Leighton Vaughan Williams, PhD, FHEA, has researched and published extensively in the areas of probability, risk, and choice under uncertainty, notably as Professor of Economics and Finance at Nottingham Business School, as well as Director of the Betting Research Unit and of the Political Forecasting Unit. He has given expert witness evidence before national and international courts of law, including the UK’s Central Criminal Court and Scotland’s Court of Session, as well as select committees of the House of Commons and House of Lords. He has served as a senior adviser to UK Government departments, including HM Revenue & Customs and the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, as well as the National Audit Office. Professor Vaughan Williams has taught and created courses nationally and internationally on the application of the tools of probability and statistics to real-world problems and paradoxes, and has organised a series of international conferences and symposia. He has served widely in editorial roles for leading academic journals and is an experienced consultant and expert witness. He is the author of ‘Probability, Choice, and Reason’, published by Chapman & Hall/CRC in 2021 and serves as President of Economic Issues.Leighton was educated at University College, Cardiff (graduating summa cum laude), and at Hertford College, Oxford University.

• 1: Chance and Evidence. 2: Change and Paradox. 3: Chance and Choice. 4: Chance and Gambles. 5: Chance and Reason. 6: Chance and Truth. 7: Chance and Strategy.

Leighton Vaughan Williams, PhD, FHEA, has researched and published extensively in the areas of probability, risk, and choice under uncertainty, notably as Professor of Economics and Finance at Nottingham Business School, as well as Director of the Betting Research Unit and of the Political Forecasting Unit. He has given expert witness evidence before national and international courts of law, including the UK’s Central Criminal Court and Scotland’s Court of Session, as well as select committees of the House of Commons and House of Lords. He has served as a senior adviser to UK Government departments, including HM Revenue & Customs and the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, as well as the National Audit Office. Professor Vaughan Williams has taught and created courses nationally and internationally on the application of the tools of probability and statistics to real-world problems and paradoxes, and has organised a series of international conferences and symposia. He has served widely in editorial roles for leading academic journals and is an experienced consultant and expert witness. He is the author of ‘Probability, Choice, and Reason’, published by Chapman & Hall/CRC in 2021 and serves as President of Economic Issues.Leighton was educated at University College, Cardiff (graduating summa cum laude), and at Hertford College, Oxford University.

• 1: Chance and Evidence. 2: Change and Paradox. 3: Chance and Choice. 4: Chance and Gambles. 5: Chance and Reason. 6: Chance and Truth. 7: Chance and Strategy.

Leighton Vaughan Williams, PhD, FHEA, has researched and published extensively in the areas of probability, risk, and choice under uncertainty, notably as Professor of Economics and Finance at Nottingham Business School, as well as Director of the Betting Research Unit and of the Political Forecasting Unit. He has given expert witness evidence before national and international courts of law, including the UK’s Central Criminal Court and Scotland’s Court of Session, as well as select committees of the House of Commons and House of Lords. He has served as a senior adviser to UK Government departments, including HM Revenue & Customs and the Department for Digital, Culture, Media and Sport, as well as the National Audit Office. Professor Vaughan Williams has taught and created courses nationally and internationally on the application of the tools of probability and statistics to real-world problems and paradoxes, and has organised a series of international conferences and symposia. He has served widely in editorial roles for leading academic journals and is an experienced consultant and expert witness. He is the author of ‘Probability, Choice, and Reason’, published by Chapman & Hall/CRC in 2021 and serves as President of Economic Issues.Leighton was educated at University College, Cardiff (graduating summa cum laude), and at Hertford College, Oxford University.

• 1: Chance and Evidence. 2: Change and Paradox. 3: Chance and Choice. 4: Chance and Gambles. 5: Chance and Reason. 6: Chance and Truth. 7: Chance and Strategy.