from Chavismo to Madurismo 34. Artificial Intelligence, Technology and Political Communication in Colombia Part IX: Political Communication in Iberian Peninsula 35. Digital electoral campaigns in Spain over thirty years: information, unidirectionality and professionalized personalization 36. Electoral Campaigns in Portugal: Transitioning from the Analog to the Digital Realm 37. Lying on social media. Disinformation strategies of Iberian populist radical right

Andreu Casero-Ripollés is Full Professor of Journalism and Political Communication at Universitat Jaume I de Castelló, Spain. He has been Dean of the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences and Director of the Department of Communication Sciences. He is President of the Spanish Society of Journalism (SEP). He has been included by Stanford University within the 2% of the most cited scientists in the world in Scopus for his discipline.Paulo Carlos López-López is Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and Sociology at Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Spain. His lines of research are political communication, political behavior and emotions in social media.

• 0. Introduction: a multipolar and de-Westernized vision of political communication in the digital age Part I: The core elements of political communication 1. Political Communication in Latin America 2. Media systems in Latin America 3. The Latin American political discourse 4. Agenda Setting Studies in Iberian and Latin America Part II: Polarization, populism and hate speech 5. Populism, Media, Journalism and Political Communication in Latin America 6. Pop Politics Beyond Populism: Popular Culture as Political Communication 7. Affective Polarization in Latin America 8. Patterns of dissemination of expressions of hate and polarization in Ibero-America Part III: Political participation, activism and social movements 9. Social Movements, Democracy and Political Communication in Latin America 10. Digital feminist activism in Latin America: connected crowds and hackfeminism 11. Political Participation and Technology: Continuities and discontinuities in Southern Cone and Brazil 12. Indigenism and Sumak Kawsay in digital media. Coverage of the Political Agenda Setting in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia Part IV: Digitalization of political communication 13. The behaviour of digital communities in Ibero-American democracies 14. A reflection about artificial intelligence and algorithms in political communication. Instruments at the service of parties? 15. Platformization: State of the Art and Challenges for Political Communication in Latin America 16. Role of memes and political image in political communication in Latin America Part V: Elections and campaigns in a context of change 17. New tools, changes, and situations of the communication management of electoral campaigns in Latin America 18. Electoral desinformation and fact-checking in the Iberian Peninsula and Latin America 19. Election Campaigns and Election Debates in Ibero-America: from Television to Second Screens 20. Government communication: Basic Principles and Their Application to Practical Cases Part VI: Regional study of Political Communication in Latin America 21. Political communication studies over the last two decades: a view from the International Center of Advanced Communication Studies for Latin America, Ciespal 22. Latinobarometro, an instrument of regional development Part VII: Political Communication in South America 23. Political Communication and Technologies in Brazil: beyond Bolsonaro 24. Political communication in Argentine and social media (2010-2021). Personalism, personalization and political Internet users 25. Political communication in Peru: between the crisis of the parties, political instability, and the central role of media and networks 26. Political communication mediated by digital media: Misinformation and its impact on politics in Chile 27. Ecuador: between the digital impulse and the return of traditional powers 28, Political communication in Uruguay. Strong state, strong parties, stable traditional media, and weak polarization in social media Part VIII: Political Communication in Central America, Mexico and the Caribbean 29. Populism and Social Media Campaigning in Central America 30. El Salvador: Nayib Bukele, the Twitter president. A failed policy? 31. The evolution of political communication in Mexico: From a delayed beginning to the consolidation of cyberspace 32. Political communication and institutionality in Cuba 33. Political communication in 21st century Venezuela: from Chavismo to Madurismo 34. Artificial Intelligence, Technology and Political Communication in Colombia Part IX: Political Communication in Iberian Peninsula 35. Digital electoral campaigns in Spain over thirty years: information, unidirectionality and professionalized personalization 36. Electoral Campaigns in Portugal: Transitioning from the Analog to the Digital Realm 37. Lying on social media. Disinformation strategies of Iberian populist radical right