Jonathan D. Rosen is Assistant Professor in the Professional Security Studies Department at New Jersey City University. Dr. Rosen’s research focuses on drug trafficking, organized crime, and security. He is the author of 20 books and has published journal articles in Trends in Organized Crime, the Journal of Criminal Justice, Deviant Behavior, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, and Contexto Internacional, Revista CS, among other journals. Dr. Rosen has participated in grant-funded research studies in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia, and Mexico.Sebastian A. Cutrona is Associate Professor at O.P Jindal Global University, India. His work has been published in Trends in Organize Crime, the International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, and Crime, Law, and Social Change, among others. Dr. Cutrona has taught drug trafficking, organized crime, and Latin American politics at the University of Miami (United States), Universidad de San Andrés (Argentina), and Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (Argentina). His research interests mainly consist in organized crime, drug policy, and Latin American politics.

"Amid deteriorating security and democracy, mano dura policies have become one of the most persistent and entrenched policing policies in Latin America. This volume provides a much-needed analytical and policy structure that comprehensively explains the ever-expanding applications, rationalizations, and damages of this approach in countries throughout the region."Mark Ungar, Brooklyn College"Tragically, in the twenty-first century Latin America has been wracked by unprecedented levels of criminal violence. In this masterful, up-to-date volume, top country experts trace the evolution of government policies against organized crime in Latin America’s large countries and countries of the Northern Triangle. The book makes an important and compelling argument: while tough on crime policies enable human-rights violations and are rarely effective over the longer term, they are popular among Latin America’s fearful citizens."Cynthia McClintock, George Washington University

• Introduction 1. General Trends 2. The Cycle of Mano Dura Policies: The Militarization of the Drug War in Mexico 3. Performing Punitivism: Mano Dura in El Salvador 4. Mano Dura Policies in Honduras: Capitalizing off (In)Security 5. Fighting the Last War: Colombia’s Experience with "Tough on Crime" Policies 6. The Evolution of Crime Policy and Attitudes Toward Mano Dura in Ecuador 7. Throwing Away the Key: Mano Dura with Bolivian Characteristics 8. Faces of a Perverse State: Mano Dura Policies in Brazil from a Historical Perspective 9. The Popularity and Limits of Tough on Crime Policies in Argentina 10. Conclusión

Jonathan D. Rosen is Assistant Professor in the Professional Security Studies Department at New Jersey City University. Dr. Rosen’s research focuses on drug trafficking, organized crime, and security. He is the author of 20 books and has published journal articles in Trends in Organized Crime, the Journal of Criminal Justice, Deviant Behavior, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, and Contexto Internacional, Revista CS, among other journals. Dr. Rosen has participated in grant-funded research studies in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia, and Mexico.Sebastian A. Cutrona is Associate Professor at O.P Jindal Global University, India. His work has been published in Trends in Organize Crime, the International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, and Crime, Law, and Social Change, among others. Dr. Cutrona has taught drug trafficking, organized crime, and Latin American politics at the University of Miami (United States), Universidad de San Andrés (Argentina), and Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (Argentina). His research interests mainly consist in organized crime, drug policy, and Latin American politics.

"Amid deteriorating security and democracy, mano dura policies have become one of the most persistent and entrenched policing policies in Latin America. This volume provides a much-needed analytical and policy structure that comprehensively explains the ever-expanding applications, rationalizations, and damages of this approach in countries throughout the region."Mark Ungar, Brooklyn College"Tragically, in the twenty-first century Latin America has been wracked by unprecedented levels of criminal violence. In this masterful, up-to-date volume, top country experts trace the evolution of government policies against organized crime in Latin America’s large countries and countries of the Northern Triangle. The book makes an important and compelling argument: while tough on crime policies enable human-rights violations and are rarely effective over the longer term, they are popular among Latin America’s fearful citizens."Cynthia McClintock, George Washington University

• Introduction 1. General Trends 2. The Cycle of Mano Dura Policies: The Militarization of the Drug War in Mexico 3. Performing Punitivism: Mano Dura in El Salvador 4. Mano Dura Policies in Honduras: Capitalizing off (In)Security 5. Fighting the Last War: Colombia’s Experience with "Tough on Crime" Policies 6. The Evolution of Crime Policy and Attitudes Toward Mano Dura in Ecuador 7. Throwing Away the Key: Mano Dura with Bolivian Characteristics 8. Faces of a Perverse State: Mano Dura Policies in Brazil from a Historical Perspective 9. The Popularity and Limits of Tough on Crime Policies in Argentina 10. Conclusión

Jonathan D. Rosen is Assistant Professor in the Professional Security Studies Department at New Jersey City University. Dr. Rosen’s research focuses on drug trafficking, organized crime, and security. He is the author of 20 books and has published journal articles in Trends in Organized Crime, the Journal of Criminal Justice, Deviant Behavior, International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, and Contexto Internacional, Revista CS, among other journals. Dr. Rosen has participated in grant-funded research studies in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia, and Mexico.Sebastian A. Cutrona is Associate Professor at O.P Jindal Global University, India. His work has been published in Trends in Organize Crime, the International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, and Crime, Law, and Social Change, among others. Dr. Cutrona has taught drug trafficking, organized crime, and Latin American politics at the University of Miami (United States), Universidad de San Andrés (Argentina), and Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (Argentina). His research interests mainly consist in organized crime, drug policy, and Latin American politics.

"Amid deteriorating security and democracy, mano dura policies have become one of the most persistent and entrenched policing policies in Latin America. This volume provides a much-needed analytical and policy structure that comprehensively explains the ever-expanding applications, rationalizations, and damages of this approach in countries throughout the region."Mark Ungar, Brooklyn College"Tragically, in the twenty-first century Latin America has been wracked by unprecedented levels of criminal violence. In this masterful, up-to-date volume, top country experts trace the evolution of government policies against organized crime in Latin America’s large countries and countries of the Northern Triangle. The book makes an important and compelling argument: while tough on crime policies enable human-rights violations and are rarely effective over the longer term, they are popular among Latin America’s fearful citizens."Cynthia McClintock, George Washington University

• Introduction 1. General Trends 2. The Cycle of Mano Dura Policies: The Militarization of the Drug War in Mexico 3. Performing Punitivism: Mano Dura in El Salvador 4. Mano Dura Policies in Honduras: Capitalizing off (In)Security 5. Fighting the Last War: Colombia’s Experience with "Tough on Crime" Policies 6. The Evolution of Crime Policy and Attitudes Toward Mano Dura in Ecuador 7. Throwing Away the Key: Mano Dura with Bolivian Characteristics 8. Faces of a Perverse State: Mano Dura Policies in Brazil from a Historical Perspective 9. The Popularity and Limits of Tough on Crime Policies in Argentina 10. Conclusión